Biomedical subjects

K Kaneda

Publications and source records attributed to K Kaneda.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Vascularized fibular graft for bone reconstruction of the extremities after tumor resection in limb-saving procedures.

We treated 18 patients (8 males and 10 females) with bone or soft tissue tumors in the extremities by vascularized fibular grafts (VFGs). The average age was 29 years. Two had malignant soft tissue tumors in the forearm (angiosarcoma and synovial sarcoma) and the other 16 had bone tumors [osteosarcoma (8), chondrosarcoma (3), angiosarcoma (1), adamantinoma (1), and giant cell tumor (3)]. Affected sites of the bone tumor cases were tibia (5), femur (5), humerus (3), radius (2), and ulna (1). According to the surgical staging system of Enneking et al. 1 patient was in stage III, 12 in IIB, 2 in IB, and 3 in IA. The surgical margin was curative in 5 patients, wide in 9, marginal in 2, and intralesional in 2. One patient died due to lung metastasis although bone union was obtained by the VFGs. Functional results of the bone reconstruction in the remaining 17 patients were evaluated according to the modified scale of Enneking et al. The VFGs resulted in substantial bone unions in all patients except 1. Bone unions in all 17 patients occurred in less than 10 months. Overall clinical results were satisfactory. Based on a 30-point scale overall clinical results ranged from 10 to 30 points with an average of 21 points. Functional evaluation in the upper extremity were, generally, superior to those in the lower extremity. Postoperative complications were 5 metastases (4 in the lung and 1 in the mediastinum) in 4 patients, 1 recurrence, and 2 fractures after obtaining bone union. One patient died from metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis associated with hyperparathyroidism. A case report.

A case of slipped capital femoral epiphyses is reported which occurred in association with primary hyperparathyroidism. Only two similar cases have been found in the English literature. The patient was a man, 16 years of age, who presented with bilateral slipped epiphyses. Investigation showed that he had primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. At a single operation, the epiphyses were pinned in situ, and the adenoma removed. The result was satisfactory.

Adenoma↗

PubMed1995

17 beta-estradiol increases the receptor number and modulates the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like cells.

It is well known that 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) have important roles in bone metabolism. This study was undertaken to examine E2 regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) expression and the biological action of 1,25(OH)2D3 in human osteoblast-like cells. When human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblast-like cells were treated with varying concentrations of E2, the VDR levels increased by up to 100% in a dose-dependent manner. VDR levels significantly increased at 10 nM E2 and this increase plateaued at 100 nM E2. E2-dependent increase of VDR was time dependent, plateauing at 24 hours and was maintained for at least 48 hours in human osteoblast-like cells. Scatchard analysis showed that E2 increased the number of VDR (12.3 +/- 0.4 versus 26.5 +/- 0.3 fmol/mg protein; mean +/- SE of three independent experiments) rather than the Kd (0.15 +/- 0.02 versus 0.16 +/- 0.01 nM; mean +/- SE of three independent experiments). Tamoxifen (50 nM), a specific competitor with E2, completely abolished the E2-induced increase of VDR. The levels of VDR mRNA (4.5 kb) from the cells increased in a dose-dependent manner after E2 treatment. With regard to the biological effects, E2 increased by 10-25% the inhibitory effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on cell growth. However, E2 did not increase the stimulation of alkaline phosphatase activity by 1,25(OH)2D3. The present study suggests that E2 modulates the biological action of 1,25(OH)2D3 through VDR levels in bone cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1995

Action of endothelins on hepatic stellate cells.

To elucidate the role played by hepatic sinusoidal cells in the regulation of the circulatory status in the liver, the effect of endothelins (ETs) on primary-cultured stellate cells was examined. Kinetic analysis with 125I-labeled ET-1 revealed that stellate cells have ET receptors with a Kd value of 141 pM and a Bmax of 12.3 fmol/10(5) cells. ET-1, -2, and -3 dose-dependently increased inositol monophosphate (InsP) levels in stellate cells with an EC50 of 0.53, 1.63, and 1.88nM, respectively. Binding of 125I-labeled ET-1 to stellate cells and the ET-enhanced InsP formation were suppressed by preincubating the cells with 10 nM of unlabeled ET-1 or ET-3 for more than 3 h, indicating down-regulation and desensitization of ET receptors by homologous ligands. Binding of ETs to surface receptors induced a marked contraction of stellate cells. Stellate cells rapidly reacted to ETs, as detected by the flexible silicone-rubber-membrane method; 78%, 73%, and 58% of the stellate cells contracted 2.5 min after the addition of 10 nM of ET-1, ET-2, or ET-3, respectively. On the other hand, ETs also triggered a long-lasting contraction of the cells, as revealed with hydrated collagen gels. The ET-induced contraction of stellate cells decreased the diameter of the collagen lattice by about 60%, and this action was inhibited either by cytochalasin B or by H-7, a protein kinase C inhibitor. These and other results suggest that ETs induced cell contraction by some mechanism that involved protein kinase C.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Measurement of serum PSP/reg-protein concentration in various diseases with a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, based on two monoclonal antibodies (Hreg1-1 and Hreg101-1) specific for pancreatic stone protein (PSP)/reg-protein, was developed to determine the concentration of this protein in serum from individuals with various diseases. The serum concentration of PSP/reg-protein was significantly higher in patients with various pancreatic diseases than in normal controls, and was also significantly higher in patients with acute pancreatitis or chronic relapsing pancreatitis than in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, the serum PSP/reg-protein concentration was also significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, choledocholithiasis, and various cancers of the digestive system, and was extremely high in all patients tested with chronic renal failure. A significant correlation was apparent between the serum concentration of PSP/reg-protein and elastase-I in 68 patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. Whereas only 7 of these patients showed a normal serum PSP/reg-protein concentration and a significantly increased elastase-I concentration, 15 of these patients showed a significantly increased serum PSP/reg-protein concentration and a normal serum elastase-I concentration. These results indicate that the serum PSP/reg-protein concentration may reflect pancreatic damage, especially in acute pancreatitis, and may be a sensitive a marker for such damage as elastase-1, although false positivity was apparent in renal failure and in some patients with hepatic dysfunction or digestive system malignancies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

A cineradiographic study on the lumbar disc deformation during flexion and extension of the trunk.

To reveal deformation behaviour of normal lumbar discs (L((3/4)), L((4/5)) andL(5)/S(1), the lumbar spines of eight asymptomatic volunteers were examined cineradiographically during flexion and extension of the trunk. Disc deformation could be evaluated by displacement of the superior corners of the disc, which were measured with respect to the upper surface of the adjacent lower vertebra. Furthermore the in-vivo strain distribution of each lumbar disc was analysed by the finite element method and in-vivo measurement of the disc deformation. During flexion, deformation of the lumbar disc increased rapidly after a certain delay from the start of trunk motion and reached maximum value before the finish of trunk motion. It was also confirmed that time lags were present between the onsets of disc deformation. Namely, each disc deformed not simultaneously but stepwise from the upper to the lower level with time lags during flexion. When the lower disc deformation started, the strain at the adjacent upper discs had already reached more than half of the value at full flexion. RELEVANCE: The present study revealed one of the phenomena of lumbar spinal kinematics, which will provide helpful information to clinical problems such as evaluation of spinal instability.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1995

Electromyographic analysis of four techniques for isometric trunk muscle exercises.

Posture to avoid hyperextension of the lumbar spine during isometric trunk muscle exercises has been widely recommended. However, there are no common standards for cervical and pelvic alignment during exercises. To investigate the effects of four different techniques regarding cervical and pelvic alignment, electromyographic (EMG) and radiological studies were performed on 30 healthy subjects. The four different postures were: (1) maximally extended neck, (2) neutral neck, (3) maximally flexed neck, and (4) maximally flexed neck with pelvic stabilization through muscle contraction. During flexion exercises, the largest increase in EMG activity in the abdominal muscles was observed with the flexed neck with pelvic stabilization (p < .01). During extensor exercises, the largest increase in EMG activity in the erector spinae was also obtained in the same position (p < .01). An increase of EMG activity in antagonist muscles (eg, erector spinae on flexion, and rectus and oblique muscles on extension) was also greatest with the flexed neck and pelvic stabilization. From the radiographic study, degrees of lumbar lordosis were least with the flexed neck and pelvic stabilization (p < .01). This study showed that neck and pelvic alignment can influence the EMG activity of trunk flexors and extensors during isometric trunk exercises. For isometric trunk muscle exercises, a maximum flexed neck with pelvic stabilization through muscle contraction seems to be the most optimal posture for decreasing the lumbar lordosis and for activating trunk flexors and extensors most effectively.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1995

Concentric and eccentric strength of trunk muscles: influence of test postures on strength and characteristics of patients with chronic low-back pain.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of test postures on trunk muscle strength, and to clarify the difference between concentric and eccentric strength of healthy subjects and patients with chronic low-back pain (CLBP). Volunteered and controlled trials took place at a university hospital, which is a referral center and is also open to the general community. The patients were selected from the outpatient care in the university hospital. Fifty healthy subjects (25 men and 25 women; average age 25.7 years, ranging from 23 to 34 years) and 48 patients with CLBP (26 men and 22 women; average age 33.5 years, ranging from 26 to 39 years) volunteered for this study. The main outcome measures were flexor and extensor peak torque/body weight, and flexor/extensor peak torque ratio during concentric and eccentric contractions; Eccentric/concentric peak torque ratio in flexor and extensor. Trunk-muscle strength was significantly greater in the sitting posture when measured with the subjects' feet against the floor (p < .05). Some patients complained of a slight low-back pain during testing, although the pain was not aggravated in any patients. In both concentric and eccentric contraction modes, the patients with CLBP had greater flexor/extensor ratios than the healthy subjects (p < .01). This implies that extensors are more affected in these patients. However, a great imbalance between concentric and eccentric strength of the patients was found, not only in extensors, but also in flexors (p < .01). The current study shows that one should consider the test posture carefully when measuring trunk-muscle strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Kinesiologic analysis of dynamic side-shift in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the ability of the patients with idiopathic scoliosis to transfer the body weight in the frontal plane. DESIGN: Randomized and controlled study. SETTING: A referral center and institutional practice and outpatient care. SUBJECTS: Fifty patients with idiopathic scoliosis (three men and forty-seven women; average age 15.3 years) and 15 normal women (average age 17.3 years) participated in this study. Thirty patients were treated with underarm braces. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Computer-assisted force plates were used to evaluate the laterally shifted weight and the time period during side-shift on sitting. RESULTS: During both slow and fast side-shifts, shifted weight in the patients with idiopathic scoliosis was significantly less than in the normal controls (p < 0.05). The shifted weight was less on the concave side than on the convex one. The time for the shift to the concave side was longer in the patients than in the normal controls (p < 0.05). The brace was effective in correcting the imbalance of shifted weight in the patients with idiopathic scoliosis. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrated the different patterns of weight side-shift between normal subjects and patients with idiopathic scoliosis. The patients transferred less weight laterally than the normal subjects during slow and fast random movements. The patients also showed slower side-shift patterns than the normal subjects during the fast random movement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Lumbosacral fracture-subluxation associated with bilateral fractures of the first sacral pedicles: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of an unusual lumbosacral fracture-subluxation associated with bilateral fractures of the first sacral pedicles is described. The authors are aware of only one reported case in the literature. A 58-year-old man was involved in an accident during which his trunk was severely twisted toward the left and flexed. He also demonstrated L5 and S1 radiculopathies. He was successfully treated with surgical decompression of the L5 and S1 nerve roots with bilateral foraminotomies, followed by posterolateral arthrodesis at the lumbosacral junction using a transpedicular screw system that extended fixation into the ilia.

Bone Screws↗

PubMed1995

Distribution of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid homologues in mycobacteria.

There are three mycolic acid homologues with C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units in Mycobacterium. In order to reveal the composition and distribution of these homologues in each subclass and molecular species of mycolic acids and to compare them with the composition of constitutive non-polar fatty acids (free and bound forms), we have separated non-polar fatty acids and each subclass of mycolic acids from 21 mycobacterial species by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed non-polar fatty acid methyl esters by gas chromatography (GC) and the cleavage products of methyl mycolate by pyrolysis GC. We further performed mass chromatographic analysis of trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives of mycolic acid methyl esters by monitoring [B-29]+ ions (loss of CHO from the alpha-branched-chain structure of mycolic acids) of m/z 426, 454 and 482 which are attributed to C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-units of TMS ether derivatives of methyl mycolates, respectively, (Kaneda, K. et al, J. Clin. Microbiol. 24: 1060-1070, 1986). By pyrolysis GC, C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acid methyl esters generated by the C2-C3 cleavage of C22-, C24- and C26-alpha-unit-containing mycolic acid methyl esters, respectively, were detected. Their proportion was almost the same among subclasses of mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium and also similar to the proportion of constitutive non-polar C22:0, C24:0 and C26:0 fatty acids. By mass chromatography, the composition and distribution of C22- and C24-alpha-unit-containing homologues were revealed to be similar between alpha- and alpha'-mycolic acids in every Mycobacterium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗

PubMed1995

Coronary dilating effects of intracoronary nicorandil. Comparison with isosorbide dinitrate.

Although nicorandil, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) nicotinamide dinitrate, is a nitrate ester, its cardiovascular action differs from that of nitrate compounds in several aspects. In this quantitative angiographic study, the acute coronary dilating effect of intracoronary nicorandil (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 mg) was compared with that of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN; 1.0 mg) in 46 patients with or without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Dose-dependent right coronary dilating action was observed by intracoronary administration of nicorandil without any adverse effects. The same degree of right coronary dilation was achieved by the intracoronary application of equivalent doses of ISDN. We conclude that intracoronary administration of nicorandil is beneficial for the supportive treatment of IHD during coronary artery investigation and intervention without the risk of severe systemic hypotension.

Angina Pectoris↗

PubMed1995

The ultrastructure, kinetics and intralobular distribution of apoptotic hepatocytes after portal branch ligation with special reference to their relationship to necrotic hepatocytes.

Apoptosis was originally defined as shrinkage necrosis, as a distinct mode of cellular death from coagulative necrosis in the rat liver lobes after portal branch ligation. To reveal the functional role of the apoptosis of hepatocytes in the volume reduction and recovery of normal hepatic architecture in portal-deprived liver lobes, we ligated the portal vein branch supplying the left and median liver lobes in Wistar rats. The liver lobes were perfusion-fixed with glutaraldehyde solution via the proximal site of the ligated portion of the portal vein on Days 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 after operation and examined light and electron microscopically. On Day 2 after ligation, massive necrosis of hepatocytes occurred in the central to intermediate zones of the liver lobule, and apoptotic hepatocytes were observed in the boundary region between necrotic and normal areas. Such necrotic area-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes was most frequent on Day 2, declining thereafter. The sequential changes of the cell organelles in apoptotic hepatocytes were distinct from those in necrotic hepatocytes. On Day 7, when necrotic areas had almost disappeared the apoptosis of hepatocytes occurred mostly between intact hepatocytes in the "combined hepatic cell cords" which included no obvious sinusoidal lumen between hepatic cell cords. Such necrotic area-nonassociated apoptosis began to increase in frequency on Day 4, reached a peak on Day 7 and was gone by Day 14, when normal hepatic architecture was recovered. The present study suggests that both necrotic area-associated and non-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes may be induced by mild ischemia and contribute in part to the volume reduction of ligated liver lobes. It further reveals that the necrotic area-non-associated apoptosis of hepatocytes plays a role in reconstructing the architecture of hepatic cell cords after necrotic hepatocytes have undergone dissolution in the liver lobule.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372, two novel DNA gyrase inhibitors. Fermentation,isolation, structural elucidation and biological activities.

A fermentation broth of an unidentified fungus (N983-46) was found to produce DNA gyrase inhibitors, CJ-12,371 (1) and CJ-12,372 (2). Following isolation by solvent extraction and silica gel and ODS (reverse phase) chromatographies, the structures were determined to be novel spiro-ketal compounds with S-configuration at position C-1. CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372 inhibit both DNA supercoiling and relaxation mediated by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. The interaction of these compounds with DNA gyrase appears to be novel in that the compounds inhibit supercoiling and relaxation without blocking religation; thus, no cleavage intermediate of double strand DNA is observed. Both compounds have antibacterial activity against several species of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, with MICs between 25 and 100 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that the antibacterial potency of CJ-12,371 and CJ-12,372 is attributed to the inhibition of DNA gyrase. However, the compounds did not inhibit DNA gyrase selectively, as they also inhibited eukaryotic topoisomerase II-mediated relaxation. Semi-synthetic modifications to the dihydroxy motif in CJ-12,371 altered both gyrase- and topoisomerase II-inhibitory activities, but did not enhance selectivity.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1995

[A long-term clinical analysis of the rheumatoid patients treated by a combination of GST and CCA].

It has been well known that DMARDs are very effective for rheumatoid arthritis but lose their effect after long term administration. The authors would expect that Lobenzarit disodium (CCA) could slow the reduction of effectiveness of the DMARDs. The aim of this paper is to clarify the effects of Lobenzarit disodium (CCA) for the rheumatoid patients maintained by sodium aurothiomalate and D-penicillamine. The classical and definite rheumatoid patients were divided into two groups. One (group-A) was the rheumatoid patients who were treated in combination with CCA (79 patients). Another (group-B) was rheumatoid patients who were treated by sodium aurothiomalate or D-penicillamine (78 patients). All of them were followed for four years. In group-A, Lansbury index didn't improve in comparison with group-B. However, in the parameters of Lansbury index, improvement of the swelling joints was clearly higher in group-A than in group-B. Furthermore, this effect started in three months after administration of CCA and continued until the end of this study. On the other hand, according to roentogenographic examination utilizing MD's method, density of the metacarpal bones decreased more in group-B than in group-A. The sid-effects were few. They were five cases of gastrointestinal disorders and three cases of renal dysfunction. However, the renal dysfunction seems unlikely to be causally related to CCA. The authors could confirm the certain and expected results of combination therapy with CCA and sodium aurothiomalate and D-penicillamine for the rheumatoid patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1995

Cytology and microenvironment of somatostatin (D) cells in the gastric fundic mucosa of rodents.

Somatostatin from gastric D-cells exerts an inhibitory effect upon the release of gastric acid, enzymes and gastrin. From previous investigations, a paracrine mode of action of somatostatin has been postulated. However, the exact route of the delivery of gastric somatostatin remains still uncertain and controversial. To obtain a closer view of fundic D-cells, the complete shapes and their microanatomical relationships to neighboring tissue elements were examined in immunostained serial semithin (0.5 mu m) sections of the fundic mucosa of rats, mice and golden hamsters, exemplarily by the combined utilization of computer-assisted 3D reconstructions. All the D cells examined in the present study were found to belong to the 'closed-type' of entero-endocrine cells lacking contiguity to the luminal surface. In their shape, the D cells in this region displayed an expressed 'pleomorphism'. A subpopulation of D cells, ovoid in shape, were thoroughly enclosed by single parietal cells. Most of the D cells appeared to be intimately juxtaposed to parietal cells and/or chief cells with their cell bodies or cytoplasmic processes, but simultaneously blood capillaries were regularly located in close vicinity to such D cells. Thus, somatostatin from the fundic D cells may act upon parietal cells and chief cells via both paracrine (direct cell to cell or diffusion) and endocrine (local circulatory system). The morphological heterogeneity of gastric fundic D cells may reflect certain functional states.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Conditioned media of glial cell lines induce alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured artery endothelial cells. Identification of interleukin-6 as an induction factor.

Conditioned media of human glial cell lines induced alkaline phosphatase activity in cultured calf artery endothelial cells. The maximal alkaline phosphatase activity in the culture was comparable to the level in isolated brain capillary endothelial cells. An induction factor in the conditioned media was purified and identified as interleukin-6 from its amino-terminal sequence, molecular weight, amino acid composition and immunoreactivity. Recombinant interleukin-6 had similar induction activity. Our findings raise the possibility that interleukin-6 induces and modulates alkaline phosphatase activity in endothelial cells during normal development of the blood-brain barrier and under certain pathological conditions.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1994

Morphometric analysis of infiltrating cells that adhere to the sinusoidal wall and migrate into the space of disse in the orthotopically transplanted rat liver.

To reveal the kinetics of infiltrating cells in the hepatic parenchyma after the liver transplantation, we identified the cell type (macrophages, monocytes, agranular lymphocytes, large granular lymphocytes, and neutrophils) and localization on toluidine blue-stained sections of perfusion-fixed liver grafts in rejecting and tolerant combinations and performed quantitative analysis of the density of each cell species infiltrating inside and outside the sinusoid at days 4 and 7. The number of total infiltrating cells per unit square became 9 times as high as that of an untreated liver at day 4 and 30 times as high at day 7. Macrophages accounted for a large part of the infiltrating cells both in and around the sinusoid: 72% of intrasinusoidal infiltrating cells and 88% of extrasinusoidal ones at day 4; 73% of intrasinusoidal ones and 93% of extrasinusoidal ones at day 7. The ratio of extrasinusoidal cell to intrasinusoidal cell of macrophages was 9:91 at day 4 and 34:66 at day 7, much higher than ratios of other infiltrating cells. This fact means that macrophages show a marked tendency to migrate out of the sinusoid in the liver graft. The proportion of macrophages to total infiltrating cells dropped at day 4 and went up again at day 7, while that of monocytes showed a reverse pattern. Histologically, immature macrophages, possibly derived from recipient monocytes, coexisted with vacuolated donor macrophages in the sinusoid at day 4, but the latter cells were diminished at day 7. These data indicate that transformation of recipient monocytes into macrophages in the sinusoid and subsequent extrasinusoidal migration of newly formed macrophages occur soon after the cell influx into the liver graft begins at day 4. The present study has revealed that macrophages, especially those migrating into the space of Disse, will be closely related to the pathogenesis of the liver transplantation.

Animals↗