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Biomedical subjects

K Jones

Publications and source records attributed to K Jones.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
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Children's nursing in Russia: the future generation of professionals.

Nurses in Russia are trained by doctors who continue to define nurses' role after qualification. A children's hospital in Moscow, assisted by workers from a British charity, the Tushinskaya Children's Hospital Trust, is currently attempting to give nurses more autonomy and control. The project focuses on the examination and delivery of nursing care within the context of the Russian healthcare system. The aim of the project is to improve the holistic care of the hospitalized child and his/her family. Healthcare workers receive training in family-centered care, the emotional care of the child, interpersonal skills and infection control. Teachers, in conjunction with a Moscow medical school, run a course in paediatric nursing. A formal evaluation of the project is difficult because of the cultural differences in the measurement of quality. However, there are plans to use a model ward which was set up by Russian and British colleagues at the Tushinskaya Children's Hospital as an example of good practice to other hospitals in Moscow.

Child↗
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Dental caries in children under age three attending a university clinic.

PURPOSE: The aim of study was to determine the rates of dental caries and assess the restorative needs of children under three years of age attending an urban university clinic from 1993-1997. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data were abstracted from patient records and included demographic information, caries experience, and restorative needs. RESULTS: Gender distribution of the sample included 55% males and 45% females. The study population was predominantly African-American (51%) and Hispanic (34%), with a mean age of 20 months. A majority of the population had dental benefits through Medicaid (92%). Nearly one-third of the study population and as many as 56% of the children between 24 and 36 months had dental caries. Among those off the bottle (50%), children with severe dental caries had been weaned off the bottle at a significantly older age compared to those without any caries (16.9 vs. 10 months, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further validity to the early oral health exam and early dental treatment, not only for preventive measures but also for restorative needs. The relatively high prevalence of early childhood caries could have been prevented by appropriate primary preventive strategies.

Age Distribution↗
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The management of forearm fractures in children: a plea for conservatism.

A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of primary nonoperative treatment (closed reduction and long-arm casting) along with pins and plaster as a salvage technique for those reduction failures. A total of 730 closed fractures (1987-1993) was compiled, of which 300 required closed reductions and casting. Excluded from the study were teenagers whose growth plates were closed. Of the 300 fractures requiring closed reductions, 22 went on to require remanipulations, and 12 required the use of pins-and-plaster technique to obtain or maintain satisfactory reduction. Complications in the group treated in this manner included two superficial pin infections treated with antibiotics and two forearms with moderate loss of pronation/supination not requiring treatment. We believe that closed reduction of pediatric forearm fractures remains the accepted standard and the technique of pins and plaster should be considered a reliable alternative for the unstable injuries.

Adolescent↗
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Black cohosh: efficacy, safety, and use in clinical and preclinical applications.

Actaea racemosa L (formerly Cimicifuga racemosa [L] Nutt) (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black cohosh, is an herb native to Eastern North America. Black cohosh has a history of traditional use among Native Americans for the treatment of a variety of disorders, including various conditions unique to women such as amenorrhea and menopause. Contemporary uses of black cohosh are primarily geared toward the treatment of symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, and menopausal anxiety and depression. Extracts also have been shown to be useful for younger women suffering hormonal deficits following ovariectomy or hysterectomy, as well as for juvenile menstrual disorders. A number of clinical studies using Remifemin, a standardized extract, have demonstrated efficacy for the alleviation of menopausal complaints. The safety profile of black cohosh is positive, with low toxicity, few and mild side effects, and good tolerability. In European phytotherapy, Remifemin is commonly prescribed as an effective alternative to hormone replacement therapy for menopause.

Cimicifuga↗
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Efficacy, safety, and use of ginkgo biloba in clinical and preclinical applications.

Ginkgo biloba is a dioecious tree with a history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Although the seeds are most commonly employed in traditional Chinese medicine, in recent years standardized extracts of the leaves have been widely sold as a phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement in the United States. The primary active constituents of the leaves include flavonoid glycosides and unique diterpenes known as ginkgolides; the latter are potent inhibitors of platelet activating factor. Clinical studies have shown that ginkgo extracts exhibit therapeutic activity in a variety of disorders including Alzheimer's disease, failing memory, age-related dementias, poor cerebral and ocular blood flow, congestive symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, and the prevention of altitude sickness. Due in part to its potent antioxidant properties and ability to enhance peripheral and cerebral circulation, ginkgo's primary application lies in the treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunctions and peripheral vascular disorders.

Antioxidants↗
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Australian doctors and their postgraduate qualifications.

BACKGROUND: A key activity for doctors is lifelong learning. This may be as part of professional development, vocational registration, formal postgraduate study, e.g. university diplomas and degrees, or vocational training which leads to fellowship of a professional college. However, there are significant barriers of time and cost that prevent many doctors from participating in lifelong learning. METHOD: We examined the range of basic and postgraduate qualifications held by a representative sample of 1198 doctors provided by the HIC of Australian doctors. DISCUSSION: Significant numbers of general practitioners practise without a formal postgraduate qualification in general practice, unlike our specialist colleagues. However, postgraduate studies are undertaken in a variety of other formats and qualifications.

Australia↗
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Accepting motherhood.

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Adaptation, Psychological↗
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Expectant fears.

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Fear↗