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Biomedical subjects

K Jayakumar

Publications and source records attributed to K Jayakumar.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Histological changes in intestine in semichronic diarrhoea induced by lactose enriched diet in rats: effect of Diarex-Vet.

Efficacy of Diarex-Vet (The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Bangalore, India) was evaluated histologically in semichronic diarrhoea induced by lactose enriched diet in rats. The rats in different groups were given lactose enriched diet alone for 2 days before starting the treatment with Diarex-Vet at a dose of 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weight along with lactose enriched diet for 5 days. Animals were euthanised at the end of 5 days of treatment and histological changes were observed in the ileum, caecum and colon. Semiquantitative analysis of goblet cells in intestines showed dose dependent response among the treated groups. The morphological changes were comparable to normal in the group given 750 mg/kg body wt Diarex-Vet. The effects observed were attributed to the lactase like analogous activity of Diarex-Vet or the inhibition of the osmotic processes in the intestinal lumen thereby reducing the morphological changes in the intestines.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Delayed extradural hematoma: a case report.

Three patients of delayed extradural hematoma (EDH) were seen in the last one year among forty eight consecutively treated cases of EDH. All the three hematomas were evacuated. Awareness of this entity and a high degree of vigilance are strongly recommended to detect such cases. Repeat CT should always be done, especially after decompression by either surgical or medical means, recovery from shock or whenever there is evidence of even minimal bleeding under a skull fracture on initial CT scan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Effect of ciprofloxacin on specific immune response in rabbits.

Ciprofloxacin (10 mg/kg body weight, iv, twice daily for 4 days) failed to alter specific antibody titres, total immunoglobulin concentration, total serum protein concentration, total leukocyte count, lymphocyte percentage, phagocytic index and skin thickness in DNCB skin sensitivity test against Brucella plain killed antigen in New Zealand White rabbits. It can be concluded that ciprofloxacin at the dose and duration employed did not adversely affect specific immune response in normal rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

The adult-specific ubiquinone Q(8) functions as an antioxidant in the filarial parasite, Setaria digitata.

The filarial parasite Setaria digitata is unique in having two ubiquinones, Q(6) and Q(8), in the adult stage, in place of one, namely Q(10), in the host. However, the microfilariae (mf) as well as the electron transfer complexes from adult mitochondria have been recently shown to contain only Q(6). The second ubiquinone Q(8) is present only in the adult and absent in the mf. Though both Q(6) and Q(8) are present in the adult stage in the ratio 65:35, there is an enrichment of Q(8) in the excretory and secretory (ES) materials released into the incubation medium. The Q(6) level in the ES materials decreased further when the adult parasite was incubated in presence of diethylcarbamazine, a drug which inhibits the release of mf, indicating that the Q(6) detected in ES may be of mf origin. The preferential release of Q(8) into the external medium and its presence in the adult stage without any apparent role in the electron transport process strongly indicate an antioxidant role for the molecule. The inhibitory effect of Q(8) on lipid peroxidation and the presence of other components such as catalase and superoxide dismutase shown to be present in ES materials in earlier studies help the filarial parasite survive for longer periods by overcoming the oxidative reactions of the host generated against it.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Functional importance of the different ubiquinones in the filarial parasite Setaria digitata.

The cattle filarial parasite Setaria digitata is reported to have two ubiquinones, Q6 and Q8. These quinones are synthesized within the parasite itself and are not of host origin. Maximum concentration is found in the mitochondria of the parasite. When both Q6 and Q8 are formed and present in the adult stage, the microfilarial stage is now shown to contain only one quinone, namely Q6. Both in the adult and the mf stage, Q6 is associated with the process of electron transport. Though reduction of oxygen in S. digitata results in the generation of high concentrations of oxidants, antioxidants such as catalase and tocopherol are present in relatively lower concentrations. Hence it is proposed that the higher ubiquinone Q8 which is not involved in the electron transport process, is functioning as an antioxidant compensating for the reduced levels of classical antioxidants.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A case of cerebral toxoplasmosis.

A histopathologically proven case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a young HIV positive patient has been presented. The clinical problems in management are highlighted.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hemianomalous pulmonary venous connection of the left lung surgically corrected.

Hemianomalous pulmonary venous connection is a rare congenital abnormality that leads to significant left-to-right shunt and complications related to that. Earlier surgical correction of this disorder was associated with the problem of stenosis at the anastomotic site with the left atrium. We describe the diagnosis of this abnormality in a 24-year-old woman and present the details of surgery to avoid the stenosis at the site of anastomosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Abate--its value as a cyclopscide.

Guinea worm disease is highly endemic in Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh. The effect of Abate on the vector cyclops was studied and was found to be very encouraging.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenotype gradation of human saphenous vein endothelial cells from cardiovascular disease subjects.

The highly organized histological architecture of the vascular wall and the specialized cellular phenotypes are perturbed in conditions such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension. Alterations of endothelial cell (EC) phenotype in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as an effect of alteration of extracellular matrix (ECM) composition have not been well understood. In vitro study of EC phenotype is limited because they tend to dedifferentiate in subcultures. The objective of this study was to use in vitro cell culture on a biomimetic matrix model to characterize phenotype of human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVECs) harvested from CVD patients. Parameters studied were mRNA expression and synthesis of von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activation inhibitor (PAI), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS). Proliferation and apoptosis of HSVEC cultures obtained from eight different patients were compared on two matrices until passage 12. In early passages, both the prothombotic molecules vWF and PAI were overexpressed, whereas the antithrombotic molecules t-PA and eNOS were underexpressed. With increase in passage number, low expression of prothrombotic molecules and high expression of antithrombotic molecules were seen in cells on the model matrix. But when cells were grown on conventional gelatin-coated polystyrene, expression of prothrombotic molecules amplified further and antithrombotic molecules lessened with the progression of passages. On the model matrix HSVECs showed good proliferation rate and survival through several passages. It is demonstrated that matrix composition can influence switching of EC phenotypes into pro/antithrombotic states. This matrix model may be suitable to study the effect of exogenous factors on EC dysfunction with respect to CVD.

Apoptosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Usefulness of an observational database to assess antiretroviral treatment trends in India.

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) observational cohorts, which are established worldwide, support comparative studies across different regions. They have played an important role in developing international and country-specific HIV treatment and care guidelines. We describe the YRG CARE Chennai HIV observation database (YCHOD) and highlight its utility in monitoring trends in antiretroviral treatment use and HIV disease outcomes in India. METHODS: The baseline characteristics, time trends in antiretroviral treatment, trends in incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illness and mortality following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in India were assessed using YCHOD. RESULTS: Till January 2005, 7647 HIV-positive patients had registered in YCHOD. A majority of the patients were men (69%) and had a mean age of 32 years. At baseline, 14% had an existing AIDS-defining illness. Among patients who required therapy by the WHO criteria, 14% initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 and 35% in 2000. Since the dramatic cost reduction of generic HAART in 2001, there has been an increase in the proportion of patients receiving ART to 57% in 2004. In patients who were started on HAART, the incidence of at least one AIDS-defining illness was 2% in 2001, and this decreased to 0.48% in 2004. CONCLUSION: We feel observational cohorts are useful as a surveillance tool for monitoring trends in treatment and disease progression. Standardized observational data collected systematically on HIV-infected individuals will help to assess the cost-effectiveness of ART and in planning ART strategies for India.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗