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Biomedical subjects

K Kanazawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Kanazawa.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Efficacy of magnifying endoscopy in the differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps of the large bowel.

PURPOSE: We have introduced magnifying colonoscopy into clinical practice and analyzed its diagnostic efficacy, especially regarding the ability to distinguish neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps. METHODS: The materials consisted of 923 polyps. After identifying the lesions during normal colonoscopy, a dye was sprayed, and then the zoom apparatus of the colonoscope was used to make a magnified observation at a maximum 100 times magnification. We classified the crypt orifices into six categories and labeled them A to F as follows: A, a medium round appearance; B, an asteroid appearance; C, an elliptic appearance; D, a small, round appearance; E, a cerebriform appearance; F, no apparent structural appearance. RESULTS: Forty-two of 923 polyps did not reveal any clear images of crypt patterns. The percentage of histologically neoplastic change in the lesions classified as A, B, C, D, E, and F were 10, 15.9, 93.7, 100, 94.8, and 87.5 percent, respectively. When we considered types A and B to represent a crypt pattern of non-neoplastic lesions, and types C, D, E, and F to represent neoplastic lesions, and when the lesions that did not show any clear images were classified as a misjudgment, the diagnostic accuracy of neoplastic lesions (sensitivity) was 92 percent and that of non-neoplastic lesions (specificity) was 73.3 percent. Overall, the diagnostic accuracy in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions was 88.4 percent. Twenty-three neoplastic lesions that were misjudged to be non-neoplastic were histologically adenoma with mild atypia in 22 and adenoma with moderate atypia in 1. CONCLUSION: Magnifying colonoscopy was considered to be useful in determining the indications for colonoscopic removal.

Adenomatous Polyps↗
PubMed1999

Preoperative chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer and relation with histological effect.

The results of surgical treatment for advanced esophageal cancer remain extremely poor. Irradiation and chemotherapy are not superior to surgery. Perioperative morbidity and the influence on long-term survival of a combination of surgery and preoperative chemotherapy were investigated in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Forty-nine patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were subjected to preoperative chemotherapy of cisplatin-5-fluorouracil. Fifty-seven patients were chosen as a historical control group who had not undergone chemotherapy before surgery but had the same histological stages as the chemotherapy group. The response to chemotherapy was assessed by histological studies of surgical specimens. The survival rates noted no significant difference between preoperative chemotherapy plus surgery and a resection alone. However, subclassification according to the grading of chemotherapeutic effectiveness showed that, compared with control, preoperative chemotherapy was beneficial to high responders (P = 0.01), ineffective in low responders (P = 0.61), and detrimental to nonresponders (P = 0.03). Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in the chemotherapy group than in the control group (P = 0.02). These findings suggest that preoperative chemotherapy is necessary only for high responders and we therefore need to reliably identify non-, low, and high responders before chemotherapy to improve the survival and quality of life of patients with advanced esophageal cancer.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1999

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cytochemistry using a copper ferrocyanide method and its application to rapidly frozen cells.

We describe an improved copper ferrocyanide-based method for cytochemical detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which was used to localize the enzyme within the ultrastructure of rat hepatocytes and adrenocortical cells. With this method, glutaraldehyde fixation and the addition of exogenous electron carriers (for example, phenazine methosulfate) to the cytochemical reaction medium were essential. Copper ferrocyanide reaction product showing the distribution of G6PD was readily recognized at the light microscopic level as Hatchett's brown staining and at the electron microscopic level as electron-dense deposits. Within stained regions, enzyme cytochemical G6PD activity was found to be associated with ribosome-like structures. Because G6PD is a soluble, cytosolic enzyme, its displacement or extraction may occur during conventional fixation. We, therefore, combined a rapid-freezing technique with G6PD enzyme cytochemistry. The resultant rapid-freezing enzyme cytochemistry enabled us to show the subcellular distribution of G6PD in a more life-like state; the localization of G6PD in rapidly frozen cells was in substantial agreement with that in conventionally fixed cells.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1999

Pancreatic bladder or double gallbladder draining into pancreatic duct?

We report a case of pancreatic bladder which could also be interpreted as double gallbladder draining into the pancreatic duct. A 6-year-old Japanese boy underwent a cholecystectomy of the smaller bladder under the diagnosis of duplication of the gallbladder, leaving the normal gallbladder and an unremarkable biliary ductal system. The smaller bladder was histologically similar to the gallbladder tissue. At age 25, relaparotomy was performed. It was confirmed that the residual aberrant duct from the smaller bladder joined directly with the duct of Wirsung and that the patient had fusiform dilatation of the extrahepatic bile duct. The extrahepatic portion of the bile duct was excised along with the "normal" gallbladder and the residual aberrant duct. The present anomaly seems to validate the designation of pancreatic bladder whose cystic duct joined directly with the pancreatic duct, but may also be explained from the view point of double gallbladder.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1999

Absence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA in intestinal tissues from Crohn's disease by nested polymerase chain reaction.

A role of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease has been suggested for many years. To determine whether Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has the potential to cause Crohn's disease, we investigated Crohn's disease tissues for the presence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, using highly sensitive nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA was extracted from samples of intestine obtained from 13 patients with Crohn's disease, 14 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 13 control patients without inflammatory bowel disease. Nested PCR was performed using primer pairs complementary to sequences in the insertion element IS900 gene of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. No Mycobacterium paratuberclulosis-specific PCR product was detected in any of these specimens, although PCR products of the appropriate size were consistently obtained using control DNA template from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The results did not suggest that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Rectal cancer in a 13-year-old boy without a detectable germline mutation in FAP and HNPCC genes.

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is characterized by familial clustering and early onset. It is unclear, however, whether the early onset of colorectal cancer necessarily represents HNPCC. A 13-year-old patient had rectal cancer and underwent curative surgery. DNA from this patient was examined for replication errors (RER) and genes related to familial colorectal cancer (APC, hMSH2, and hMLH1). The patient had a negative family history of colorectal cancer, did not show the RER phenotype, and had no germline mutation of the APC, hMSH2, and hMLH1 genes. The present case suggests that an unusually young patient with colorectal cancer is not always an HNPCC proband. Observation over time, however, will be needed, as a first mutator of familial colorectal cancer could be missed.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1999

Perforation of the sigmoid colon with ischemic change due to polyarteritis nodosa.

A 60-year-old man who developed a perforation of the sigmoid colon with ischemic change due to polyarteritis nodosa is described. Histological examination of the resected colon led to the diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Although the gastrointestinal tract is frequently involved with polyarteritis nodosa, it is extremely rare for polyarteritis nodosa to be accompanied by a perforation of the colon, particularly at the initial presentation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1999

Improved outcome following preoperative radiochemotherapy: 40.5 Gy accelerated hyperfractionation and 5-fluorouracil suppositories for patients with carcinoma of the lower rectum.

The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of administering preoperative radiochemotherapy to patients with carcinoma of the lower rectum. The outcomes of 29 patients who underwent curative surgery for carcinoma of the lower rectum after receiving radiochemotherapy in the form of 40.5 Gy accelerated hyperfractionation and a total dose of 3 400 mg 5-fluorouracil given as suppositories, with or without hyperthermia, and 48 patients who underwent surgery alone, were retrospectively compared. The tumors in all the patients were histologically diagnosed as stage T3. The cumulative 5-year survival rate and 5-year local recurrence-free rate of the patients treated with radiochemotherapy plus surgery were significantly better than those of the patients treated by surgery alone, the respective values being 80.5% vs 59.8% (P = 0.0325) and 95.7% vs 61.4% (P = 0.0041). Dehiscence of the perineal wound, anastomotic leakage, and postoperative ileus occurred at similar frequencies in both groups; however, perineal wound healing after abdominoperineal resection was delayed in the patients treated with radiochemotherapy plus surgery at 42.7 days vs 25.4 days (P = 0. 0062). In conclusion, although the wound healing was delayed, preoperative radiochemotherapy is considered to be beneficial for patients with carcinoma of the lower rectum.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed1999

Localization of huntingtin-interacting protein-2 (Hip-2) mRNA in the developing mouse brain.

Huntingtin-interacting protein-2 (Hip-2) was identified as a human protein specifically associated with huntingtin in vitro, a gene product affected in patients with Huntington disease (HD). It is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme identical to the previously characterized bovine E2-25k. We identified the mouse Hip-2 homologue (mHip-2) and examined its distribution patterns in the developing mouse brain in order to gain an insight into the functional significance of the Hip-2 protein in the normal brain as well as in the pathogenesis of HD. As reported with huntingtin, the mHip-2 mRNA expression developed in parallel with neuronal maturation and became distributed widely in the postnatal mouse brain. This spatiotemporal pattern of mHip-2 mRNA expression resembled that of huntingtin. We further demonstrated that mHip-2 mRNA was colocalized with huntingtin-like immunoreactivity in a single neuron. These findings suggested that the Hip-2 interacted with huntingtin in vivo and played an important role in HD pathogenesis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1999

Comparison in metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 1A1 on heterocyclic amines between human and rat.

In mutagenicity and antimutagenicity tests, the toxicants have been activated to the ultimate mutagenic forms usually with rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. An understanding is important of whether these data can be available for human. In this paper are compared the activating abilities of CYP1A1 between human and rat using recombinant yeast cells that express respective CYP1A1 and yeast NADPH-CYP-oxidoreductase simultaneously. Three different types of dietary procarcinogens, heterocyclic amines, were tested by two methods: a bioassay with Salmonella mutagenicity test and a chemical determination of N-hydroxyls as the ultimate mutagenic forms. Compared with ED(50) values, saturation levels, and V(max)/K(m) values at an initial stage of the enzyme activity, human and rat CYP1A1 showed almost similar abilities for the metabolic activation on heterocyclic amines. The two enzymes also had the same preference for the tested procarcinogens and the same affinities to the specific inhibitors such as flavonoids.

Amines↗
PubMed1999

Human papillomavirus infection and other risk factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Japan.

Various risk factors were investigated in 167 cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) case and control pairs in Japan. CIN cases showed evidence of nine known risk factors including smoking and sexual behaviour. However, after adjustment for papillomavirus infection, the highest determinant, the only remaining risk factors were: being married, early age at first pregnancy and multiparity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum carotenoids and vitamins and risk of cervical dysplasia from a case-control study in Japan.

The relationships between risk of cervical dysplasia and dietary and serum carotenoids and vitamins were investigated in a case-control study. Cases were 156 women who attended Papanicolaou test screening in nine institutes affiliated with Japan Study Group of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer and had cervical dysplasia newly histologically confirmed. Age-matched controls were selected from women with normal cervical cytology attending the same clinic. Blood sample and cervical exfoliated cells were obtained for measuring serum retinol, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, zeaxanthin/lutein, cryptoxanthin, lycopene and alpha-tocopherol and for HPV detection. Higher serum level of alpha-carotene was significantly associated with decreased risk of cervical dysplasia after controlling for HPV infection and smoking status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.62 for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile). Decreased risk for the highest tertile of serum lycopene (OR = 0.28) was marginally significant. Decreased risks observed for the highest tertiles of beta-carotene (OR = 0.65) and zeaxanthin/lutein (OR = 0.53), were not statistically significant.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1999

Experimental study of the influence of intestinal flora on the healing of intestinal anastomoses.

BACKGROUND: The beneficial effects of the normal intestinal flora on wound healing in the skin have already been confirmed, and this study attempted to elucidate the influence of the intestinal flora on the healing process in intestinal anastomoses. METHODS: Five groups of rats were studied: germ-free, conventional, monocontaminated with Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 or Escherichia coli X7 and ex-germ-free (conventionalized). All animals underwent ileal and colonic resections followed by anastomoses. Seven days later they were killed and the bursting pressure and hydroxyproline concentration of the anastomoses were measured. The microbiological status of the animals was confirmed weekly. RESULTS: No bacteria were detected in the germ-free rats and no other bacteria were found in the monocontaminated animals. Conventional rats had a significantly higher anastomotic bursting pressure both in the ileum compared with rats monocontaminated with L. acidophilus, and in the colon compared with germ-free rats. The ex-germ-free rats also showed a significantly higher bursting pressure than germ-free animals and rats monocontaminated with either L. acidophilus or E. coli in the ileum and colon. CONCLUSION: The presence of the intestinal flora enhanced the healing of intestinal anastomoses. The data suggest that this effect depends on differences in the types of bacteria in the intestine.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1999

Palliative radiation therapy for brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma: report of two cases.

Although endometrial carcinoma is a common invasive neoplasm of the female genital tract, brain metastases are extremely rare and few reports exist of their treatment with radiation therapy. We report two patients with manifest clinical signs of brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These two patients had multiple brain metastases, with widespread dissemination late in the course of the disease and received palliative whole-brain radiation therapy to a total dose of 50 Gy in 25 fractions (case 1) and 30 Gy in 10 fractions (case 2). After radiation therapy, improvement of neurological function (NF) was observed in both patients. The duration of improvement of NF was 9 weeks in case 1 and 12 weeks in case 2. The patients died 5 months and 3 months after the diagnosis of brain metastases, respectively. In these two cases, palliative radiation therapy was effective in improving the quality of the remaining lifetime and appears to be the best treatment for brain metastases from endometrial carcinoma as well as those frequently seen from other primaries.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Effects of intestinal bacteria on the development of colonic neoplasm: an experimental study.

Effects of intestinal microflora on the development of colonic neoplasm induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) were observed using conventionalized and gnotobiotic mouse models. The incidence of colonic adenoma in germ-free mice (IQI/jic) (GF), mice conventionalized after DMH injection (Cvz-post-DMH) and conventionalized mice (Cvz, conventionalized before DMH injection) was 74%, 69% and 58%, respectively. The mean number of adenomas per mouse in the three groups was 2.6, 2.0 and 1.4, respectively. However, the adenoma in Cvz was larger than in GF. The incidence of adenoma in mice mono-associated with Mitsuokella multiacida, Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium longum, Clostridium paraputrificum, Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus acidophilus was 68%, 68%, 63%, 50%, 50% and 30%, respectively. However, the adenoma in the Cl. paraputrificum group and the Cl. butyricum group was larger than in GF. Faecal pH in Cvz and the L. acidophilus group was significantly lower than in GF. The deconjugation rate of faecal bile acids in Cvz, the Cl. paraputrificum group and the Cl. butyricum group was significantly higher than in GF. These findings suggested two different effects of microflora on the development of DMH-induced adenoma: either an inhibition of the incidence of adenoma or a promotion of tumour growth. Effects of L. acidophilus may be mediated by faecal pH and effects of Cl. paraputrificum and Cl. butyricum by deconjugated bile acids.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1999

Effects of intestinal bacteria on the development of colonic neoplasm II. Changes in the immunological environment.

To study the effects of intestinal bacteria on the development of colonic neoplasm, we have established gnotobiotic mice with a single species of intestinal bacteria. In the previous study, the incidence of colonic adenoma induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in the gnotobiotic mice with Lactobacillus acidophilus, gnotobiotic mice with Escherichia coli and germ-free mice were 30, 50 and 74%, respectively. In this study, 7-week-old mice in each group were sacrificed without the administration of DMH to examine the constituents of immuno-competent cells in various mouse organs using flow cytometry. In the gnotobiotic mice, CD3 intermediate interleukin (IL)-2Rbeta positive cells were observed predominantly in the liver. In the gnotobiotic mice with L. acidophilus, Mac-1 positive Gr-1 positive cells were observed predominantly in the colonic lamina propria. The activation of extrathymic T cells in the liver and granulocytes in the colonic mucosa may be related to anti-neoplastic effects of L. acidophilus in this experimental model.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗