[Experimental evaluation of cephalexin (Lilly), a new cephalosporin C antibiotic. 2. Biological assay, absorption and excretion].
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Absorption↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kanazawa
Publications and source records attributed to K Kanazawa.
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with regional lymph node metastasis: a case report.
The case of a 21-year-old man with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the scalp that spread to deep cervical lymph nodes is presented. Available literature is reviewed, and the infrequency of metastasis is discussed. Since cases of metastases almost always involve recurrent lesions, the importance of wide and deep resection in the initial operation cannot be overemphasized.
Adult↗
Three-dimensional CT imaging of an isolated dissecting aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery.
A case of an isolated dissecting aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery is presented with findings of three-dimensional CT imaging. False lumen, intimal flap, entry, and re-entry are clearly identified on three-dimensional CT imaging.
Aged↗
HLA expression by trophoblast of invasive moles.
HLA expression by the trophoblast in invasive hydatidiform mole was analysed by immunoperoxidase staining. In the invading villi of an invasive mole, villous trophoblast, both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast, failed to show a positive reaction for HLA-A, -B and -C and HLA-DR. By contrast, extravillous trophoblast showed an intense reaction for HLA-A, -B and -C. The distribution of HLA antigens in the invading villi was the same as in the non-invading villi, and the antigens were also indistinguishable from those noted in non-invasive hydatidiform moles. The histopathology of invasive mole may suggest that it is a malignant neoplasm. This immunohistochemical study, however, lends support to the current view that invasive mole is a variant of a benign hydatidiform mole rather than a form of malignant trophoblastic disease.
Female↗
Expression of HLA-DR molecules in human gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines and malignant cell lines.
In order to determine whether trophoblast (or gestational choriocarcinoma) expresses the HLA-DR antigen or not, it was analysed using human gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines (GCH-1, GCH-1(m) and TAK-N) by the Northern hybridization method. TYK-nu (human undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma cell line), M-14 (human malignant melanoma cell line), L-14 (human B lymphocyte cell line), and KKNS-1, KKNS-2 and KKNS-3 (three human endometrial carcinoma cell lines) were also examined. Messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) were prepared from 2 X 10(7) cells in each cell line and hybridized by HLA-DR alpha-chain complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) probe (pDR alpha-1) and beta-chain cDNA probe (DK-10). Northern hybridization analysis revealed that GCH-1 transcribed at least two kinds of alpha-chain (16s and 23s) and beta-chain mRNA (15s and 23s). TYK-nu transcribed alpha- and beta-chain mRNA, L-14 transcribed only alpha-chain mRNA, and TAK-N appeared to transcribe only a little alpha-chain mRNA. The HLA-DR molecules were not, however, expressed in the other cell lines (GCH-1(m), M-14, KKNS-1, -2 and -3). These results are compared with those obtained by immunocytochemical methods in our laboratory.
Cell Line↗
Immunohistochemical localization of HLA antigens and placental proteins (alpha hCG, beta hCG CTP, hPL and SP1 in villous and extravillous trophoblast in normal human pregnancy: a distinctive pathway of differentiation of extravillous trophoblast.
Immunohistochemical localization of HLA antigens and placental proteins (alpha hCG, beta hCG CTP, hPL and SP1) in villous and extravillous trophoblast at various stages of normal human gestation were studied, using hysterectomy specimens. In the chorionic villi, the capacity for synthesizing placental proteins seemed to develop in parallel with the morphological change from mononuclear cells to multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast and no villous trophoblast expressed HLA antigens. In contrast, extravillous trophoblast, including the multinucleated trophoblastic cells at the deciduomuscular junction, expressed HLA-A, -B, and -C, and their capacity for synthesizing placental proteins did not seem to correspond with the degree of morphological change: the location of alpha hCG, beta hCG CTP and SP1 was restricted to mononuclear trophoblast in the superficial decidua, while hPL was present extensively in extravillous trophoblast. These findings strongly suggest that extravillous trophoblast possesses many distinctive biological features and differentiates in an independent manner. Mononuclear trophoblast forming the cell columns was also positive for HLA-A, -B, and -C, and no placental protein was demonstrated in these cells; this, together with previous morphological observations, may indicate the germinative nature of these cells.
Cell Differentiation↗
Re-evaluation of hydatidiform mole by DNA fingerprint method: the discrepancy in the diagnoses by pathological finding and the DNA fingerprint method.
Ten cases of hydatidiform mole (HM) were analysed by the DNA fingerprint method. DNA samples were prepared from HM tissue of HM and maternal and paternal bloods, followed by digestion with HaeIII restriction endonuclease, applied to agarose gel, and then transferred to a nitrocellulose filter. The filter was hybridized using mini-satellite DNA as a probe. A case of partial HM diagnosed by histological findings was revealed to be complete HM using DNA fingerprinting. The case was suggested to be a twin pregnancy with a cHM and an abortion, because the DNA fingerprint of hydropic tissue showed a paternal pattern and that of the non-hydropic tissue did not show such a pattern. DNA fingerprinting was considered to be useful in distinguishing complete HM from partial HM.
Adult↗
Biological studies of cholestane-3beta,5alpha,6beta-triol and its derivatives. 1. Hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits, chickens and rats on atherogenic diets.
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Adrenal Glands↗
Computer-aided diagnosis for pulmonary nodules based on helical CT images.
In this paper, we present a computer-assisted automatic diagnostic system for lung cancer that detects nodule candidates at an early stage from helical CT images of the thorax. Our diagnostic system consists of analytical and diagnostic procedures. In the analytical procedure, first we extract the lung and the pulmonary blood vessel regions using the fuzzy clustering algorithm, then we analyze the features of these regions using image-processing techniques. In the diagnostic procedure, we define diagnostic rules utilizing the extracted features which support the determination of the candidate nodule locations. We show the effectiveness of our system by giving the results from its application to image data for mass screening of 450 patients.
Algorithms↗
Vitamin A deficiency impairs colonic healing but not adhesion formation in germ-free and conventional rats.
Vitamin A is well recognized as a factor of major importance in epithelial and connective tissue repair mechanisms. Recently it was shown that vitamin A deficiency caused overgrowth and translocation of intestinal bacteria in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the healing of colonic anastomoses and formation of postsurgical adhesions in vitamin A-deficient germ-free and conventional rats. Fourteen germ-free and 10 conventional rats were allocated to four groups: germ-free rats not given vitamin A, germ-free rats given vitamin A, conventional rats not given vitamin A, and conventional rats given vitamin A. All rats underwent surgery for colonic anastomosis. Seven days afterward, they were euthanized, and the bursting pressure of colonic anastomosis and formation of peritoneal adhesions were evaluated. The bursting pressures in groups not given vitamin A were lower than in groups given vitamin A. The adhesion scores in germ-free groups were lower than in conventional groups. These findings demonstrated that vitamin A had an important role in healing of colonic anastomoses whether in the presence or absence of intestinal flora, and that intestinal bacteria had a greater effect than vitamin A on formation of postsurgical adhesions. This may suggest that the mechanism of healing of colonic anastomoses differs from that of postsurgical adhesion formation.
Animals↗
Blocking effects of maternal serum-IgG and placental eluate-IgG on materno-fetal mixed lymphocyte reaction and their individual specificity.
The purpose of this study is to clarify the problem regarding individual specificity of maternal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and placental eluate IgG that block the unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in which maternal and cord blood lymphocytes (lys) were used as responder and stimulator, respectively. Both maternal serum IgG and placental eluate IgG were found to include blocking antibodies (BA) which showed similar blocking effect on MLR. But, in the case of serum IgG, individual specificity of BA on MLR was observed to be less great in MLR done using whole lys or T-enriched lys of the cord blood as stimulator, whereas it became greatly significant when MLR was done using B-enriched lys of the cord blood as stimulator. This was the case even in MLR done by using unrelated maternal lys as responder. On the other hand, when in the case of placental eluate, it was found to be greater when compared to serum IgG even where MLR was done using not only B lys but also T lys as stimulator. It is thus strongly suggested that BA include individual specific antibodies against fetal B lys having HLA-D/DR locus determinants in addition to individually nonspecific antibodies common to pregnancy which may be produced to a "yet unknown fetal antigen."
B-Lymphocytes↗
Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy: classification, indication and procedures.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent advances in the surgical anatomy of the pancreatoduodenal region have permitted duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. However, pancreas-sparing duodenectomy (PSD) has not been systematically studied and various types of such procedures have been reported under the designation of PSD. METHODOLOGY: PSD was performed in 6 patients with extensive duodenal lesions including trauma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, corrosive necrosis, bleeding, leiomyosarcoma and congenital stenosis. Three patients had the whole papilla Vateri and half of the duodenum preserved and anastomosed to the jejunum. One patient had the duodenal button including the papilla of Vater transplanted to the jejunum. Another patient had the intraduodenal portion of the major papilla excised and the terminal portion of the bile and pancreatic ducts anastomosed to the jejunum. RESULTS: Two patients with moribund conditions died of the underlying disorders 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery, respectively, but without leakage or other surgery-associated complications. The other 4 patients survived the surgery without anastomotic insufficiency. Three survivors, who had complete preservation of the major and minor papillae along with the half portion of the duodenum, had normal morphology and function of the biliopancreatic system post-operatively. The fourth survivor, that with excision of the intrapancreatic portion of the major papilla, had regurgitation of contrast material into the bile and pancreatic ducts 2 months after surgery on active insufflation of the intestinal lumen, but remained asymptomatic. No abnormality in liver and pancreatic function was detected as of 7 months post-operatively. CONCLUSIONS: PSD appears to be applicable in the clinical setting, although classification of the procedure seems mandatory in consideration of indications, techniques, and long-term consequences of biliopancreatic function.
Adult↗
Biliopancreatic fistula associated with intraductal papillary-mucinous pancreatic cancer: institutional experience and review of the literature.
Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumour is clinicopathologically characterized by papillary growth and mucin production within the pancreatic duct system. The category includes a wide range of dysplasia, ranging from adenoma to carcinoma, the latter designated as intraductal papillary-mucinous cancer. In general, the tumor renders a favorable prognosis after complete resection. However, intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor with overt invasion outside the gland has been reported to have a poor prognosis, as is the case with the usual type of duct cell cancer of the pancreas. We experienced two cases of intraductal papillary-mucinous cancer with obstructive jaundice due to impaction of thick mucus protruding from the pancreas via a "spontaneous" biliopancreatic fistula. Preoperative examinations of both patients showed a large intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor in the head of the pancreas with fistula formation between the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. Histopathological investigation of the two resected specimens suggested that the fistula may not have developed from invasion by papillary or tubular adenocarcinoma, but from compression and destruction of the intercalating tissues by abundant mucinous secretion. The first patient died of peritoneal carcinomatosis with clinicopathologic features of pseudomyxoma peritonei 6 years after surgery. The second patient is alive and has been well for 2 years postoperatively. Review of the world literature showed that half of the patients with intraductal papillary-mucinous cancer plus biliopancreatic fistula had no stromal invasion around the fistula, indicating that the fistula might have been caused by mechanical pressure. However, the other half of the cases did have stromal invasion around the fistula. Two-thirds of these cases, including our own patients, had foci of mucinous carcinoma in the stroma around the fistulization, implying that mucinous lakes in the stroma may have served as part of the "waterway" from the pancreatic duct to the bile duct, assisted by increased pressure by mucus production. Since intraductal papillary-mucinous cancer with biliopancreatic fistula has a comparatively favorable prognosis, surgical resection should be considered.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
Immunization of young chickens by trickle infection with Eimeria tenella.
Immunization of chickens was attempted with low levels of Eimeria tenella oocysts (50 oocysts per day) over the first 1 or 2 weeks of life--the "trickle infection" (TI) method. When chickens were immunized by TI at 0-13 days of age, no cecal lesions and a reduced number of oocysts in ceca were observed after challenge at 17 days of age. TI at 0-6 days of age conferred better protection against challenge with E. tenella than did TI at 7-13 days. However, cecal lesions were observed in almost all of these chickens. These findings indicated that TI for 2 weeks (0-13 days of age) provided better immunity than TI for 1 week (0-6 or 7-13 days of age).
Age Factors↗
Susceptibility to Eimeria tenella of chickens and chicken embryos of partly inbred lines possessing homozygous major histocompatibility complex haplotypes.
Susceptibility to Eimeria tenella infection of chicken embryos and chickens of partly inbred lines possessing different major histocompatibility complex haplotypes was investigated. Chicken embryos of line H-B2 possessing B2 homozygous haplotype showed lower mortality and higher oocyst production than embryos of line H-B15 possessing B15 homozygous haplotype. Embryos of line H-B2 chickens were considered more resistant to E. tenella infection than those of line H-B15. Seven days after 10-day-old chickens were infected with E. tenella, the two lines showed no significant differences in percent bodyweight gain, cecal lesion score, and oocyst production; they differed significantly only in cecal shrinkage. Results suggest that the B system affects chicken embryos and chickens differently in susceptibility to E. tenella infection.
Animals↗