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Biomedical subjects

K Karrer

Publications and source records attributed to K Karrer.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Results of the first Austrian multicenter ovarian cancer study: prospective randomized comparison of sequential chemotherapy (adriamycin/cisplatin--vincristine/cyclophosphamide--methotrexate) with 2 standard protocols (adriamycin/cyclophosphamide or adriamycin/cisplatin) in stage III and IV patients].

From June 1980 to December 1982 164 patients with ovarian cancer stage III and IV were randomized into the three-legged Austrian Ovarian Cancer Study. A new polychemotherapy, known as the "changing-scheme" (adriamycin/cisplatinum--vincristine/cyclophosphamide--high dose methotrexate), developed in Vienna, was compared with adriamycin/cyclophosphamide and adriamycin/cisplatinum. The risk factors were stratified by means of special computer-assisted randomization. The first study evaluation in 1982 showed a significant advantage for the changing-scheme with regard to recurrence-free interval and survival (Mantel test: p less than 0.01, Breslow test: p less than 0.03). No difference was found between the combinations of adriamycin/cyclophosphamide and adriamycin/cisplatinum. At the second study evaluation in June 1984 the differences previously observed were no longe present to the same significant extent. The changing-scheme continued to be superior for the subgroups of patients with highly differentiated tumors, without ascites, with larger postoperative tumor burden and with liver metastases. The use of this therapy is be recommended for women with advanced ovarian cancer, especially in consideration of the much lower toxicity caused by the less frequent cisplatinum administrations as compared to the adriamycin/cisplatinum combination.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

[Results of the 1st Austrian ovarian cancer study: prospective randomized comparison of a new sequential chemotherapy with 2 standard regimens in 150 stage III and IV patients].

The results of a randomized trial of 150 patients, who were either treated with 6 cycles of adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) or a combination of adriamycin (40 mg/m2) and cis-platin (50 mg/m2) or a combination of a cross-over regime: adriamycin (40 mg/my day 1), cisplatin (100 mg/my day 2), vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 day 28), cyclophosphamide (1.500 mg/m2 day 25), methotrexate (1.000 mg/m2 day 56) (a total of 2 cycles) are summarized forthwith. The longest mean survival times were obtained in the cross-over regime (19.6 months). The patients with highly differentiated tumors benefited most from this type of chemotherapy: mean survival time 26.3 months as opposed to 17.6 months.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1984

Micronucleus-specific DNA sequences in an amicronucleate mutant of Tetrahymena.

DNA from the amicronucleate Tetrahymena cell line BI3840 was probed for DNA sequences which are limited to the micronucleus in wild-type cells. Four micronucleus-specific DNA sequences were not detectable in DNA from the amicronucleate cell line. Two of the six micronucleus-specific DNA sequences tested hybridized to DNA from amicronucleate cells. Both the number of fragments homologous to these sequences and the intensity of hybridization were reduced in the DNA from the amicronucleate cells relative to DNA from a wild-type cell line, indicating that less than one micronucleus equivalent of the micronucleus-specific DNA sequences was retained in the amicronucleate cell line. Thus many micronucleus-specific DNA sequences were eliminated from the developing macronucleus of BI3840 as they are in wild-type cells, but in at least two cases the elimination was incomplete. In situ hybridization suggested that the DNA sequences which are limited to the micronucleus in wild-type cells are present in the macronucleus of the amicronucleate cell line. Southern blots of DNA from the amicronucleate cell line were also probed with DNA sequences which are retained in the macronucleus. At least two types of genome rearrangements occurred in the BI3840 macronucleus as they do in wild-type cells. No spurious rearrangements were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Estrogen - and gestagen - receptors in ovarian carcinoma.

Estrogen (ER) - and progestagen (PgR) - receptors were estimated by a DCC method using Scatchard plot analysis In tissue samples of 68 patients with ovarian carcinomas. The mean ER and PgR levels were at 52 and 74 fmol/mg cytosol protein, respectively. ER+ PgR+ records were noted in 32.4%, ER+ PgR- in 26.4%, ER- PgR+ in 7.4%, and 33.8% presented with ER- PgR-. In the surviving group 44.1% had Er+ PgR+, whereas the patients who died had an incidence of only 20.5% ER+ PgR+. In addition, the incidences of ER+ PgR+ in stage I plus II and stage III plus IV patients were 42.6 and 29.5%, respectively. Furthermore, higher incidences of ER+ PgR+ were recorded in patients older than 60 years of age (63%) than in younger subjects (36%). The present data combine to suggest that receptor assays should become a useful tool in the management of patients bearing ovarian carcinomas. In addition, ER and PgR determinations provide a prognostic index and may improve the possibility to predict which well-differentiated stage I ovarian carcinomas are likely to recur.

Female↗
PubMed1982

[Prevention of recurrence of small-cell lung cancer by adjuvant polychemotherapy (author's transl)].

No significant further improvement can be awaited in the results of purely surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoma. As from 1969--after preliminary studies--patients with bronchial carcinoma were treated by radical surgery and subsequently assigned within the framework of a randomized cooperative study, to a three-year course of intermittent high-dose polychemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, MTX and Velbe). A comparison according to the life-table method of the death rate of patients with small-cell bronchial carcinoma treated by combined polychemotherapy after surgery vis-à-vis those who received no polychemotherapy shows a rise of about 15% in the 4-year survival rate. This clear-cut improvement in survival rate emphasizes the fact that the radical operation is also indicated in these tumour forms and that the results of high-dose polychemotherapy are improved with this particular combination. With a view to confirmation and further improvement, a large international working group was established and has already submitted initial positive results concerning the applicability of a new alternating chemotherapeutic schedule. It is pointed out that the initial impetus towards undertaking such studies was given by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wolfgang Denk already in 1954 and that the consistent continuation of this combined inter-disciplinary approach to the therapy of bronchial carcinoma is founded on his scientific foresight and organisational achievements.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1982

[Results of a comparative therapy study for inoperable lung cancer].

In a prospective randomized study 78 selected patients with bronchogenic cancer have been included, and five different treatment modalities have been compared (1. Biologic therapy; 2. Vitamin A + Cytoxan; 3. Vitamin A + Telecobalt irradiation; 4. Telecobalt irradiation; 5. Immunotherapy). No significant differences if survival times between the different groups have been observed. Nevertheless, significant differences of survival times were found between small cell and squamous cell carcinoma patients without respect to the therapy applied. The highest number of remissions was obtained by therapy 3, followed by 4 and 2. Consequences for further studies are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Combination of surgery and polychemotherapy for cure in early small-cell bronchial carcinoma.

In 1969 a cooperative randomized two arm study of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was started. Within three years after the operation the polychemotherapy was given intermittently using a combination of cyclophosphamid + 5-FU + MTX + vinblastin. From a total of 859 patients operated for cure preliminary evaluations per 1.3.1981 found 53 patients with small cell type carcinomas. An increase of the 3-year survival rate of 13 per cent shows a clear positive therapeutic effect. This also demonstrates the importance of surgery even on small cell bronchogenic carcinoma by decreasing the tumor burden. To evaluate wether or not the number of long-term survivors can be increased furthermore, a new randomized trial was started in 1979 to compare the polychemotherapy used with a new designed intermittent polychemotherapy-schedule using alternating cyclophosphamid + CCNU + MTX, there after cyclophosphamid + adriamycin + vincristin and there after ifosfamid + VP-16; then radiation therapy and there after repeating the whole sequence.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Epidemiology and malignant tumours (author's transl)].

Epidemiology is considered as an important tool in the assessment of data to predict the work load of hospitals and the public health service. These prospective measurements can best be made on the basis of the regional cancer registers which comprise all cancer patients in the whole population. A second aim of epidemiology is the incrimination and description of carcinogenic factors in the environment and risk factors based on the mode of life of the population. Results on pollution of the environment with carcinogenic substances industrial hazards from carcinogenic substances and also possible mechanisms of exogenously-caused carcinogenesis are discussed. A further important need lies in the calculation of the prognosis of various malignant diseases and staging for clinical purposes. This is, furthermore, the basis for the evaluation of therapeutic management and the evaluation of the effectiveness of methods used to improve early diagnosis. Further aims are the estimation of an increase or decrease in incidence rates of various cancer types in comparison with previous survey periods, from which important prognoses as regards future cancer incidence rates can be drawn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Hematological observations in patients following immunostimulation through intrapleural application of Corynebacterium parvum].

The Ludwig Lung Cancer Study Group aims to investigate the role of immunotherapy as adjuvant treatment modality in operable non-small cell bronchial carcinoma. The participants are 12 european clinics and institutes. With a proven accrual of 350 patients per year the group offers a sharp tool in clinical oncology with regards to bronchial carcinoma. The accrual phase of the first trial was closed on February 2, 1979 with 475 patients, starting a new protocol on February 5, 1979. The ongoing randomized clinical trial aims to determine if intrapleural administration of corynebacterium parvum (c. p.) can increase the tumor recurrence-free interval or increase survival. Furthermore the study aims to identify high and low risk patient subgroups after biological and immunological investigations. The possibility of giving c. p. intrapleurally in humans was investigated in a phase-I-toxicity study. A dose of 7 mg has been adopted for the clinical trial since this dose combines a measureable systemic effect (increase of leucocyte and monocyte counts) with acceptable toxicity. The main morbidity was fever, flu-like symptoms and chest pain.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

[Initial experiences with a nation-wide Austrian study of adjuvant chemo- and immunotherapy of colorectal cancer following radical surgery].

The outline of a cooperative study for adjuvant Chemo-Immunotherapy on radically operated Colon-Rectum-Carcinoma, is presented. One group of patients receiving Placebo, has to be randomized against another group who postoperatively received Chemo-Immunotherapy consisting of 5-Fluorouracil and CCNU and Corynebacterium parvum, which was administered intermittently, throughout one year. Patients with Rectum-Carcinoma additionally receive radio-therapy with 1500 rad HD before surgery and 4500--5000 rad HD postoperatively with Cobalt-60. The central documentation, and randomization, is provided at the Institute for Cancer Research of the University of Vienna.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Pharmacology of DTIC (author's transl)].

DTIC, a new cytostatic drug developed by the NCI-USA, is described and some relevant pharmacological characteristics are defined. This drug was proved to be the number one choice for the treatment of malignant melanoma and of sarcomas. It also appears to be of value in advanced cases of Hodgkins disease. DTIC represents a very valuable addition to the available drugs for chemotherapy of malignant tumours.

Animals↗