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Biomedical subjects

K Kaufman

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaufman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Part-time faculty in academic medicine: present status and future challenges.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number, personal and professional characteristics, and attitudes of part-time medicine faculty. PARTICIPANTS: Part-time faculty in departments of medicine were identified by the chairs of medicine and faculty roster representatives of the Association of American Medical Colleges for each U.S. medical school and by a survey of faculty. MEASUREMENTS: A 79-item questionnaire including questions about working conditions, attitudes toward professional and personal issues, and institutional policies. RESULTS: A total of 245 eligible questionnaires were returned (69% of the estimated number of eligible part-time faculty). Sixty-three percent were men and 27% were women. Women faculty worked an average of 35 h/wk, combining their careers with childbearing, whereas men worked 51 h/wk, divided between their faculty position and private practice. Respondents' work time was devoted to teaching and patient care, with no time dedicated for research. Most faculty (86%) were in nontenured track positions; approximately one half (47%) developed the position themselves. Only 8% reported that existing institutional policies allowed part-time faculty more time to reach promotion and tenure standards. A high degree of career satisfaction existed (mean score, 8.6 on a 10-point scale) even though faculty believe that part-time status makes promotion more difficult and negatively influences colleagues' perceptions of them. CONCLUSION: We estimate that more than 400 faculty work part time in departments of medicine in U.S. medical schools. The majority are men who combine academic careers with private practice. Most part-time faculty work as clinician/teachers in nontenure track positions and are satisfied with their careers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Mentors and role models for women in academic medicine.

Senior mentors and role models have a positive influence on the career advancement of junior professionals in law, business, and medicine. In medicine an increasing number of women are pursuing academic careers, but available senior mentors to provide career guidance are often lacking. We report on the results of a national survey of 558 full-time faculty women, aged 50 years and younger, in departments of medicine in the United States, regarding their experience with role models and mentors. Women with mentors report more publications and more time spent on research activity than those without mentors. Women with a role model reported higher overall career satisfaction. This report, with illustrative examples, may be helpful to other women pursuing academic careers and to physicians who serve as mentors or role models to others.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1990

Maladjustment in statistical minorities within ethnically unbalanced classrooms.

Ascertained if being a member of a statistical minority influences children's adjustment in school, as measured by the AML, a teacher-administered adjustment rating scale. Teachers from a southwest school district evaluated elementary students on aggressive, acting-out behaviors, moody-internalized behaviors, and learning difficulties. Analyses conducted on 376 students revealed significant effects of statistical minority status on certain dimensions of adjustment ratings for both Hispanic and Anglo students. Hispanic students in the statistical minority received poorer ratings on the moodiness dimension of the AML than nonminority Hispanic students. Anglo students in the statistical minority received poorer ratings on the aggression dimension of the AML than nonminority Anglo students. These results were interpreted in terms of cultural differences in coping with statistical minority status. Traits commonly exhibited within a culture may intensify and be perceived as maladaptive when stress resulting from being a minority occurs. Implications of the finding that statistical minority status within the school environment influences adjustment are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

A randomized controlled trial of a nursery ritual: wearing cover gowns to care for healthy newborns.

The routine wearing of individual cover gowns by nurses and visitors for direct care of healthy newborns was usual practice on the maternity ward of a regional referral center. We conducted a randomized trial in which cover gowns were not provided for care of infants in the experimental group (n = 222), but were maintained for control infants (n = 230). The principal outcome measured was Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the newborn nares or umbilicus on day 3 or day of discharge. Twenty percent (n = 51) of the experimental group (no gown) had a positive culture compared with 21 percent (n = 47) of the controls. Of the infants with positive cultures, two in each group exhibited symptoms of overt S. aureus infection. Experimental infants were similar to controls with respect to feeding method, route of delivery, amount of time spent rooming-in, and average number of visitors per day. In the group of positively cultured infants, the mothers experienced longer labor, and more vaginal examinations in labor, and the number of males undergoing circumcision was higher. We concluded that routine use of cover gowns was unwarranted, and we have altered the ward policy accordingly. This also has had a positive economic effect.

Ceremonial Behavior↗
PubMed1987

Inter-episode major and subclinical symptoms in affective disorder.

A prospective 1-year study was conducted in 69 patients with affective disorder. Despite remission, there was a significant continued presence at each visit of major symptoms of mania and depression and of mean mood shift. Furthermore, sub-clinical affective symptoms, as determined by General Behavior Inventory self-rating scores completed at 4 month intervals, continued at a level throughout the entire year significantly higher in patients than in 14 normal controls. Finally, as expected, presence of subclinical symptoms on the GBI correlated significantly with presence of major symptoms and mood shift. Correlation varied from 0.55 to 0.61; all significances were less than 0.001.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lithium level and inter-episode symptoms in affective disorder.

Forty-two patients with a history of affective disorder on lithium prophylaxis alone participated in a prospective 1-year study of inter-episode symptoms. Despite expected significant differences in mean plasma lithium level in patients, those with mean levels above the median (0.82 +/- 0.10 mEq/l) did not differ in incidence of major symptoms per visit, in mood shift per visit, or in rate of subclinical symptoms on the General Behavior Inventory from those patients with mean level below the median (0.52 +/- 0.09 mEq/l).

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMed1983

In vitro analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction. VII. I-A-restricted self-reactive and alloreactive helper components of allogeneic effect factor are distinct donor T cell-derived Ia-molecules that recognize Ia determinants on antigen-presenting cells.

An allogeneic effect factor (AEF) derived from mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures of alloactivated A.SW (H-2s) responder T cells and irradiated T cell-depleted A/WySn (H-2a) stimulator spleen cells was fractionated on the basis of molecular size and charge into two I-A-restricted helper components. The cellular origin of these components is believed to be an Lyt-1+2- -activated responder T helper (TH) cell. One alloreactive component, TIAH-1, recognizes allo-I-A determinants on an A/WySn antigen-presenting cell (APC). The other self-reactive component, TIAH-2, recognizes self-I-A determinants on an A.SW APC. The interaction of each of these components with the appropriate APC subsequently activates an in vitro primary anti-SRBC PFC response of either stimulator haplotype- or responder haplotype-derived B cells. These data demonstrate that the activity of TIAH-1 and TIAH-2 is dependent on the genotype of the APC and not the B cell, and that the target cell of action of these AEF TH components is an APC. TIAH-1 and TIAH-2 are 68,000 mol wt single polypeptide chains that have an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.8 and 5.5, respectively. Their charge difference is not attributable to altered amounts of sialylation or phosphorylation, but probably is due to other forms of altered glycosylation and/or to changes in their amino acid sequence. They share approximately 80% of their tryptic peptides and likely constitute homologous but nonidentical molecules. Papain cleaves TIAH-1 and TIAH-2 into a 40,000 mol wt fragment. TIAH-1 and TIAH-2 may represent structurally very related but nonidentical secreted forms of activated responder TH cell-derived receptors for allo-I-A and self-I-A determinants, respectively.

Amino Acid Sequence↗