Biomedical subjects

K Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneda.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Reactivity of anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) murine monoclonal antibodies and human autoantibodies to the PCNA multiprotein complexes involved in cell proliferation.

Proliferating cell nuclear Ag (PCNA) occurs as a component of multiprotein complexes during cell proliferation. We found the complexes to react with murine anti-PCNA mAbs, but not with anti-PCNA Abs in lupus sera. The complexes were purified from rabbit thymus extract by affinity chromatography using anti-PCNA mAbs (TOB7, TO17, and TO30) and analyzed by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and HPLC gel filtration. That PCNA was complexed with other proteins was demonstrated by its copurification with a group of proteins excluded by an HPLC G3000 SW column. Although immunoblot analysis showed the mAbs to react exclusively with the 34-kDa PCNA polypeptide, they nonetheless immunoprecipitated the same group of proteins, confirming the interaction of the isolated PCNA with other proteins. Anti-PCNA sera, including AK, which reacts with biologically functional sites on PCNA, did not react with complexed PCNA, but did react with it once it was dissociated from the complexes. PCNA complexes in turn reacted with murine anti-DNA mAbs, as well as with Abs against p21, replication protein A, DNA helicase II, cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 5, and topoisomerase I. These findings suggest that the PCNA complexes purified using anti-PCNA mAbs comprise the "protein machinery" for DNA replication and cell cycle regulation. They also suggest that anti-PCNA mAbs are useful tools with which to characterize the protein-protein interactions within PCNA complexes, as well as the autoimmune responses to proteins interacting with PCNA, which may shed light on the mechanisms of autoantibody production in lupus patients.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Finite-size scaling for the ising model on the Möbius strip and the klein bottle.

We study the finite-size scaling properties of the Ising model on the Möbius strip and the Klein bottle. The results are compared with those of the Ising model under different boundary conditions, that is, the free, cylindrical, and toroidal boundary conditions. The difference in the magnetization distribution function p(m) for various boundary conditions is discussed in terms of the number of the percolating clusters and the cluster size. We also find interesting aspect-ratio dependence of the value of the Binder parameter at T = T(c) for various boundary conditions. We discuss the relation to the finite-size correction calculations for the dimer statistics.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

XAFS study on active Pr sites in zeolite as a photocatalyst for decomposition of nitrous oxide.

The praseodymium-exchanged mordenite degassed at 873 K acted as a highly active heterogeneous photocatalyst for the stoichiometric decomposition of N2O. Analysis of Pr L3-edge EXAFS revealed that the Pr species were isolated each other in the large channel of zeolite, and that the active Pr species were coordinated by ca. four oxygen atoms and one Al atom. On the other hands, the inactive Pr species are surrounded by ca. 10 oxygens of adsorbed waters. The former low-coordinated Pr species allowed a strong adsorption of N2O, which could be the first step of the decomposition reaction.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

An unusual isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase found in the mevalonate pathway gene cluster from Streptomyces sp. strain CL190.

A gene cluster encoding five enzymes of the mevalonate pathway had been cloned from Streptomyces sp. strain CL190. This gene cluster contained an additional ORF, orfD, encoding an unknown protein that was detected in some archaebacteria and some Gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. The recombinant product of orfD was purified as a soluble protein and characterized. The molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 37 kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 155 kDa by gel filtration chromatography, suggesting that the enzyme is most likely to be a tetramer. The purified enzyme contained flavin mononucleotide (FMN) with the amount per tetramer being 1.4 to 1.6 mol/mol. The enzyme catalyzed the isomerization of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to produce dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) in the presence of both FMN and NADPH. The Escherichia coli plasmid expressing orfD could complement the disrupted IPP isomerase gene in E. coli. These results indicate that orfD encodes an unusual IPP isomerase showing no sequence similarity to those of IPP isomerases identified to date. Based on the difference in enzymatic properties, we classify the IPP isomerases into two types: Type 2 for FMN- and NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes, and type 1 for the others. In view of the critical role of this isomerase in S. aureus and of the different enzymatic properties of mammalian (type 1) and S. aureus (type 2) isomerases, this unusual enzyme is considered to be a suitable molecular target for the screening of antibacterial drugs specific to S. aureus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2001

A new familial adult-onset leukodystrophy manifesting as cerebellar ataxia and dementia.

BACKGROUND: Among hereditary leukodystrophies, a considerable number remain unclassified. PATIENTS AND RESULTS: We investigated the clinical course and histopathology of one patient in a family of adult-onset leukodystrophy with possible dominant inheritance. A 44-year-old man presented with cerebellar ataxia as the initial symptom, and later, dementia and hyperreflexia with ankle clonus developed. T2-weighted brain MRI showed brain atrophy and diffuse high signal intensity of the cerebral white matter and the brain stem. The patient's mother and older brother also had cerebellar ataxia and dementia, and his older brother had been diagnosed as having spinocerebellar degeneration. An older sister of our patient possibly had similar neurological symptoms of adult-onset. Our patient died of pneumonia 5 years after the onset of disease. The histopathological findings consisted mainly of patchily observed vacuolar changes in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter and the brain stem. The subcortical regions and the cortex were unaffected. It is suggested that the pathological changes began in the cerebellum, and later spread to the frontal lobe and the brain stem. In the occipital regions, the vacuolations were associated with accumulation of macrophages and astrocytosis, which implied that the vacuolations were of recent origin. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis in this patient is adult-onset leukodystrophy with possibly autosomal dominant inheritance. The clinicopathological features are different from those, of previously reported adult-onset leukodystrophies.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Nicorandil accelerates recovery of neuromuscular block caused by vecuronium.

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of nicorandil, a K ATP channel agonist, on neuromuscular block caused by vecuronium in patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide, oxygen, isoflurane, and fentanyl. METHODS: Sixty adult patients were allocated to four groups of 15: nicorandil-post-tetanic count (N-PTC), nicorandil-train-of-four (N-TOF), control-post-tetanic count (C-PTC) or control-train-of-four (C-TOF) group. In the N-PTC and N-TOF groups, 0.1 mg kg nicorandil was given as a bolus followed by an infusion at 1 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two minutes after the bolus, 0.1 mg x kg(-1) vecuronium was administered. In the C-PTC or C-TOF group normal saline was given instead of nicorandil. PTC and TOF responses were measured mechanically using a force displacement transducer. RESULTS: Time from the administration of vecuronium to the onset of neuromuscular block in the N-PTC or N-TOF group did not differ from that in the C-PTC or C-TOF group (241 +/- 33 vs 225 +/- 32 sec, mean +/- SD). Times from vecuronium injection to the return of PTC in the N-PTC and C-PTC groups, and those of T1, T2, T3, and T4 (first, second, third, and fourth stimulation of TOF) in the N-TOF and C-TOF groups did not differ. Recoveries of PTC in the N-PTC and C-PTC groups followed similar time course. T1/control twitch height and TOF ratio (T4/T1) in the N-TOF group were higher than those in the C-TOF group 80-120 min and 100-120 min after administration of vecuronium, respectively. CONCLUSION: Nicorandil accelerates recovery of neuromuscular block caused by vecuronium.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗

PubMed2001

Prevention of rat hepatic fibrosis by the protease inhibitor, camostat mesilate, via reduced generation of active TGF-beta.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Proteolytic release and activation of latent transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) by the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are key events for pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis, and protease inhibitors suppress TGF-beta generation by cultured HSCs, suggesting their potential use as antifibrogenic agents. We explored this idea using camostat mesilate, a serine protease inhibitor, to determine its effects and mechanisms of action in vivo. METHODS: Camostat mesilate was either added to cultured rat HSCs or administered orally to rats during porcine serum treatment, followed by overexpression of urokinase. We measured cellular and hepatic levels of plasmin, TGF-beta, TGF-beta activity, activated HSC markers (increased cell number, morphologic change, and expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen(alpha2)[I]), and fibrosis (Azan-staining and quantification of hydroxyproline content). RESULTS: Camostat mesilate (500 micromol/L) inhibited generation of TGF-beta by suppressing plasmin activity and reduced the activity of TGF-beta, which blocked in vitro activation of HSCs. In the in vivo model, camostat mesilate (1-2 mg/g of diet) markedly attenuated an increase in hepatic plasmin and TGF-beta levels, HSC activation, and hepatic fibrosis without apparent systemic or local side effects, all of which were reverted by restoration of hepatic plasmin activity. CONCLUSIONS: Camostat mesilate prevents porcine serum-induced rat hepatic fibrosis via a profound reduction in TGF-beta generation.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Effects of major histocompatibility complex matching on graft survival in allogeneic rat limb transplantation.

Differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between recipients and donors present a problem because of immunologic responses in graft rejection. The purpose of this study is to clarify the efficacy of MHC matching against acute graft rejection of allogeneic limb transplants in rats. Right hindlimb transplantations were performed using various MHC-mismatched pairs of inbred rats. The rats were classified into 5 groups according to the differences in subregions of the RT1 (rat MHC) between the recipient and the donor: group 1, RT1-A,B,D barrier (the differences of RT1-A,B,D subregions); group 2, RT1-A barrier; group 3, RT1-B,D barrier; group 4, RT1-B barrier; and group 5, RT1-D barrier. The mean survival time significantly decreased in group 1 and increased in group 4. The results suggest that MHC matching clearly improves survival of transplanted limbs. Specifically, both RT1-A and D matching is the most effective compatibility in prolonging survival time of allogeneic limb transplants in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Infusion of amino acid enriched solution hastens recovery from neuromuscular block caused by vecuronium.

We investigated the effect of an amino acid infusion on neuromuscular block produced by vecuronium, and on rectal temperature and surface temperature over the adductor pollicis muscle. Sixty adult patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomly divided into four groups of 15 patients each: amino acid (AA)-post-tetanic count (PTC); AA-train-of-four (TOF); control (C)-PTC; or C-TOF group. In the AA-PTC and AA-TOF groups, after a bolus of vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1), a continuous infusion of an 18 amino acid enriched solution (AMIPAREN) was started at a rate of 166 kJ h(-1). In the C-PTC and C-TOF groups, normal saline was administered. Time from vecuronium to the return of the PTC in the AA-PTC group was significantly shorter than in the C-PTC group (mean (SD), 13.3 (4.5) versus 18.0 (5.6) min, P<0.05). Times to return of T1, T2, T3, and T4 (first, second, third, and fourth twitch of TOF) in the AA-TOF group were significantly shorter than in the C-TOF group (21.1 (4.5) versus 28.0 (8.2) min for T1, P<0.05). PTC in the AA-PTC group was significantly greater than in the C-PTC group; 25-35 min after administration of vecuronium (P<0.05). T1/T0 and T4/T1 in the AA-TOF group were significantly higher than in the C-TOF group, 40-120 and 50-120 min after vecuronium respectively (P<0.05). Rectal temperature and surface temperature over the adductor pollicis muscle in the AA-PTC and AA-TOF groups were significantly higher than in the control groups 50-120 and 100-120 min after vecuronium respectively (P<0.05). Infusion of amino acid enriched solution hastens recovery from neuromuscular block.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Kinematic evaluation of atlantoaxial joint instability: an in vivo cineradiographic investigation.

Although range of motion has been considered the best parameter to quantify atlantoaxial instability, no other kinematic parameters have been determined for dynamic quantification. The objectives of this study were to investigate the kinematics of the normal and pathologic atlantoaxial joints by cineradiography and to determine the in-vivo kinematic parameters, if any, for the quantification of atlantoaxial instability. Sagittal plane motion of the atlantoaxial joints was analyzed by cineradiography in 12 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with atlantoaxial subluxation. In both flexion and extension, C1-C2 sagittal rotation and C1 translation in the sagittal plane were measured continuously to determine the time-displacement curves for both parameters. All patients with atlantoaxial subluxation and seven of the volunteers had the sigmoid pattern in their time-displacement curves in sagittal rotation. In these cases, atlantoaxial motion showed different points of the onset of rapid increase in motion in their sigmoid curves between flexion and extension. The discrepancy between these points was more significant in the patients than in the volunteers. In most of the patients who had atlantoaxial instability, subluxation occurred when the atlantoaxial joints were still in a more extended position and they were reduced when they were still in more flexed position. The discrepancy showed characteristics similar to those of the neutral zone observed during in vitro investigations, suggesting that it becomes a good indicator of in vivo atlantoaxial instability.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Overexpression of co-stimulatory molecules in peripheral mononuclear cells of Helicobacter pylori-positive peptic ulcer patients: possible difference in host responsiveness compared with non-ulcer patients.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Helicobacter pylori is the principal cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. However, H. pylori-positive patients do not always have peptic ulcer. This study was carried out in order to determine the difference in host immune reaction to H. pylori between patients with peptic ulcer and those without. METHODS: Ten H. pylori-positive patients with peptic ulcer, 10 H. pylori-positive non-ulcer patients, and 10 healthy volunteers were examined for expression of surface molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The surface molecules were stained with immunofluorescence-labelled specific antibodies and analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: More mononuclear cells expressed molecules ICAM-1, VLA-4, Leu-M3 in H. pylori-positive ulcer patients than in non-ulcer patients and healthy volunteers. There were also more cells expressing CD28, SLe(x), CD4, HLA-DR, and NU-B2 in H. pylori-positive ulcer patients than in non-ulcer patients and healthy volunteers. There were fewer cells expressing CD8 in H. pylori-positive ulcer patients than in non-ulcer patients and healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection may cause immunological reactions which are reflected in peripheral mononuclear cells. However, the activity and characteristics of peripheral mononuclear cells, in terms of expression of adhesion molecules, may differ between ulcer and non-ulcer patients who are infected with H. pylori.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Relationship of the microvascular type to the tumor size, arterialization and dedifferentiation of human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Unlike normal liver with the sinusoids, hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) possess capillaries. Whether these capillaries derive from the sinusoids remains unclear in human HCCs. This study aimed to examine sinusoidal capillarization in human HCCs and its relationship to the tumor size, arterialization and dedifferentiation. Thirty-eight HCCs with a diameter of 10 - 140 mm were pathologically and angiographically examined. By electron microscopy, the microvasculature of tumors was classified into sinusoidal, intermediate and capillary types, which were all negative, partially positive and all positive, respectively, for four parameters, i.e., endothelial defenestration, continuous basement membrane, lack of Kupffer cells, and lack of lipid-containing hepatic stellate cells. Well-, moderately and poorly differentiated HCCs displayed sinusoidal / intermediate / capillary types, intermediate / capillary types and only capillary type, respectively, suggesting the transition from the sinusoids to capillaries in well-differentiated (and probably moderately differentiated) HCCs. Furthermore, well-differentiated HCCs with a diameter of less than 30 mm often received preferential portal venous blood, while moderately and poorly differentiated ones were all supplied with arterial blood, indicating a relationship between dedifferentiation and arterialization. In contrast, the microvascular type displayed no significant relationship with tumor size or arterialization in well-differentiated HCCs. The present study has demonstrated that sinusoidal capillarization occurs in human well-differentiated HCCs and seems to be related to dedifferentiation of parenchymal tumor cells, but not to tumor size or arterialization.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces foreign-body- and hypersensitivity-type granulomas in mice.

Granulomatous inflammation is characterized morphologically by a compact organized collection of macrophages and their derivatives. It is classified as either a hypersensitivity type or a foreign-body type. Lipid components of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall participate in the pathogenesis of infection. Strains of M. tuberculosis have cord factor (trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate [TDM]) on their surface. To clarify host responses to TDM, including immunogenicity and pathogenicity, we have analyzed the footpad reaction, histopathology, and cytokine profiles of experimental granulomatous lesions in immunized and unimmunized mice challenged with TDM. In the present study, we have demonstrated for the first time that TDM can induce both foreign-body-type (nonimmune) and hypersensitivity-type (immune) granulomas by acting as a nonspecific irritant and T-cell-dependent antigen. Immunized mice challenged with TDM developed more severe lesions than unimmunized mice. At the active lesion, we found monocyte chemotactic, proinflammatory, and immunoregulatory cytokines. The level was enhanced in immunized mice challenged with TDM. This result implies that both nonimmune and immune mechanisms participate in granulomatous inflammation induced by mycobacterial infection. Taken together with a previous report, this study shows that TDM is a pleiotropic molecule against the host and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Role of T cells in development of chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats: effects of tacrolimus.

We assessed T cell association with acinar cell apoptosis and a preventive effect of tacrolimus, a T cell suppressant, on the development of chronic pancreatitis in male Wistar Bonn/Kobori rats. At 15 wk, cellular infiltrates composed of F4/80-positive cells (monocytes/macrophages), CD4-positive cells, and CD8-positive cells were extensive in the interlobular connective tissue and parenchyma. In particular, CD8-positive cells invaded pancreatic lobules and formed close associations with acinar cells, some of which demonstrated features of apoptosis. At 20 wk, CD8-positive cells were still abundant in the fibrotic tissue formed with loss of acinar cells. Repeated subcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) but not 0.025 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) of tacrolimus for 10 wk completely prevented the occurrence of acinar cell apoptosis, infiltration of CD4- and CD8-positive cells, and development of pancreatitis at the age of 20 wk, but these maneuvers did not recover the decreased plasma corticosterone levels, which may be responsible for the development of disease. We demonstrated that T cells, possibly CD8-positive cells, are involved in inducing apoptosis of acinar cells, raising the possibility that tacrolimus might find clinical application in the treatment of autoimmune chronic pancreatitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Granulomatous tissue formation of shikon and shikonin by air pouch method.

"The extract of shikon" (SK) and shikonin play important roles in the development of granulomatous tissue formation. To reveal the augmenting effect of SK or shikonin on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and neovascularization, we investigated murine granulomatous tissue induced by SK and shikonin, comparing them to pouches in which trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM) was injected. The development of granulomatous tissue formation was evaluated by the wet weight of pouch walls. At day 5 and 7 after SK and shikonin injection, prominent granulomatous tissue formation was detected. Histological observations on the development of granulomatous tissue showed that the pouch was formed in the submuscular connective tissue and necrotic tissue directly facing the cavity and granulomatous tissue developed in the connective tissue. At day 1, VEGF-positive neutrophils accumulated in the pouch wall. Granulomatous tissue formation and neovascularization by injection of SK or shikonin was not more prominent than TDM. However, the present results indicate that SK and shikonin induce neovascularization in granulomatous tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Cloning of a gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for the mevalonate pathway from a terpenoid-antibiotic-producing Streptomyces strain.

A gene cluster encoding enzymes responsible for the mevalonate pathway was isolated from Streptomyces griseolosporeus strain MF730-N6, a terpenoid-antibiotic terpentecin producer, by searching a flanking region of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene, which had been previously isolated by complementation. By DNA sequencing of an 8.9-kb BamHI fragment, 7 genes encoding geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS), mevalonate kinase (MK), mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MDPD), phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK), isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) isomerase, HMG-CoA reductase, and HMG-CoA synthase were suggested to exist in that order. Heterologous expression of these genes in E. coli and Streptomyces lividans, both of which have only the nonmevalonate pathways, suggested that the genes for the mevalonate pathway were included in the cloned DNA fragment. The GGDPS, MK, MDPD, PMK, IPP isomerase, and HMG-CoA synthase were expressed in E. coli. Among them, the recombinant GGDPS, MK, and IPP isomerase were confirmed to have the expected activities. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, about eubacterial MK with direct evidence.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗

PubMed2001

An epidemiological study on occupational low back pain among people who work in construction.

People who work at construction sites have one of the highest incidences of low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of LBP, and to investigate the risk factors of LBP in construction workers. The subjects were 33, 530 workers who were sent our questionnaires in September and October 1996. Of the final respondents, 29.3% had LBP. The results of multi-regression analysis revealed that risk factors having significant relationships with the onset of LBP were 1) stress due to personal relations at work, 2) postures during work, and 3) unstable body balance on scaffoldings. In addition, two factors were found to be important in decreasing the incidence of LBP: 1) having sufficient space for taking a rest and 2) using pre-work exercises. These findings have led us to the conclusion that not only providing good physical working environments, but also giving instructive and psychological care are important in preventing the onset of LBP in construction workers.

Adult↗