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Biomedical subjects

K Katayama

Publications and source records attributed to K Katayama.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of l-menthol on the permeation of indomethacin, mannitol and cortisone through excised hairless mouse skin.

The effect of l-menthol on the skin permeability of mannitol, cortisone or indomethacin was examined by an in vitro penetration technique with hairless mouse skin. The donor solution was prepared with phosphate buffered saline, ethanol:buffered saline (20:80, v/v) or ethanol:buffered saline (20:80, v/v) containing 1% (w/v) l-menthol. Although ethanol showed little enhancing effect, l-menthol in an aqueous ethanol vehicle at pH 7.4 increased the permeability coefficients of mannitol and indomethacin by about 100 times that of the control (an aqueous vehicle) and increased that of cortisone by about 10 times. l-Menthol, however, scarcely enhanced the penetration of indomethacin at pH 3.0, the majority of the species being in unionized form. These results suggested that the menthol-ethanol-aqueous system enhanced skin permeability through a direct effect on the polar and/or lipid pathways, while the thermodynamic activity of the penetrant molecule in the delivery vehicle might also influence the effectiveness of the penetration enhancer.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1992

[Studies on the baths with crude drug: the effects of Senkyu extract as skin penetration enhancer].

The effects of Senkyu (Cnidii Rhizoma and Ligustici chuanxiong Rhizoma) on the drug skin penetration were studied to clarify its effectivity as the baths. Ether and methanol extracts, and some essential oils of Senkyu (i.e. ligustilide, neocnidilide and butylidenephthalide) enhanced remarkably the skin penetration of benzoic acid. Furthermore, an appreciable correlation between the enhancing ratio and the skin/donor partition coefficient of benzoic acid was observed. These facts suggest that the constituents of Senkyu influence the skin penetration by enhancing the partition coefficient.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Effect of the combination of anticoagulant and thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (Y-20811) or receptor blockade (S-1452) on preventing thrombotic cyclic coronary flow reduction in dogs with coronary stenosis.

We examined the hypothesis that combined actions of anticoagulant (heparin) and Y-20811, thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor (TXSI), or S-1452, receptor blockade (TXRB), can provide better antithrombotic protection than TXSI or TXRB alone. In 20 of 33 dogs instrumented, placement of a critical stenosis at a focus of coronary vascular injury initiated a reproducible cyclic coronary flow reduction (CCFR). TXSI (1 mg/kg, IV) perfectly inhibited CCFR in 6 of 10 dogs (60%), and was associated with a significant decrease in 11-dehydro-TXB2 (85 +/- 8% of control; p < 0.05) and an increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (155 +/- 38%; p < 0.05) in coronary sinus blood samples. In the remaining 4 dogs, additional administration of heparin (2000 IU) completely abolished CCFR. On the other hand, TXRB (1 mg/kg, IV) perfectly inhibited CCFR in 7 of 10 dogs (70%), and was accompanied by a significant increase in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (214 +/- 65%; p < 0.05) and unchanged TXB2 level. In the remaining 3 dogs, additional administration of heparin (2000 IU) completely abolished CCFR. Thus, the combination of anticoagulant and TXSI or TXRB were more effective than TXSI or TXRB alone in abolishing thrombotic CCFR, suggesting that the combination might be effective for treating patients with impending myocardial infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Dynamic determinants of left ventricular early diastolic filling in old myocardial infarction.

The determinants of left ventricular early diastolic filling were assessed in 15 patients with old myocardial infarction. The left atrial pressure (LAP) and left ventricular pressure (LVP) were simultaneously measured by a Millar's multisensor micromanometer with the pusled Doppler mitral inflow velocity at baseline and during angiotensin infusion (20 ng/kg/min). Cardiac output was measured by a thermodilution method. LV peak systolic pressure and end-diastolic pressure were significantly (p less than 0.001) increased during angiotensin infusion from 137 +/- 19 to 170 +/- 21 mmHg and from 13.3 +/- 5.9 to 20.4 +/- 6.2 mmHg, respectively. Cardiac index was significantly decreased during angiotensin infusion. Heart rate, diastolic time, and peak positive dP/dt were unchanged. Although the LA-LV peak pressure gradient[(LAP-LVP) max] was unchanged (from 2.8 +/- 1.0 to 3.0 +/- 1.4 mmHg), the pressure gradient interval (the interval between the first and second points of transmitral pressure crossover) was significantly (p less than 0.001) decreased from 154 +/- 38 to 117 +/- 26 msec during angiotensin infusion. Peak early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (peak E) and the time-velocity integral of E wave (Ei) were significantly decreased during angiotensin infusion from 51 +/- 10 to 45 +/- 11 cm/sec (p less than 0.002) and from 7.47 +/- 1.96 to 5.70 +/- 1.66 cm (p less than 0.001), respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of maternal thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy in threatened abortion.

To evaluate a possible role of thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy, serum levels of thyroid hormones, TSH and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in 32 patients with a clinical diagnosis of threatened abortion were compared between two groups of patients with favorable and unfavorable pregnancy outcome. Serum levels of T4, T3, free T4 and free T3 levels determined at the onset of clinical signs of threatened abortion were found to be significantly lower in patients (N = 11) who subsequently aborted compared to patients (N = 21) who did not. Serum TSH levels did not differ between the two groups. Serum TBG levels in the patients who subsequently aborted were lower compared to patients with favorable pregnancy outcome. Furthermore, serum levels of T4 and T3 at the onset of threatened abortion in patients who subsequently did not abort were significantly higher compared to levels before pregnancy, whereas little increase in serum T4 and T3 levels relative to the pregnant levels was observed at the onset of clinical signs in the patients who subsequently aborted. These data imply a possible role of thyroid hormones in maintaining early pregnancy, and suggest that maternal serum level of thyroid hormone may be one of the endocrine factors responsible for the outcome of threatened abortion.

Abortion, Threatened↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis B core antigen-specific interferon gamma production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.

To examine the relationship between hepatitis B core antigen-specific interferon gamma production and the liver injury, we measured the sequential change in this production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of seven patients with chronic hepatitis B. Four patients who experienced acute exacerbation showed increased interferon gamma production when the serum alanine aminotransferase level peaked or during the recovery phase. In the three patients who did not experience acute exacerbation, interferon gamma production gradually decreased in one who had a low peak of alanine aminotransferase but did not show significant change in the other two. Increased production of hepatitis B core antigen-specific interferon gamma at the time of acute exacerbation suggests that interferon gamma induced by hepatitis B core antigen plays a role in hepatocellular injury of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

The association of serum hepatitis C virus RNA with serum aminotransferase activities.

Serum samples from 71 patients with hepatitis C virus infection at various stages were studied to determine the clinical significance of the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by the polymerase chain reaction. There was a significant correlation of serum HCV RNA with elevation of the serum aminotransferase levels. These data suggest that the detection of HCV RNA in the serum might be useful for evaluation of the extent of ongoing liver damage.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Postoperative arterial infusion chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma].

We performed arterial infusion chemotherapy by injection of adriamycin plus Lipiodol after radical hepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for prevention of tumor recurrence. The clinical studies showed that the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative disease free rates were 87.5, 73.4, 52.4, 37.7% and 37.7% in patients with this chemotherapy, and 76.1, 46.5, 30.4, 30.4% and 30.4%, respectively in those without this chemotherapy, indicating a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between these two groups. This method of chemotherapy was particularly effective for patients with vascular involvement, intrahepatic metastasis or tumors more than 3cm in diameter.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[DNA ploidy pattern of flow cytometry as indicator of degrees of malignancy and prognosis in colorectal cancers].

Cellular DNA content of primary colorectal cancers was measured by flow cytometry and investigated on clinico-pathological features to elucidate the relationship between DNA ploidy patterns and outcomes. IN 144 colorectal carcinomas, DNA diploid carcinomas accounted for 23% and DNA aneuploid carcinomas for 77%. NO significant difference was observed between DNA ploidy pattern and tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis or lympangial invasion. DNA aneuploid tumor had a tendency to invade vein and to lead to hematogenic metastasis. Patients with DNA aneuploid tumor showed a significantly poor disease-free and overall survival rate. Significantly increased incidence of hematogenic recurrence was demonstrated in the DNA aneuploid cases. These results suggest that the DNA ploidy pattern of colorectal cancers may prove to be of prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy and esophageal transection].

We investigated the effects of EIS and esophageal transection on treatment of esophageal varices and the late result of EIS treatment group with that of surgical treatment group. One hundred and forty-seven patients underwent esophageal transection and 244 patients injection sclerotherapy in our institute. 1. The 5-year cumulative survival rate in patients with EIS was 58%, while 62% in those with transection. 2. Judging from the findings of varices after treatment which showed the negative red color sign, or changes from F2 or F3 to F1, the effect of two methods were 72% in operation group and 73% in EIS group, respectively. 3. There was no significant difference in the rates of rebleeding between EIS (7.8%) and operation (10.2%) groups. 4. Prognosis of esophageal varices treated with EIS or operation was considered to depend on the Child's classification. We conclude that endoscopic sclerotherapy should be considered to be the first choice of treatment for esophageal varices.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Pharmacokinetic studies of continuous and bolus intraportal 5-fluorouracil infusion].

We studied the pharmacokinetics of continuous and bolus intraportal 5-FU infusion. In continuous intraportal infusion group, 20 mg/kg of 5-FU was infused into ileocecal vein for an hour and the same dose was infused bolusly in bolus intraportal infusion group. Blood samples were collected from portal vein continuously and liver specimens were obtained continuously. The rabbits were sacrificed at 180 minutes from the start of infusion of 5-FU and small intestine was obtained. The results were as follows: A significantly higher concentration of 5-FU in the portal vein was observed in the continuous intraportal infusion group compared with the one-shot infusion group. But the elimination rate of 5-FU was more rapid after cessation of infusion in the continuous infusion group. The rate of FdUMP elimination in the liver tended to be lower in bolus intraportal infusion. The FdUMP concentration in the small intestine was higher in the continuous intraportal infusion group than in the bolus infusion group. In the continuous intraportal infusion group, the FdUMP concentration in the liver was lower than in the small intestine. This depended on the effect of the 5-FU catabolic enzyme, dihydrouracil dehydrogenase, which is contained in the liver in large quantities. The results suggest that in order to increase the FdUMP concentration in the liver with continuous intraportal 5-FU infusion, suppression of the effect of this enzyme is necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[ICU syndrome].

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Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Protective effects of (2E)-3-[5-(2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4- benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2-propenoic acid on endotoxin-mediated hepatitis in mice.

E3330 [(2E)-3-[5-(2,3-dimethoxy-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinoyl)]-2-nonyl-2- propenoic acid] is a newly synthesized hepatoprotective quinone derivative. We examined the protective effects and possible mechanism of action of E3330 in three different endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)-induced murine hepatitis models, in which tumor necrosis factor is suggested to play a critical role in the pathogenesis. One of these models was induced by i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide in combination with D-galactosamine to mice. Oral pretreatment with E3330 improved the survival rate and attenuated the increase in plasma aminotransferase activities of the survivors. The other two models were induced by i.v. injection of lipopolysaccharide or a mixture of D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide in Propionibacterium acnes-primed mice. In both of these models, tumor necrosis factor was detected in the plasma within 3 hr of the injection. Oral pretreatment with E3330 attenuated the elevation of plasma tumor necrosis factor activity and protected mice from liver injury. Furthermore, E3330 inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor from cultured Propionibacterium acnes-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide in vitro. These findings suggest that the inhibition by E3330 of tumor necrosis factor production is the major mechanism of the protective effect of E3330 in these endotoxin-mediated hepatitis models in mice.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

Regulation of extracellular matrix production by chemically synthesized subfragments of type I collagen carboxy propeptide.

The complete COOH-propeptide of human alpha 1(I) procollagen was chemically synthesized as a series of overlapping subfragments which were then tested for their effect on extracellular matrix protein production by subconfluent human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1). One peptide (R11; residues 197-241) stimulated production of both collagen and fibronectin by 6-8-fold while a second peptide with a partial overlap with R11 (R9; residues 182-216) enhanced collagen accumulation. The peptide R12 (residues 197-216), which has a sequence common to both R9 and R11, also stimulated collagen production, suggesting that this 20-residues peptide alone contains the required structure for activity. The other synthetic peptides, R1-R13, were inactive in their ability to alter collagen or fibronectin production. Consistent with previously published data, the COOH-terminal peptide, R14, inhibited extracellular matrix production [Aycock, R.A., Raghow, R., Stricklin, G.P., Seyer, J.M., & Kang, A.H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 14355-14360]. Both R9 and R11 preferentially stimulated production of collagen types I and III and fibronectin in dose-dependent manner. Elevated collagen and fibronectin production was evident at 4-h posttreatment, and maximal enhancement was seen at 8 h after exposure to peptides. Interestingly, subconfluent cultures of HFL-1 fibroblasts responded vigorously to the stimulatory action of R9 and R11 while confluent cells failed to show any response. Steady-state levels of messenger RNAs encoding type I procollagen and fibronectin were not measurably altered by treatment with R9 or R11, suggesting that the regulation of procollagens and fibronectin by these peptides involves posttranscriptional mechanisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Signal transduction pathways in the induction of HLA class I antigen expression on Huh 6 cells by interferon-gamma.

This study investigated the intracellular signal transduction regulating the appearance of HLA class I antigens on Huh 6 cells induced by interferon-gamma. The expression was blocked by a protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, but not by a calmodulin antagonist, W-7, nor by a protein kinase A inhibitor, H-8, at low dose. The antigen expression was induced by a direct activator of protein kinase C, phorbol myristate acetate, but not by calcium ionophore A23187 nor an analog of cAMP, dbcAMP. Therefore, we concluded that protein kinase C is involved in the expression of HLA class I antigens on Huh 6 cells induced by interferon-gamma but Ca(2+)-calmodulin and cAMP are not.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1991

Mechanism of augmented left atrial pump function in myocardial infarction and essential hypertension evaluated by left atrial pressure-dimension relation.

To analyze left atrial (LA) pump function in normal subjects, in patients with essential hypertension and in patients with a healed myocardial infarction, LA dimension (aortic-root echogram) and pressure (catheter-tip manometer) were simultaneously recorded in 25 patients (8 normal subjects, 7 with hypertension and 10 with myocardial infarction). The pressure-dimension relation of the left atrium was composed of 2 loops: the A loop (expressing the pump function of the left atrium) and the V loop. LA dimension at the beginning of active LA shortening was significantly greater in hypertensive subjects (33 +/- 3 mm) and in those with myocardial infarction (32 +/- 4 mm) than in normal subjects (28 +/- 3 mm) (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively). The area of the A loop significantly increased in subjects with hypertension (48 +/- 3 mm Hg.mm, p less than 0.01) and in subjects with myocardial infarction (29 +/- 10 mm Hg.mm, p less than 0.05), compared with normal subjects (20 +/- 8 mm Hg.mm). The mean fractional shortening velocity of the left atrium significantly increased in subjects with hypertension, compared with normal subjects and those with myocardial infarction (p less than 0.05 for both). LA peak wall tension during the LA active contraction period significantly increased with hypertension and with myocardial infarction, compared with normal subjects (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, respectively). The area of the A loop was directly proportional to the LA dimension at the beginning of active LA shortening (r = 0.53), p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗