[It is beneficial to report adverse effects].
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Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
Biomedical subjects
K Jensen
Publications and source records attributed to K Jensen.
Consecutive inactivation of both alleles of the gb110 gene has no effect on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.
The gene gb110 was originally identified by provirus integration in the Mov10 mouse strain and encodes a 110-kDa protein with potential GTP-binding activity. The gene is evolutionarily conserved, and its expression is controlled in a developmentally and cell-cycle-specific manner, suggesting that it has an important function in differentiation and development. As a first step in studying the functional role of gb110, embryonal stem (ES) cell lines were derived in which both gb110 alleles were inactivated by consecutive gene targeting via homologous recombination. The first allele was interrupted by integration of a neomycin resistance-encoding gene (neo) and, subsequently, the second allele by integration of a hygromycin B resistance-encoding gene (hyg). Selection for homologous recombination was achieved by using promoter and AUG codon-deficient hyg or neo whose expression was dependent on integration into the host genome next to the transcriptional and translational start signals. The efficiency of gb110 gene targeting was very high, with 85-100% of all drug-resistant colonies having undergone homologous recombination. ES cells lacking a functional gb110 were indistinguishable from the wild-type ES cells, indicating that this gene is not required for normal ES cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro.
Alleles↗
[Siberian psychiatry--prison camps?].
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Hospitals, Psychiatric↗
The effect of indomethacin upon cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. The influence of moderate hypoxia and hypercapnia.
In a randomized study of healthy volunteers indomethacin bolus injection followed by continuous infusion decreased CBF from normal levels ranging from 45 to 80 ml/100 g/min to levels ranging from 24 to 57 ml/100 g/min. These low levels were sustained during a six hour infusion period. Periods of hypoxia during inhalation of 17% oxygen and hypercapnia during inhalation of 2-4% CO2 normalized CBF.
Adolescent↗
Genotoxicity testing of the herbicide Roundup and its active ingredient glyphosate isopropylamine using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test, Salmonella mutagenicity test, and Allium anaphase-telophase test.
The genotoxic potential of the herbicide Roundup and its active agent, glyphosate isopropylamine salt, was studied in three different assays. No clastogenic effects were found in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test for either of the two agents. In the Salmonella assay only Roundup was tested. It showed a weak mutagenic effect for the concentrations 360 micrograms/plate in TA98 (without S9) and 720 micrograms/plate in TA100 (with S9). These concentrations are close to the toxic level. The anaphase-telophase Allium test showed no effect for the glyphosate isopropylamine salt, but a significant increase in chromosome aberrations appeared after treatment with Roundup at concentrations of 1.44 and 2.88 mg/l when calculated as glyphosate isopropylamine. The most frequent aberrations observed could be characterized as disturbances of the spindle.
Allium↗
The effects of knee effusion on quadriceps strength and knee intraarticular pressure.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varied amounts of effusion on quadriceps strength and knee intraarticular pressure (IAP) during active knee movement. Five subjects had 60 ml of saline, in 20 ml increments, infused into the right knee. Quadriceps strength and knee IAP were continuously measured at each level of effusion, while the subject performed isokinetic knee exercises. A control group of five subjects performed the same exercises, but with no saline infusion. No significant changes in quadriceps strength were seen in the control group. In the experimental group, quadriceps strength decreased as the amount of effusion increased, and increased following aspiration. The greatest decrease in strength occurred at those knee positions where IAP was highest (full flexion and extension). Results of this study indicate that quadriceps strength is diminished and IAP markedly increased when an effused knee is exercised.
Adult↗
Advanced rehabilitation nursing care of coronary angioplasty patients using self-efficacy theory.
The rapidly increasing numbers of patients who experience coronary angioplasty have not been widely studied concerning their rehabilitation, risk factor modification, health maintenance and role resumption. Bandura's self-efficacy theory serves as the framework of a study designed to explore the efficacy expectations for and behavioural performance of walking, following a diet, health maintenance, resumption of role and return to work in angioplasty patients. Based in this study, assessment and intervention strategies used by cardiovascular clinical nurse specialist authors are described with a clinical example.
Adult↗
Microscale distribution of nitrification activity in sediment determined with a shielded microsensor for nitrate.
Microprofiles of O(2) and NO(3) were measured simultaneously in freshwater sediment with microsensors which were completely free from electrical interference because of coaxial designs. Depth profiles of nitrification (NO(3) production) and denitrification (NO(3) consumption) were subsequently determined by computer simulation of the measured microprofiles. The nitrifying bacterial community responded very quickly to changes in environmental conditions, and new steady-state microprofiles of O(2) and NO(3) were usually approached within a few hours after perturbation. Nitrification started quickly after introduction of O(2) in previously anoxic layers, suggesting prolonged survival of the nitrifiers during anaerobiosis. Changes in the availability of O(2) and NH(4) greatly affected the nitrification profile, and there was a high rate of coupled nitrification-denitrification under conditions in which nitrification occurred right above the oxic-anoxic interface. Addition of C(2)H(2) rapidly removed the NO(3) peaks, indicating that NO(3) production was due mainly to autotrophic nitrification.
Journal Article↗
A three-nucleotide insertion in the H stem-loop of the 5' untranslated region of Theiler's virus attenuates neurovirulence.
The highly structured 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus is involved in cap-independent translation of the viral RNA. Previously, we reported that the bicistronic mRNA chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-5' UTR-luciferase (Luc) efficiently expressed Luc both in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and when transfected into BHK-21 cells. Insertion of 3 nucleotides at position 665 in the 5' UTR of this bicistronic mRNA resulted in greatly reduced Luc expression in BHK-21 cells but had little effect on expression of Luc in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. This mutation was also introduced into a virulent Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus chimera, Chi-VL. The kinetics of viral RNA and protein synthesis and virus production in BHK-21 cells were slower for the mutant chimera [Chi-VL(IN668)] than for Chi-VL; however, the final virus yields were comparable. Intracerebral inoculation of mice with the chimeras revealed that Chi-VL(IN668) was completely attenuated in neurovirulence. The reduced neurovirulence of Chi-VL(IN668) may be ascribed to its reduced growth in the central nervous system, most likely due to an impaired ability to synthesize viral proteins.
Animals↗
Assembly of Theiler's virus recombinants used in mapping determinants of neurovirulence.
A major determinant of neurovirulence for the GDVII strain of Theiler's virus, a murine picornavirus, was mapped to the P1 capsid protein region. Chimeric viruses were constructed by using sequences from the 5' noncoding and P1 regions of the virulent GDVII strain to replace equivalent regions of the less virulent BeAn strain. Neurovirulence in mice progressively increased as larger regions of BeAn capsid protein-encoding sequences were replaced. The in vitro growth characteristics of the chimeras showed that some chimeras were growth delayed in BHK-21 cells even though the viral constructs exhibited larger plaque sizes, were less temperature sensitive, and were more thermally stable than BeAn. Examination of assembly intermediates revealed an altered pentamer conformation and delayed empty capsid formation for the growth-compromised viruses. For these constructs, their chimeric nature inadvertently resulted in virion assembly defects that complicated finer-scale mapping of the determinants of virulence within the capsid region. These results demonstrate the importance of determining in vitro growth characteristics of chimeras to correctly decipher the significance of their phenotypes. VP1 does not contain a complete determinate for virulence because a chimera with VP1-encoding sequences from GDVII in an otherwise BeAn virus has an attenuated phenotype but is not growth compromised in vitro. The source of sequences, BeAn or GDVII, in the 5' noncoding region had only slight effects on the virulence of recombinant constructs.
Animals↗
Extracranial blood flow, pain and tenderness in migraine. Clinical and experimental studies.
Migraine pain has traditionally been ascribed to dilatation of primarily extracranial arteries. Such dilatation has, however, not been demonstrated so far. Studies of microcirculation reveal no major hyperperfusion or ischemia in the temporal muscle or the subcutaneous tissue in the temporal region during attacks of migraine. However, a reduction in the orthostatic reactivity of the subcutaneous arterioles was observed on the side of the headache. Increased tenderness of the pericranial myofascial tissues is observed during migraine attacks, particularly on the side of the headache. Increased tension of pericranial muscles on the other hand is not a constant finding and migraine attacks are not induced by experimentally increased tension of the temporal and masseter muscles. Extracranial pain and tenderness may, however, be induced experimentally by intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline and potassium chloride as well as of endogenous substances like bradykinin with 5-hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin with substance P. The extracranial arteries and myofascial structures are both supplied by unmyelinated trigeminal sensory nerve fibers containing a variety of neuropeptides which are released during migraine attacks. Axonal reflexes between extracranial arteries and neighbouring myofascial tissues as well as referred pain mechanisms may account for the observed tenderness during migraine attacks.
Female↗
Association between incidence risk of milk fever and lactation number, breed and season.
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Animals↗
Uncle Sam's loyal nieces: American medical women, citizenship, and war service in World War I.
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Female↗
[Clinical microbiological service in general practice in the municipality of Copenhagen. Experiences from the clinical microbiological department at the Hvidovre Hospital 1987-1991].
Since 1987, the clinical microbiological department in Hvidovre Hospital has served physicians in primary health care in the municipality of Copenhagen with microbiological diagnoses and instruction. This paper describes the service model and experience gained during the past four years. During the observation period, the annual number of analyses doubled. In 1990, 66,460 analyses were performed for a total of 399 physicians. The number of specimens per physician varied from 1 to 1903 with a median value of 95. Chlamydia specimens (CS) and vaginal discharge specimens (VDS) examined for yeasts, Gardnerella and Trichomonas comprised the two largest categories. In spite of the increasing number of specimens, the overall rate of positive samples remained unchanged. Physicians who sent many CS in 1990 scored a significantly lower positive rate than physicians who sent few, however, no corresponding difference was demonstrable for VDS. Thus, there is scarcely evidence to assume that microbiological specimens are taken on less strict indications than previously. The increasing number of specimens reflects rather a hitherto uncovered need for microbiological diagnosis in primary health care. Specialists scored significantly lower positive rates for CS and VDS than general practitioners, which may indicate that these specimens are often repeated unnecessarily, when a patient is referred to a specialist. With a view to decentralizing selected categories of specimens, including VDS, courses in microscopy were held, in which one fourth of the physicians of the region participated. A questionnaire survey evaluating the course showed that there is a great interest among physicians in primary health care to perform simplified microbiological diagnosis, but there is still a great need for training and education.
Denmark↗
[Painful syndromes connected with disseminated sclerosis].
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently regarded as a painless condition. A review of the literature reveals that approximately 2/3 of the patients with multiple sclerosis will experience painful syndromes during the course of disease and that these are associated with the disease. Acute syndromes are described: Trigeminal neuralgia, Lhermitte's sign, optic neuritis and tonic seizure. Chronic syndromes: Dysaesthesia, pain in extremities, muscular spasms, low back pain and headache. The frequency, causes and suggestions for treatment are mentioned. A Danish investigation has revealed that only 42% of a representative section of DS patients received adequate treatment for pain. It is thus concluded that optimal treatment of pain in MS patients is necessary.
Back Pain↗
[Nature products--advertising and acknowledgement].
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Advertising↗
Indomethacin (Confortid) in severe head injury and elevated intracranial pressure (ICP).
In five head-injured patients with cerebral contusion and oedema in whom it was not possible to control ICP by hyperventilation and barbiturate sedation, indomethacin (Confortid) was used as a cerebral vasoconstrictor drug. In all patients indomethacin reduced ICP to below 20 mmHg for several hours. Studies of cerebral circulation and metabolism during indomethacin treatment showed a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF) at 2 hours. After 7 hours, ICP remained below 20 mmHg in three patients, and these still had reduced CBF. In two patients a return of ICP and CBF to pretreatment levels was observed. In all patients indomethacin treatment was followed by a fall in rectal temperature. Outcome scaling has not yet been performed, but all patients left hospital without neurological deficits. The results suggest, that indomethacin is an alternative in the treatment of ICP-hypertension in head-injured patients.
Adult↗
Effect of knee joint laxity on long-loop postural reflexes: evidence for a human capsular-hamstring reflex.
The onset latency and discharge amplitude of preprogrammed postural responses were evaluated in order to determine if the structure of synergistic activation could be altered by ligamentous laxity at the knee joint. Twelve subjects with unilateral and one subject with bilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficiency were tested while standing on a moveable platform. External balance perturbations (6 cm anterior or posterior horizontal displacements of the platform) were presented at velocities ranging from 15 to 35 cm/s. Perturbations were presented under the following experimental conditions: unilateral and bilateral stance, knees fully straight or flexed, and with ankle motion restricted or free. These stance, knee position, and ankle motion conditions were introduced to alter the stress transmitted to the knee joint during movement of the support surface. The automatic postural response was recorded from the tibialis anterior (T), quadriceps (Q), and medial hamstrings muscles (H) bilaterally. The normal response to an externally induced backward sway involved the automatic activation of T and Q at latencies of 80 ms and 90 ms respectively. Activation of the hamstrings in the non-injured extremity was not coupled with the postural response. Hamstrings are not typically involved in the correction posterior sway because H activation would tend to pull the center of mass further backwards. However, when the response in the ACL-deficient extremity was compared to the non-injured limb: (1) the automatic postural response in the ACL-deficient extremity was restructured to include hamstrings activation (100 ms latency), (2) H activation time was faster and less variable in the ACL-deficient limb, and (3) the ratio of H/Q discharge amplitude integrated over 100 ms and 200 ms from the onset of EMG activation showed a dominance of hamstring activity during unilateral stance on the lax limb. In addition, H/Q ratios integrated over 200 ms showed dominant hamstring activity in the ACL-deficient limb during bilateral stance. (4) Cross-limb comparisons showed greater normalized IEMG amplitudes for T, H, and Q during unilateral stance on the lax limb. These results suggest that a capsular-hamstring reflex is integrated into the existing structure of a preprogrammed postural synergy in order to compensate for ligamentous laxity. Furthermore, the generalized increase of response gain observed during perturbations of unilateral stance on the lax limb indicates that joint afference can modulate central programming to control localized joint hypermobility. A concept of postural control is discussed with respect to the capsular reflex, joint loading and displacement of the center of gravity.
Adolescent↗