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Biomedical subjects

K Kamata

Publications and source records attributed to K Kamata.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[A photoallergenicity study of prulifloxacin (NM441) in guinea pigs].

Photoallergenicity of prulifloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, was examined using guinea pigs compared with those of the other quinolone antibacterial drugs, ofloxacin (OFLX), lomefloxacin (LFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), enoxacin (ENX) and nalidixic acid (NA). Prulifloxacin and other drugs were orally administered at minimal phototoxic doses 1 hr before UVA (18 J/cm2) irradiation. This photosensitization procedure was daily repeated for 5 days. On 16 days after the final sensitization, the animals were challenged with UVA (18 J/cm2) after the administration of correspondent substances at maximal non-phototoxic doses. Photoallergic reactions were induced by OFLX (40 mg/kg), LFLX (3 mg/kg), CPFX (170 mg/kg) and ENX (80 mg/kg), but were not observed in prulifloxacin (170 mg/kg) and NA (30 mg/kg). These results show that photoallergenicity of prulifloxacin were less severe than those of the other quinolone antibacterial drugs under the conditions of this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of electrical stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus on the nociceptive neuron of the cortex (SI) in the cat.

The effect of conditioning stimulation of the central amygdaloid nucleus (ACE) on the response of tooth pulp-driven (TPD) neurons in the first somatosensory cortex (SI) was investigated in cats anesthetized with N2O-O2 (2:1) and 0.5% halothane. The tooth pulp test stimulus was a single 30-450 microA rectangular pulse, and the conditioning stimuli of the ACE were trains of 33 pulses (300 microA) delivered at 330 Hz. The ACE conditioning stimulation markedly suppressed the response of the slow-type neurons with latencies of more than 20 ms without any effect on the discharges of fast-type TPD neurons and spontaneous discharges. This inhibition was 68.9 +/- 24.7% (mean +/- SD) of the control. These findings suggest that there are at least two pathways for the ascending pulpal (nociceptive) information to the SI, and that the ACE modulates the transmission of impulses in one of the pathways.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1996

Increased serum concentrations of pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in patients with renal dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Gastrin-releasing peptide has a prominent role as a tumour marker in the diagnosis of small-cell lung carcinoma. This study was designed to assess the validity of a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pro-gastrin-releasing peptide in patients with renal and systemic diseases. METHODS: Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide concentrations in sera from normal subjects and patients with small-cell lung carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic glomerulonephritis, or undialysed or dialysed chronic renal failure were measured with the TND-4 Kit, a newly developed ELISA for pro-gastrin-releasing peptide. RESULTS: All of the patients with normal renal function, whether they had diabetes mellitus (n=16), rheumatoid arthritis (n=10), systemic lupus erythematosus (n=12) or chronic glomerulonephritis (n=14), had serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide concentrations less than 46 ng/l, the upper limit in normal subjects. In contrast, 14 or 16 patients (88%) with small-cell lung carcinoma, who had normal renal function, and 25 of 26 (96%) patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis had serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide concentrations greater than 46 ng/l. The highest serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide levels in patients with chronic renal failure, before and after initiating haemodialysis were 183 and 290 ng/l respectively. Ten of 16 (63%) small-cell lung carcinoma patients had serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide concentrations greater than 290 ng/l, the highest level in haemodialysed patients. Serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide concentrations were also elevated in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis or diabetes mellitus when their serum creatinine concentrations were greater than 120 micromol/l. And, there was a significant correlation, y=23.5+0.15x(n=22, r=0.82, P<0.001),between serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (y, in ng/l) and serum creatine (x in micromol/l) concentrations in those patients with renal dysfunction. The correlation between serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide and serum urea nitrogen concentrations was likewise significant. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of patients as to their renal functional state may be mandatory when serum pro-gastrin-releasing peptide levels are to be applied as one of the diagnostic tools for small-cell lung carcinoma or as a marker monitoring their clinical course.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Relaxation response to the rat stomach fundus to methylene blue.

When methylene blue (10(-4) M) was applied to the rat stomach fundus precontracted with 10(-6) M serotonin in the presence of 10(-6)M atropine and 10(-6) M guanethidine, slowly developing relaxation was induced. Methylene blue (10(-4) M) increased cyclic AMP but not cyclic GMP levels in the stomach fundus. These results suggest that methylene blue may relax the rat stomach fundus through cyclic AMP formation.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Intracranial fungal granuloma with CSF space dissemination: a case report].

A 28-year-old male presented with a low grade fever, decreased activity, left hemiparesis and signs of intracranial hypertension. CT showed a moderate hydrocephalus and a large irregular mass in the right temporoparietal region with garland-like enhancement after injection of the contract medium. These findings suggested a malignant brain tumor. MR images demonstrated a mass with low-iso signal intensity on T1 weighted image and low-iso-high mixed intensity on T2, which is like a mosaic pattern. Multiple cerebrospinal fluid space seedings including the wall of the lateral ventricle, the surface of the cerebellum and pons, and the cervical spinal cord were clearly delineated on MR images after Gd-DTPA injection. The large mass was totally removed by craniotomy after ventricle drainage for hydrocephalus. Microscopic examinations showed dense fibrous connective tissue with infiltration of Langhans' giant cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts around the necrotic centers. These hard components may have been responsible for the low signal intensity on T2-MR images. Many Candida elements were clearly shown with the periodic acid Schiff stain. The diagnosis was that the lesion was an intraparenchymal granuloma due to Candida infection. The patient died on the 8th postoperative day because of brain stem malfunction. Intracranial fungal infection rarely produces a granuloma in the central nervous system. Though it is difficult to diagnose a large irregular mass in the brain, MR images, especially T2 weighted images are useful for the diagnosis of fungal granuloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation of the isolated basilar artery from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

In the isolated rat basilar artery, acetylcholine (ACh) caused concentration-dependent relaxation. The relaxation induced by ACh was significantly inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (10(-4) M) or isotonic high K+ medium (30 mM) but not by treatment with indomethacin (3 x 10(-5) M) or glibenclamide (10(-6) M). The relaxation was abolished by the combined treatment with L-NNA and isotonic high K+ (30 mM). The relaxation caused by ACh was significantly attenuated in the basilar artery from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. L-NNA caused contractile response in the isolated basilar artery and this response was significantly attenuated in diabetic rats. IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine)-induced relaxation response was slightly but significantly attenuated in diabetic rats. The relaxation of the basilar artery caused by sodium nitroprusside was not significantly different between control and diabetic rats. In the present study, we were the first to report that the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the isolated rat basilar artery in response to ACh was significantly impaired during STZ-induced diabetic rats.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1995

Juberg-Marsidi syndrome: report of an additional case.

We report on a 2-year-old boy with Juberg-Marsidi syndrome. He has mental retardation, short stature, micropenis, cryptorchidism, and minor facial abnormalities. His Leydig cells responded to the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin and there were positive responses of LH and FSH to the administration of LH-RH. He showed normal weight gain and head circumference which have not been described previously. The association of Juberg-Marsidi syndrome with HbH disease was ruled out in the propositus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1995

Thrombosed tricuspid valves presenting some 20 years after the surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly: report of two cases.

We present herein the cases of two patients who were diagnosed as having thrombosed tricuspid valves by electrocardiography after undergoing valve replacement with Starr-Edwards caged ball valves for Ebstein's anomaly 19 and 27 years earlier. In both patients, the valves were found to be attached to the right ventricular septum and covered with massive thrombus, the balls being completely jammed in a half-open position in the cages. Re-replacement of the valves was successfully performed with Hancock II porcine heterograft prostheses and both patients are now classified as being in Functional Class I or II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Therapeutic drama activity for the cognitively impaired elderly in a nursing home.

The use of drama as a nightly activity for the cognitively impaired elderly patients at the Sakubara skilled nursing home commenced in 1989. Although it was started for the pleasure of the patients, and not for a therapeutic purpose, positive behavioral changes were observed. The therapeutic effects of the activity were measured and reported. Based on our 7-year experience and research, the definition, goals, structure, and conceptual framework of therapeutic drama activity were developed; the skills used in this activity and its cultural background are discussed. Finally, the philosophical background of the nursing home that promotes the therapeutic effects is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor does not contribute to the decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

1. We examined the contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) to the impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation caused by acetylcholine (ACh) in the aorta of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, by using N omega-L-nitro-arginine methylester (L-NAME) and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) and EDHF, respectively. 2. ACh-induced relaxation of the aorta decreased in diabetic rats. In contrast, sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation was the same in diabetic rats and control rats. 3. Treatment with 5 x 10(-7) M L-NAME resulted in a right shift of the dose-response curves of ACh-induced relaxation in the aorta. The shift was greater in the control aorta. 4. Treatment with 5 x 10(-4) M TEA resulted in a similar right shift in both the control and diabetic aorta. 5. Therefore, while endothelium-derived NO appears to contribute to the impairment of ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in the aorta of diabetic rats, EDHF does not.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

Branch retinal vein occlusion in a child with ocular sarcoidosis.

PURPOSE/METHODS: A 13-year-old girl had unilateral iridocyclitis and periphlebitis. The periphlebitis exacerbated, and macular edema as well as branch retinal vein occlusion developed. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: The lesions responded well to systemic corticosteroids. Histologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis was obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. Ocular lesions in this child were similar to those seen in adult sarcoidosis. Branch retinal vein occlusion may occur as a rare vascular complication of sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Contribution of peroxidation products to oxidative inactivation of rat liver microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase.

Exposure of rat liver microsomes to ascorbic acid/Fe(2+) caused decreases in the membrane-bound glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-Pase) activity and the protein thiols after a short lag period (4 min). Under the same conditions, the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and fluorescent products was also initiated from 4 min after the start of the treatment, although conjugated diene was formed immediately on incubation of the microsomes with ascorbic acid/Fe(2+). After centrifugation of the treated microsomes, the fluorescent products and the enzyme activity remained in the membrane fraction. The results of kinetic studies of the enzyme activity indicated that ascorbic acid/Fe(2+)-induced inhibition of the enzyme activity is mainly due to an increased Km value for the substrate. A decreased activity of the microsomal G-6-Pase was also observed when the microsomes were incubated with aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, n-heptaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and trans-2-nonenal. However, loss of protein thiols was detected only upon treatment of the microsomes with trans-2-nonenal. Glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P)effectively prevented ascorbic acid/Fe(2+)- or trans-2-nonenal-induced inhibition of the enzyme activity, but the substrate failed to protect the protein thiols in both systems. The results of fluorescence anisotropy measurements of diphenylhexatriene-labeled microsomes suggested that changes in the lipid dynamics are not directly related to peroxidation- mediated inhibition of the enzyme activity. Based on these results, a possible reason for the inhibition of the microsomal G-6-Pase activity associated with ascorbic acid/Fe(2+) treatment is discussed.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1995

Regional cerebral blood flow measurement using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurement using Tc-99m HMPAO angiography and SPECT was performed in a patient with adrenoleukodystrophy. The whole brain CBF showed great reduction to 31 ml/100 g/min as compared with an age-matched normal value of 45.9 ml/100 g/min. rCBF showed extremely decreased values of approximately 28 and 10 ml/100 g/min in bilateral frontal cortex and white matter respectively. The SPECT scan provided useful information on gray matter involvement to MRI findings of widespread white matter lesions. This quantitative nuclear medicine technique may contribute to pathophysiologic evaluation of adrenoleukodystrophy complementary with MRI.

Adrenoleukodystrophy↗
PubMed1995

Effects of phorbol ester on vasodilation induced by endothelium-dependent or endothelium-independent vasodilators in the mesenteric arterial bed.

The effects of phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), on vasodilation induced by endothelium-dependent or independent vasodilators in the mesenteric arterial bed were examined. In mesentery precontracted with methoxamine, acetylcholine (ACh) produced a concentration-dependent vasodilation, but ACh-induced vasodilation was significantly reduced when the tonus of the mesentery was raised by an equieffective concentration of PMA. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and forskolin also caused a concentration-dependent relaxation in the mesenteric arterial bed pre-contracted with methoxamine, but could not induce relaxation in mesentery precontracted with PMA. In mesentery precontracted with PMA or methoxamine, ACh-induced vasodilation was significantly inhibited by tetraethylammonium (TEA), but not by ouabain, glibenclamide, or apamin. ACh-induced vasodilation was significantly inhibited by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), whereas L-NNA was not capable of effectively inhibiting the ACh-induced vasodilation of the mesentery precontracted with PMA. These results suggest that stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester (PMA) in the mesenteric arterial bed inhibits the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) in response to cyclic nucleotides. Furthermore, the endothelium of the mesenteric arterial bed may release endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), in addition to nitric oxide (NO), into the mesentery.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1995

[Seroepidemiology of human parvovirus B19 using recombinant VP1 + VP2 particle antigen].

Antibody prevalence to B19 virus in Japan was previously reported with 1973 and 1984 serum collections. Since then we have had two big epidemics of erythema infectiosum in Japan: 1986-87 and 1991-92. In an attempt to estimate how much those epidemics have affected seroprevalence to B19 virus infection, we studied seroepidemiology in three separate areas using a newly developed ELISA system consisting of recombinant VP1 + VP2 particle antigen. Total of 900 sera obtained in 1993 from healthy individuals living in northern, central and southwest parts of Japan were assayed for the presence of anti B19 IgG antibody. In the first, the new assay system was compared with our conventional assay system in which native B19 virus particles were used as antigen. Of 220 serum samples tested, 212 (96.4%) gave same results in both assays. Remaining 8 samples which gave variable results were those of near cut off values. We concluded that this new ELISA system can be recommended for seroepidemiological use. Antibody prevalence rates were 10% (0-4 y), 54% (5-9 y), 59% (10-14 y), 46% (15-19 Y), 38% (20-29 y), 48% (30-39 y), 64% (40-49y) and 76% (50 y-). No gender difference was observed. Comparison of antibody prevalences in 1973, 1984 and 1993 suggested that approximately 10% (about 8 million people) of the total population under 40 years of age acquired immunity to B19 virus during one epidemic period.

Adolescent↗