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Biomedical subjects

K Kaneko

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneko.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Early gastric stump cancer following distal gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Gastric stump cancer (GSC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and consequently the prognosis is poor. AIMS: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of GSC at an early stage to assist in its identification, and thereby improve its prognosis. METHODS: Forty three patients with resected early GSC were compared with 156 patients with resected primary early cancer in the upper third of the stomach. RESULTS: Sixty five per cent (28/43) of the early GSC patients showed the elevated type endoscopically, although the frequency of the depressed type in GSC has tended to increase in the past five years. This occurred in less than 26% (40/156) of the primary early cancers. Half of the early GSCs were located on the lesser curvature (47%), and revealed differentiated adenocarcinoma (81%) histologically. The male:female ratio of early GSC cases was about 6:1, which was much higher than that in patients with primary early cancer. The five year survival rates of patients with early GSCs and early primary cancers were 84% and 95%, respectively. GSC had a favourable prognosis, if it was detected at an early stage. CONCLUSION: To detect early GSC, our results suggest that special attention should be given to elevated as well as depressed lesions on the lesser curvature of the stomach, particularly in men, during endoscopic examinations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Emergence of multicellular organisms with dynamic differentiation and spatial pattern.

The origin of multicellular organisms and the mechanism of development in cell societies are studied by choosing a model with intracellular biochemical dynamics allowing for oscillations, cell-cell interaction through diffusive chemicals on a two-dimensional grid, and state-dependent cell adhesion. Cells differentiate due to a dynamical instability, as described by our "isologous diversification" theory. A fixed spatial pattern of differentiated cells emerges, where spatial information is sustained by cell-cell interactions. This pattern is robust against perturbations. With an adequate cell adhesion force, active cells are release that form the seed of a new generation of multicellular organisms, accompanied by death of the original multicellular unit as a halting state. It is shown that the emergence of multicellular organisms with differentiation, regulation, and life cycle is not an accidental event, but a natural consequence in a system of replicating cells with growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Formation of water-insoluble gel in dry-coated tablets for the controlled release of theophylline.

Sodium alginate (ALNa) of a natural polysaccharide is known to form a water-insoluble gel when combined with a bivalent metal. In this study, we prepared tablets containing ALNa and calcium gluconate (GLCa) as a bivalent metal, and studied the application of the water-insoluble gel involving the controlled release of a test drug by permeation of water. Dry-coated tablets containing theophylline (TP) as a model drug, ALNa and GLCa were prepared by the dry power compression method. The controlled release of TP was evaluated by the dissolution test according to JP XIII. The release rate was extremely high for the tablets which contained only TP and GLCa. A zero order or sigmoidal release profile was observed for the tablets that contained only TP and ALNa. On the other hand, the lowest dissolution rate and a sigmoidal release profile were observed for the tablet containing TP and GLCa in its core and ALNa in its outer phase. These results suggest that dry-coated tablets containing ALNa and GLCa and prepared by the direct powder compression method would be useful for the controlled release of drugs.

Alginates↗
PubMed1998

Salmonella in broiler chickens in Thailand with special reference to contamination of retail meat with Salmonella enteritidis.

The present study was performed to assess the prevalence of Salmonella in chickens in Thailand. In 1997, 22 serovars of Salmonella were isolated from 72 of 100 chicken meat samples purchased from 10 retail markets in Bangkok and 20 of 200 chicken meat samples from one slaughterhouse for export and 19 of 285 chicken feces obtained from three farms located in the east region of Thailand. The most predominant serovar was S. Enteritidis, which was isolated from 28% of the retail chicken meat, 4.5% of the chicken meat from slaughterhouse, and 6.6% of chickens feces samples examined.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1998

Predominant serovars of Salmonella in humans and foods from Thailand.

During the period from 1993 to 1996, a total of 27,497 Salmonella isolates from humans, chicken meat, ready-to-eat Thai foods and shrimps were serotyped to know the predominant serovars of Salmonella in humans and foods in Thailand. Seventy-two and 81 serovars of Salmonella were identified in human and food samples, respectively. The significance of foods as a vehicle for human salmonellosis was discussed from an epidemiological viewpoint.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A case of Cushing's syndrome due to ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular hyperplasia associated with excessive secretion of mineralocorticoids.

A 74-year-old man developed Cushing's syndrome and hypokalemia due to ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (AIMAH) with excessive secretion of mineralocorticoid hormones. Plasma concentrations of weak mineralocorticoids were high. The increase in plasma cortisol did not have a diurnal rhythm, and was not suppressed by a high dose of dexamethasone. Plasma ACTH was undetectable, but plasma cortisol was increased by ACTH administration. The concentrations of mineralocorticoids, especially deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were increased, and augmented the response to ACTH administration. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations were rather suppressed. Both adrenal glands, with a total weight of 110 g, were enlarged and contained several macronodules. These nodules were composed of hyperplasia of small cortical cells and usual clear cells. This is a rare case of ACTH-independent bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia because there were excessive secretion of mineralocorticoid and hypokalemia.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1998

Bradykinin potentiates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and enhances insulin signal through the bradykinin B2 receptor in dog skeletal muscle and rat L6 myoblasts.

Previously we demonstrated that bradykinin infusion could increase glucose uptake into dog peripheral tissues, and that bradykinin could potentiate insulin-induced glucose uptake through glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation in dog adipocytes. However, skeletal muscle is the predominant tissue for insulin-mediated glucose disposal. The aim of this study was to determine how bradykinin affected insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in dog skeletal muscle and myotubes transformed from rat L6 myoblasts. The bradykinin receptor binding studies revealed that dog skeletal muscle and rat L6 myoblasts possessed significant numbers of bradykinin receptors (Kd = 88 and 76 pmol/l, Bmax = 82.5 and 20 fmol/mg protein respectively). An RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) amplification showed mRNA specific for bradykinin B2 receptor in both cells. Bradykinin significantly increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in isolated muscle and L6 myoblasts in the presence of insulin (10(-7) mol/l) in a dose-dependent manner, but not in the absence of insulin. Bradykinin also enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation, and insulin-induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta subunit and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) without affecting the binding affinities or numbers of cell surface insulin receptors in both cells. It is concluded that bradykinin could potentiate the insulin-induced glucose uptake through GLUT4 translocation in dog skeletal muscle and rat L6 myoblasts. This effect could be explained by the potency of bradykinin to upregulate the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity which stimulates phosphorylation of IRS-1, followed by an increase in GLUT4 translocation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Prosthetic restorations with osseointegrated implants after bone grafts to correct large jaw defects caused by extraction of multi-impacted teeth: a case report.

A case is reported of a 21-year-old Japanese man examined for unerupted molar teeth on the left side of both jaws. Intraoral examination revealed edentulous regions from the second premolar to the molar, with moderate atrophy of the upper alveolar ridge. A panoramic X-ray revealed eight impacted teeth. The impacted mandibular teeth were extracted through decortication and bone replacement. The impacted maxillary teeth were extracted following reflection of a mucoperiosteal flap. The large defects caused by the extractions in both jaws were filled with autogenous cancellous marrow and bone chips. Eleven months later, in the first stage of the Branemark implant procedure, fixtures were placed in the edentulous regions of both jaws, with simultaneous additional corticocancellous block onlay bone grafting in the maxilla to correct slight resorption. After another seven months, second-stage abutment surgery was performed. Occlusion was then restored through a prosthetic procedure. Next, orthodontic treatment was commenced, using the implant supported teeth as an anchor. Despite the slight resorption in the maxilla, implantation was successful and occlusion was restored in the previously edentulous regions. This suggests that application of a simultaneous corticocancellous block onlay bone graft is a valuable basis for implant procedures in the maxilla.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Regenerative process after experimental injury of hypoglossal nerves in guinea pigs.

The nerve regenerative process has been investigated by many studies. However, the quantification of the degree of crush of peripheral nerves has not yet been performed. The aim of this study was to determine and standardize the ligature intensity and crush level of the hypoglossal nerve of guinea pigs. The compound action potentials evoked by electric stimulation were used as an index of the degree of nerve crush. To demonstrate nerve regeneration after ligating and crushing of the right hypoglossal nerve, fluorescein isothiocynate conjugated cholera toxin-B subunit (CTb-FITC) was injected into the intact fiber of the left hypoglossal nerve, and the central side from the crushed region of the right hypoglossal nerve fiber. The total cross sectional area of the retrograde-labeled hypoglossal motoneurons was investigated under a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results of the evaluation using CTb-FITC indicated that the nerve regeneration occurred from two weeks after crush and recovered in six weeks.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

Creation and characterization of a mitochondrial DNA-depleted pancreatic beta-cell line: impaired insulin secretion induced by glucose, leucine, and sulfonylureas.

It has been proposed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in pancreatic beta-cells plays an important role in insulin secretion. To examine the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on insulin secretion, we created a MIN6 cell line that depleted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by treatment with ethidium bromide (EtBr), and studied the response of the cell line to various secretagogues. MIN6 cells cultured with 0.5 microg/ml EtBr for over 2 months (termed MIN6 deltamt cells) revealed a marked (>90%) decrease in mtDNA content and a lack of mRNAs encoded by mtDNA. MIN6 deltamt cells showed the defects of cytochrome c oxidase activity, glucose- and leucine-induced increase in cellular ATP content, and respiratory chain-driven ATP synthesis, suggesting that MIN6 deltamt cells lost oxidative phosphorylation activity due to the selective disruption of the subunits of respiratory chain enzymes encoded by mtDNA. MIN6 deltamt cells also showed a decrease in glucose utilization, suggesting the impairment of the glycolytic pathway as well. After stimulation with glucose and leucine, MIN6 deltamt cells showed no response in insulin secretion or intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). On the other hand, arginine stimulated insulin secretion and an increase in [Ca2+]i in MIN6 deltamt cells as in MIN6 cells. Glibenclamide also stimulated insulin secretion and an increase in [Ca2+]i in both types of cells, but the responses of MIN6 deltamt cells were significantly lower than those of MIN6 cells. These results suggest the importance of ATP production in insulin secretion and an increase in [Ca2+]i, both induced by glucose and leucine. Moreover, mitochondrial function turns out to be not essential but important for the activation of sulfonylurea-induced insulin secretion.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1998

Occurrence of Erysipelothrix spp. in broiler chickens at an abattoir.

From September 1995 to August 1996, 750 chickens from 66 farms sent to an abattoir in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the presence of Erysipelothrix spp. Erysipelothrix spp. were isolated from 118 (15.7%) of 750 skin samples, 27 (7.3%) of 372 hypoderm samples, 12 (1.9%) of 630 throat samples, 106 (59.2%) of 179 feather samples, and none of 257 spleen samples. Of 66 farms, 55 farms (83.3%) sent Erysipelothrix-positive chickens and 11 farms (16.7%) only negative ones. Of 297 Erysipelothrix isolates, 273 isolates were identified as Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and 24 as Erysipelothrix tonsillarum. E. rhusiopathiae isolates were serotyped into nine different serovars. Of the 273 E. rhusiopathiae isolates, 33 (11.1%) were serotyped to serovar 6; 22 (7.4%) were serovar 5; 19 (6.4%) were serovar 2; 15 (5.1%) were serovar 8; 2 (0.7%) were serovar 21; 4 each (1.3% each) were serovars 1b, 9, 12, and 19; and 178 (59.9%) were untypeable. Of 24 E. tonsillarum isolates, 15 (5.1%) were serotyped to serovar 3, and 9 (3.0%) were serovar 7. These findings indicate that chickens seem to be a potential reservoir of Erysipelothrix spp. in nature and to be a source of human Erysipelothrix infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Occurrence of Erysipelothrix spp. in chicken meat parts from a processing plant.

From March 1996 to March 1997, 153 domestic raw chicken meat samples, including 71 thigh, 50 outer breast muscle, and 32 white meat samples, from a processing plant located in a chicken abattoir in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, were examined for the presence of Erysipelothrix spp. Erysipelothrix spp. were isolated from 49 (30.0%) of the 153 chicken meat samples. Of 67 Erysipelothrix isolates, 65 and 2 isolates were identified as E rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum. E. rhusiopathiae and E. tonsillarum isolates were serotyped into 11 and 2 different serovars, respectively. These findings might indicate that domestic chicken meat is frequently contaminated with E. rhusiopathiae and seems to be a potential source of human Erysipelothrix infection.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1998

Vasorelaxant and negative inotropic effects of gallopamil and LU49700, a metabolite of gallopamil, on isolated rat aorta and guinea-pig ventricular myocardium.

The effects of LU49700 (CAS 116759-60-5), the main metabolite of gallopamil (CAS 16662-47-8) on the mechanical response of isolated rat aortic and guinea-pig ventricular papillary muscle preparations were compared with those of gallopamil. Gallopamil and LU49700 inhibited the 64 mmol/l KCl-induced contraction of rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. The vasorelaxant potency of LU49700 was 244 times weaker than that of gallopamil. Gallopamil and LU49700 produced concentration-dependent negative inotropic effects on isolated right ventricular papillary muscles. The negative inotropic potency of LU49700 was 418 times weaker than that of gallopamil. These findings indicate that LU49700 has a weaker cardiovascular depressant potency than gallopamil. Therefore, LU49700 may not mediate the effects of gallopamil for treating subjects with cardiovascular diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Treatment of hepatoblastoma: less extensive hepatectomy after effective preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin and adriamycin.

BACKGROUND: Although the prognosis of hepatoblastoma was improved by the introduction of cisplatin and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) for adjuvant chemotherapy, extensive hepatectomy continues to be the usual practice. We retrospectively reviewed our recent experience with hepatoblastoma to determine whether the new modality of intensive chemotherapy could change the resectability, extent of hepatectomy, operative complications, and prognosis. METHODS: The clinical features of 15 children with hepatoblastoma treated between 1985 and 1995 were reviewed. Intensive chemotherapy was added before surgical resection not only when a tumor was unresectable but also when it was large enough to increase the risk of operative morbidity. RESULTS: There was 100% resectability, and the overall mortality rate was only 6.7%. Fourteen patients have been free of disease for 2 to 12 years. Preoperative chemotherapy enabled resection of six previously unresectable hepatoblastomas. Moreover, hepatic resection tended to be less invasive in several patients whose tumors had been much reduced after preoperative chemotherapy. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were minimal, with a short operative time and small amount of blood loss, especially in the group with delayed primary operation. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative administration of cisplatin and Adriamycin reduced the tumor size so that a safe hepatectomy could be performed with less blood loss and minimal technical complications. Unnecessary sacrifice of the normal hepatic tissue was avoided by performing the less extensive hepatectomy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

[An evaluation of pathologic T3 lung cancer].

A total of 35 pT3 patients of lung cancer underwent pulmonary resection from 1983 to 1997 in our department. The overall five-year survival rate of the 35 cases was 35.8%. There was no significant difference between the five-year survival rate of squamous cell carcinoma and that of adenocarcinoma. A superior outcome was observed for cases of curative resection compared with that of non-curative resection. Five-year survival rates of 19 patients with N0 disease, 16 patients with N1 or N2 disease were 46.6% and 22.2% respectively (p < 0.05). There was no significant differences among the survival rates according to the site of tumor invasion. We concluded that the long-term survival of patients with pathologic T3 disease critically depended on the lymph node state and completeness of resection.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Seizures in the acute phase of aseptic and bacterial meningitis].

We studied seizures that occur during the acute phase of aseptic and bacterial meningitis in childhood. Of the 108 children with aseptic meningitis, five had seizures (4.7%). Four patients developed them within 24 hours of the onset of the initial symptom (fever in 3 cases), and three had repeated seizures on the first day. One case had SIADH complication, but another neurologic abnormalities were not observed. On the 18 children with bacterial meningitis, three cases (16.7%) had seizure, which occurred on the second day of illness. Disturbance of consciousness and cerebral hypertension were observed in 2 cases each, and abnormal cerebral CT findings in all the three. The NSE level in the cerebrospinal fluid was elevated in 2 cases. Thus, seizures occurring in the acute phase of aseptic meningitis may reflect transient cerebral functional abnormality accompanying fever or SIADH, whereas those in bacterial meningitis may result from neural tissue damage due to encephalopathy or angitis. In aseptic and bacterial meningitis, the presence of seizures in the acute phase was not correlated with the neurological outcome.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗