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Biomedical subjects

K Johnson

Publications and source records attributed to K Johnson.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Mixing of antacids with stomach contents. Another approach to the prevention of the acid aspiration (Mendelson's) syndrome.

An investigation was carried out into the readiness with which magnesium trisilicate mixture BPC, Andursil suspension (Geigy) and 0.33 M aqueous sodium citrate mixed with gastric contents, to evaluate their suitability for use as an antacid before the induction of anaesthesia in obstetric patients. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that magnesium trisilicate and Andursil did not mix adequately with gastric contents, whereas sodium citrate mixed readily. A clinical investigation of sodium citrate revealed significant improvement in the mixing of gastric juice with the antacid if the patient was turned into the right lateral position following its administration (p < 0.05), but highly significant improvement followed a rotation through 360 degrees (p < 0.005). It was thought that these findings were caused by the division of the stomach into two sacs, a phenomenon confirmed by radiological studies and the use of a pig's stomach as a model of the human stomach.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1980

Vinblastine, bleomycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in the treatment of advanced testicular carcinoma. Possible importance of longer induction and shorter maintenance schedules.

Twenty-eight patients with stage III or recurrent stage I or II testicular cancer were treated with four to six cycles of vinblastine, bleomycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, and then with vinblastine maintenance for one year. With a median follow-up of more than 20.5 months for all patients, complete remission has been achieved with chemotherapy and operation in 23 (82 per cent). One of these 23 patients has had a relapse, and only three are still receiving maintenance therapy. The toxicity incurred by the extra cycles of chemotherapy in patients with extensive disease was no greater than that experienced by patients receiving smaller doses of drugs. These results confirm the high response rate reported for this combination of drugs and strongly suggest that some relapses after complete remission can be prevented by longer remission induction schedules. The value of maintenance therapy is questionable and needs further study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic effects of feeding protected tallow to dairy cows.

Twelve Holstein cows were matched into pairs after 7 days lactation. Each was fed 1 kg of grain concentrate per 3 kg milk and corn silage free choice. At 2 wk, one cow from each pair was maintained on this diet and the other was fed a protected tallow product mixed with the grain concentrate, 1 to 2, providing 25% of metabolizable energy as fat. For 14 wk, milk fat production was 12.4% higher and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for lactation was 8.0 to 13.6% higher in tallow-fed cows. These had higher concentrations of glucose in plasma and cholesterol in serum and lower concentrations of acetoacetate and betahydroxybutyrate in plasma. At 16 wk, cows were fed in two groups, the concentrate to milk ratio was 1:4 and silage intake 41 kg/day. Digestible protein was reduced from 118 g/kg dry matter to only 80 g/kg. Milk production declined rapidly, so that duration of lactation averaged only 163 days in both groups. Protected tallow conferred metabolic advantages during the first 16 wk of lactation. Its influence on the duration of lactation requires further study in cows fed adequate protein.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The role of a trial of labor with a positive contraction stress test.

During a 28 month period 812 patients underwent antepartum FHR testing. Twenty-eight patients had a positive CST. There were two antepartum fetal deaths and 11 patients had a cesarean section without a trial of labor. Fifteen patients had a trial of closely monitored labor (continuous FHR and fetal scalp blood sampling when indicated) and 11 of these (73%) were delivered vaginally. The CST records were examined for: per cent late deceleration, baseline FHR, presence of FHR accelerations, duration of the latency period (time from onset of contraction to onset of deceleration), and amplitude of deceleration. The absence of accelerations (nonreactive CST) and a latency period of less than 45 seconds both predicted persistent late deceleration during labor or fetal death in utero but statistical significance was found only for the latter parameter.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1979

Rhabdoviridae. Report of the Rhabdovirus Study Group, International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses.

The family Rhabdoviridae comprises approximately 75 viruses infecting vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. The main characteristics of the member viruses are: (i) the viruses infecting vertebrates and invertebrates are bullet-shaped and the viruses infecting plants are usually bacilliform; (ii) the viruses have particle lengths varying from 130 to 380 nm and widths varying from 60 to 95 nm; (iii) the viruses possess unit-membrane envelopes from which protrude spikes 5 to 10 nm long; (iv) the viruses have precisely coiled helical nuecleocapsids with a diameter of approx. 50 nm; (v) most of the viruses which have been studied contain 5 proteins; the prototype, vesicular stomatitis virus, contains proteins designated L (large), G (glycoprotein), N (nucleoprotein), NS (nonstructural) and M (matrix); N or NS is phosphorylated in most members which have been studied; (vi) the viruses contain single-stranded RNA which is transcribed into several messenger RNA species with sizes corresponding to the structural proteins; (vii) the nucleocapsid contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and is infectious; and (viii) many of the viruses produce morphologically distinct defective-interfering (T) particles.

RNA, Viral↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy caused by intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia in the rat.

This study reports the effects in an animal model of intermittent exposure to hypoxic, hypercapnic gas mixture on pulmonary artery pressure, packed cell volume, ventricular weights, and lung growth. Rats were exposed in chambers for 8 hours to an inspired O2 fraction of 0.10 and an inspired CO2 fraction of 0.06 in alternation with exposure for 16 hours to room air during 21 to 22 days. Control animals were exposed in chambers for 8 hours to compressed air at flow rates similar to those for the test animals, then for 16 hours to room air. Packed cell volume, right ventricular systolic pressure, and the ratio of the right ventricular weight to the weight of the left ventricle plus septum were all significantly greater in the test animals than in the control animals. Lung volume, alveolar number, and surface area were also significantly increased, but only when adjusted for body weight. The increase in right ventricular weight appeared to be due in part to the fact that right ventricular pressure was still increased 16 hours after removal of the hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture. The cause of this sustained increase in right ventricular systolic pressure is unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection in women.

The medical records of 278 women infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae during a 6-month period were reviewed. These represented 75% of the infections in women at Boston City Hospital during this time. Women who presented to the venereal-disease clinic because they had had contact with an infected man and women who were found to be infected during routine examinations in the obstetrics-and-gynaecology clinic were usually free of symptoms or had non-specific symptoms such as vaginal discharge. However, these women accounted for only 108 (39%) of the 278 infections. Most of the infections were in women who presented to the emergency-care areas of the hospital with symptomatic gonococcal infections. At least 86 (31%) of the 278 infections were in women who had pelvic inflammatory disease. These data indicate that the clinical spectrum of gonococcal infection varies according to where the patients are seen and that the widely held concept that most gonococcal infections in women are asymptomatic may be erroneous.

Adolescent↗