Biomedical subjects

K Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to K Katayama.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

[Releasing phenomenon of well learned praxis with right hand].

We report a case with "releasing phenomenon of well learned praxis" with right hand caused by cerebral infarction in the territory of left anterior cerebral artery. A 71-year-old right-handed woman suddenly developed motor paralysis in right lower and upper limbs associated with mutism. Motor paralysis of the right upper limb and speech disturbance improved gradually. At this period it was noted that she grasped and used an object in front of her with right hand against her own will. The neurological findings about one month after the onset of the disease revealed very mild weakness of the right upper extremity and severe motor paralysis of the right lower limb. In addition, tendon reflex was exaggerated in the right lower limb and sensory disturbance was noted in the region distal from the right knee. Neuropsychologically, ideomotor apraxia was observed in the left hand. Pathological gasping of the right hand was also noted. When the patient saw and touched an object, she used it with her right hand against her own will, and her left hand voluntarily hindered the right hand. This behavior is apparently similar with the "compulsive manipulation of tools" reported previously. However, the following hitherto unknown phenomena were observed in the present patient: Her right hand performed pantomimic movement for the use of objects orally described by the examiner without visually presenting them. The right hand also tended to imitate the gestures of the examiner automatically, even if the patient was not asked for imitating the gestures. These behavioral abnormalities of the right hand was thought to be liberated from the inhibition system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Expression of X protein and hepatitis B virus replication in chronic hepatitis.

The X protein can act on the enhancer of hepatitis B virus in an in vitro system and elevate the transcriptional level of hepatitis B virus. However, because no relationship had been reported between X protein expression and hepatitis B virus replication in patients with chronic hepatitis B, we focused on its expression in the liver in comparison with markers of hepatitis B virus replication. Liver biopsy samples and sera from 59 carriers with HBsAg were examined immunohistochemically for X protein using rabbit IgG against recombinant X protein. There was a significant difference in the serum hepatitis B virus DNA level between X protein-positive and -negative patients (p less than 0.001). Serum pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were also measured quantitatively by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies specific against each antigen. The titers of pre-S1 antigen in patients positive for X protein were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than those of the X protein-negative patients (3.02 +/- 0.99 vs. 2.00 +/- 0.59, respectively). Similarly, the titers of pre-S2 antigen were 2.98 +/- 0.91 vs. 1.94 +/- 0.54, respectively (p less than 0.001). The rate of positivity of the X protein was higher (38 of 49; 77.6%) in the replicative group (serum HBeAg, serum hepatitis B virus DNA or HBcAg in liver positive) compared with that observed in the nonreplicative group (3 of 10; 30%--serum HBeAg, serum hepatitis B virus DNA and HBcAg in liver negative) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion for the treatment of peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancers and subsequent second-look operation.

A total of 31 patients with gastric cancer showing peritoneal dissemination received continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) in combination with the administration of cisplatin (CDDP) and mitomycin C (MMC). The authors developed a new special device named the peritoneal cavity expander (PCE) for sufficient perfusion and direct temperature measurement in the peritoneal cavity. As complications of CHPP three patients presented with bone marrow suppressions (leukocytes less than or equal to 3000/mm3 and/or platelets less than or equal to 30,000/mm3): one, leakage of intestinal anastomosis; one, intestinal perforation; and one, acute renal failure. But none of them was lethal. Twelve of 31 patients who had received CHPP during the initial operation underwent second-look operation (SLO) for the assessing the effects of CHPP and for resecting residual or recurrent tumors. Among 12 patients who received SLO complete response (CR) was observed in four patients, partial response (PR) in one, no change (NC) in three, and progressive disease (PD) in four, with the overall response rates (%CR + %PR) standing at 41%. Two-year survival rate of the complete and partial responders was 50%, which was significantly higher than 0% of the other responders (NC + PD). The survival curves of the two groups were significantly different (P less than 0.05, generalized Wilcoxon test). These results supported that CHPP was well tolerated and effective for the treatment of patients with peritoneal dissemination in gastric cancer when combined with anti-cancer drugs having synergism with hyperthermia. Since the outcome of SLO was one of prognostic factors it was important to follow up these patients by SLO.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Specificity of antibodies to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis.

To reassess the role of autoantibodies to type II collagen in the pathogenesis of diseases, we studied antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from patients with relapsing polychondritis for species specificity and collagen type specificity, using an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies were found in the sera of 15% of the RA patients and 50% of the relapsing polychondritis patients, as well as in the cartilage of 69% of the RA patients examined. Reaction with both homologous and heterologous type II collagens was common. Analysis of 19 selected RA sera revealed that autoantibodies were generally associated with specific antibodies to some species of heterologous type II collagen. In contrast, antibodies found in 4% of the non-RA controls were specific for either bovine or chick type II collagen. These findings indicate that autoantibody formation in RA and relapsing polychondritis may occur as a result of an immune response to heterologous type II collagen. However, since RA and relapsing polychondritis patient sera differed in their reactivity with the cyanogen bromide-digested peptides, it is possible that the clinical manifestation of collagen autoimmunity might be influenced by the epitope specificity of the antibodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Coronary artery spasm during cardiac angiography.

Unexpected occurrence of coronary artery spasm is sometimes observed during cardiac catheterization. We report here two cases of coronary artery spasm with hypotension and urticaria subsequent to administration of contrast material. The etiology of coronary artery spasm is discussed.

Angiocardiography↗

PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of pre-S1 and pre-S2 in relation to HBsAg expression.

Sera from four patients with acute hepatitis B and 87 patients with chronic hepatitis B were examined quantitatively for pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens by solid-phase enzyme immunoassays. Pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens were detected in HBsAg-positive sera irrespective of the presence of viral replicative markers, and their titers correlated with those of HBsAg (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01; r = 0.74, p less than 0.01, respectively). Sera positive for HBeAg showed higher titers of pre-S1 (p less than 0.01) and pre-S2 (p less than 0.01) antigens than sera negative for HBeAg. The titers of pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigens also correlated with the levels of HBV-associated DNA polymerase activity (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01; r = 0.59, p less than 0.01, respectively) and HBV-DNA (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01; r = 0.46, p less than 0.01, respectively). However, the ratios between the titers of pre-S antigens and HBsAg had no significant relationships with those viral replicative markers. These findings suggest that the expression of pre-S antigens is intimately related to the expression of HBsAg and that they are not useful as markers of viral replication. The ratios between the titers of pre-S antigens and HBsAg tended to be high in patients with chronic active hepatitis and high aminotransferase levels. This finding may have been due to the hepatic release of pre-S antigens, over-production of which may have some relationship to liver injury.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Detection of antibodies against the polymerase gene product in hepatitis B virus infection.

We have studied antibodies (anti-pol antibody) against the polymerase gene product of hepatitis B virus by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using synthetic peptides coded for by this gene. Sera from six patients with acute hepatitis B, 112 chronic hepatitis B virus carriers and six healthy individuals with naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis B virus were tested for anti-pol antibody. In acute hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody was detected in three of six patients. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody was detected in 17 of 29 (59%), in 23 of 33 (70%) of cirrhotic patients and in 18 of 24 (75%) patients with cirrhosis complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with 4 of 19 (21%) asymptomatic carriers and 2 of 7 (29%) patients with chronic persistent hepatitis. Titers of anti-pol antibody were higher in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma than in patients with chronic active hepatitis. The presence of anti-pol antibody, however, had no relationship with hepatitis B virus-associated DNA polymerase activities and other viral replicative markers. As for sera from six healthy individuals with naturally acquired immunity to hepatitis B virus, two (33%) were positive for anti-pol antibody. These results indicate that the immune response toward the polymerase gene product is induced during acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In chronic hepatitis B virus infection, anti-pol antibody may serve as a new marker indicative of a long period of hepatitis B virus-induced hepatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in development of hepatic injury in galactosamine-sensitized mice.

Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine, at doses of 0.2 micrograms/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively, elicited massive hepatic necrosis within 24 hr in C3H/HeN mice. The plasma L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT, E.C. 2.6.1.2) or L-aspartate aminotransferase (AST, E.C. 2.6.1.1) activities at this point reached more than 2,000 IU/L. However, overt hepatic injury as evaluated by the plasma aminotransferase activities did not develop in mice in which only lipopolysaccharide or only D-galactosamine was injected. No tumor necrosis factor-like activities could be detected in the plasma of galactosamine- and lipopolysaccharide-injected mice as determined by the assay of cytotoxicity to highly tumor necrosis factor-sensitive L-P3 cells through the experimental period of 24 hr. However, passive immunization against mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha with polyvalent rabbit anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha antiserum, which was able to neutralize the cytotoxic effects of recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha on L-P3 cells, could protect the mice from the development of hepatic injury in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha, instead of lipopolysaccharide, with 800 mg/kg of D-galactosamine in lipopolysaccharide-resistant C3H/HeJ mice sensitized the animals more than one thousand-fold to the development of hepatic injury. The livers appeared to be morphologically similar to those of galactosamine- and lipopolysaccharide-injected C3H/HeN mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗

PubMed1990

Pathophysiology and postnatal outcome of fetal hydrocephalus.

At the National Kagawa Children's or Kobe University Hospital, 24 cases of fetal hydrocephalus were managed between 1982 and 1988. There were 8 simple, 11 dysgenetic, and 5 secondary cases of hydrocephalus, and the fetal age at diagnosis ranged between 24 and 40 weeks of gestation (average 33.4 weeks). All were diagnosed using ultrasonography, with either magnetic resonance imaging or whole-body computed tomography, additionally performed in 10 patients to determine their usefulness in evaluating the morphology. Four patients underwent transabdominal or transvaginal cephalocentesis in the prenatal period and intracranial pressure was measured during the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in two of these. Postnatal outcome was analyzed for each type of hydrocephalus. The results suggested that in such cases the fetal brain is subjected to extremely high intracranial pressures resulting from a mixture of hydrocephalic pressure and intermittent uterine constriction. Immediately after birth, the biparietal diameter was found to be increased by an average of 7.7 mm and the hydrocephalic state was transformed into the neonatal type characterized by macrocephaly and a relatively low intracranial pressure. Overall mortality was 25% and 16 of the 24 infants underwent the postnatal shunt procedure, largely at the neonatal stage. The follow-up period varied from 4 months to 6 years (average, 25.8 months for nonfatal cases) and the mean intelligence or developmental quotient was 45.2. There were no significant differences in postnatal outcome between the three major types of fetal hydrocephalus. Findings revealed that the length of the gestation period after the diagnosis of hydrocephalus has a significant effect on outcome (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗

PubMed1990

Massive congenital intracranial teratoma diagnosed in utero.

The authors describe a case of congenital intracranial teratoma. The patient was diagnosed to be hydrocephalic at 29 weeks' gestation, and to have a huge intraventricular mass lesion at 34 weeks' gestation. Subsequently, the patient underwent subtotal resection of the mass, resulting in a significant decrease in the remarkably elevated alpha-fetoprotein in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Histological analysis revealed a malignant teratoma, also with alpha-fetoprotein-positive elements in the immunohistochemical study.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1990

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of activated macrophage-mediated hepatitis in mice.

The possible involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the pathogenesis of an experimentally induced hepatitis was investigated. Balb/c mice were primed with Propionibacterium acnes to induce the infiltration of mononuclear cells into the liver. Immunohistochemical study showed that most of the accumulated mononuclear cells at 7 days were Mac-2 positive, suggesting that they were activated macrophages. An injection of lipopolysaccharide resulted in massive hepatic necrosis and high mortality in the mice within 24 hours. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity initially rose sharply and then declined over 3 hours. The increase in plasma aminotransferase activity correlated well with the elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity. Pretreatment with dexamethasone or 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 attenuated not only the elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha activity but also the increase in plasma aminotransferase activity and improved the survival rate. Passive immunization against tumor necrosis factor-alpha showed protective effects. These findings suggest that tumor necrosis factor-alpha released from activated macrophages may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this murine hepatitis.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗

PubMed1990

Involvement of leukotriene C4 in PAF-induced death in mice.

The role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathogenesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced death in mice was reinvestigated, since previously reported results are in conflict. A novel 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, E6080, and a leukotriene antagonist, LY17883, protected mice from PAF-induced death in a dose-dependent manner, while the well-known 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, was less effective than E6080. After the intravenous injection of PAF in mice, immunoreactive leukotriene C4 (i-LTC4), which was co-eluted with authentic LTC4 in HPLC, was significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Oral administration of E6080 suppressed the increase in i-LTCM4. The results suggest that LTs may play an important role in PAF-induced lethality in mice.

Acetophenones↗

PubMed1990

A possible Japanese male case of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease.

A boy with an abnormal auditory brain stem response showing only a wave I-II pattern, congenital nystagmus, psycho-motor retardation, pyramidal tract signs and muscular hypotonia was reported. The auditory brain stem response, short latency somatosensory-evoked potential, somatosensory-evoked potential and visual-evoked potential indicated an intramedullary disorder of conduction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked high signal intensity of the cerebral white matter in T2-weighted images, suggesting hypomyelination. A muscle biopsy specimen showed neurogenic changes with mild myogenic changes.

Brain↗

PubMed1990

Effects of the partial beta 1-adrenergic agonist, xamoterol, on hemodynamics and regional myocardial function during acute coronary occlusion in dogs.

Xamoterol is a partial beta 1-adrenergic agonist that has combined beta 1-stimulating and beta 1-blocking actions. We studied the effects of xamoterol on hemodynamics and regional left ventricular (LV) function after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in eight anesthetized dogs. Left ventricular systolic wall thickening (%WT: sonomicrometry) was measured in nonischemic, marginal, and ischemic zones. Xamoterol (350 micrograms/kg i.v.) increased the maximum LV pressure (dP/dt) by 62% and aortic flow (AOF) by 52% and decreased LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) but did not change heart rate (HR) and peak LV pressure (LVP). Xamoterol increased %WT in nonischemic (23.6 +/- 2.3 to 35.1 +/- 2.6%, p less than 0.05) and marginal (5.0 +/- 0.6 to 12.0 +/- 1.5%, p less than 0.05), but not in the ischemic region [-5.7 +/- 0.7 to -2.7 +/- 0.3%, not significant (NS)]. The beta 1-blocking action of xamoterol was evaluated. Xamoterol significantly attenuated the increase in HR and maximum dP/dt caused by isoproterenol (0.1 microgram/kg/min). %WT in each region was maintained at the level caused by xamoterol after isoproterenol. Thus, xamoterol improved cardiac function, yet prevented excessive stimulation by catecholamine in the presence of acute myocardial ischemia.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1990

True malignant mixed tumor of the submandibular gland.

A case of true malignant mixed tumor of the submandibular gland is reported. The submandibular tumor, occurring in a 52-year-old man, started to grow rapidly after a long history without any change in size. Surgical resection was carried out and the resected tumor measured 5.5 cm with a cut surface showing mixed solid structures. Microscopically, the tumor had both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements, the former consisting of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with squamous cell differentiation and the latter consisting of osteosarcoma with chondrosarcomatous and fibrosarcomatous elements. A remnant of benign pleomorphic adenoma could also be identified. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated keratin and epithelial membrane antigen in the carcinoma cells and vimentin in all elements of the osteosarcoma. It is assumed from these clinical and histological findings that the tumor had transformed from a pre-existing benign pleomorphic adenoma.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed1990

Change of left atrial systolic pressure waveform in relation to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

The relation between the left atrial systolic pressure waveform and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was observed in 17 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were simultaneously recorded from a multisensor catheter before and during angiotensin infusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were 133 +/- 17 and 12.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and increased to 168 +/- 18 (p less than 0.01) and 19.4 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The left atrial systolic pressure curve consisted of two positive waves--a first wave (A) and a second wave (A'). The A and A' wave pressures were 11.6 +/- 2.3 and 10.2 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and 16.5 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01) and 18.1 +/- 4.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The ratio of A'/A of left atrial systolic pressure was 0.81 +/- 0.27 before angiotensin infusion and 1.08 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01) during infusion. The ratio of A' to A of left atrial systolic pressure was linearly related to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before and during (p less than 0.01) angiotensin infusion. The amplitude of the A wave exceeded that of the A' wave at normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. However, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased either at rest or during angiotensin infusion, the amplitude of the A' wave increased and often exceeded that of the A wave. These results suggest that the second (A') wave might be attributed to the increased reflection associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Kinetic studies on drug disposition in rabbits. II. Dose dependent pharmacokinetics of sulfamethizole.

In order to evaluate dose-dependent sulfamethizole (SMZ) kinetics, 100, 300 and 1000 mg of SMZ was constantly infused over 5 min in rabbits and thereafter plasma and urine samples were collected at convenient intervals. When a dose of 100 mg was given, the time course of total plasma concentration followed a biexponential characteristic. For higher doses, plasma decay curves revealed a convex descending feature after the distribution phase. The respective unbound fraction in plasma (fp) at the total plasma concentrations of 200 and 100 micrograms/ml were 0.41 and 0.19. The corresponding total body clearances were 2.6 and 2.2 l/h, indicating that the drug elimination did not contribute to the convex-descending plasma curves. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was adapted to various tissue levels of SMZ. No saturable tissue binding was observed and the apparent volume of distribution of SMZ at steady state with a rabbit of 3.3 kg, Vss (1), calculated by tissue volumes and partition coefficients of tissue to unbound plasma was expressed as follows: Vss = 0.14 + 1.86fp. From this relationship, it was shown that the apparent volume of distribution of SMZ was significantly affected by the unbound fraction in plasma and the dose-dependent kinetics after intravenous administration was due to the decrease of the apparent volume of distribution with time. The tissue distribution study contributed significantly to the understanding of the dose-dependent drug kinetics.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Kinetic studies on drug disposition in rabbits. III. Effect of tolbutamide on renal excretion of sulfamethizole.

The effect of tolbutamide (TB) on the urinary excretion of sulfamethizole (SMZ) under constant infusion of SMZ at 100 mg/h was studied. Intravenous administration of TB (50 mg/kg) caused a decrease in the urinary excretion rate of SMZ but an increase in the unbound concentration of SMZ in plasma. The total concentration of SMZ in plasma decreased rapidly after TB injection and then increased gradually to a level higher than the control. The slope of the terminal phase of the unbound concentration of TB in plasma in the presence of SMZ was significantly smaller than that of TB alone. The analysis using the perfusion limited model showed that the elimination kinetics of SMZ in the presence of TB could be described by the mutual displacement of plasma protein binding of both drugs and the competitive inhibition of the tubular secretion of SMZ by the unbound concentration of TB in renal vein. Further the inhibitor constant was in good agreement with that for the in vitro uptake by renal cortex slices.

Animals↗