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Biomedical subjects

K Jamil

Publications and source records attributed to K Jamil.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The effect of subacute administration of a neem pesticide on rat metabolic enzymes.

Acute toxicity of a neem pesticide (Vepacide-Tech) was studied in male Wistar rats by oral (single) intubation for 7 days. Vepacide was found to be moderately toxic to rat based on LD50 value. Subacute toxicity of Vepacide-Tech was also studied in male rats by oral (multiple) intubation of low (80 mg Kg-1 day-1), medium (160 mg Kg-1 day-1) and high dose (320 mg Kg-1 day-1) for 90 days. High dose caused a significant decrease in Cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) concentration at 45 and 90 days and the medium dose caused same effect at 90th day in liver and lung. Kidney showed similar effect at 90 days by the three doses. Cytochrome b5 (Cyt. b5) concentration was significantly decreased in liver, lung and kidney at 45 and 90 days at medium and high doses. Brain Cyt.b5 concentration was decreased on 90th day at high dose. Cytochrome P-450 reductase (Cyt.P-450 reductase) concentration was decreased significantly in liver and brain at 45 and 90 days, respectively at medium and high doses. The withdrawal study (28 days) has shown significant recovery. These results demonstrate that low levels exposure of Vepacide may have significant effect on the xenobiotic detoxification mechanism of different tissues of rat.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Relative performance of different types of passive dosimeters employing solid state nuclear track detectors.

Radon and its progeny, known to be carcinogenic, are a matter of great concern in underground mines and energy conserved air-tight houses. Different shapes of dosimeters using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) have been devised to measure radon concentrations in mines and dwellings. Sometimes intercomparison of results is required by various laboratories working with solid state nuclear track detector-based passive dosimeters. The present work includes the determination of various parameters for a set of dosimeters consisting of (1) box-type, (2) pen-type, (3) tube-type, (4) Karlsruhe Diffusion Chamber, and (5) bare-type dosimeters. In this research two types of plastics, allyl-diglycol-carbonate (C12H18O7) and cellulose nitrate (C6H8O8N2) known as CR-39 and CN-85, respectively, have been employed. The detection efficiency for alpha particles from radon and its progeny for CR-39 and CN-85 have been compared. All experiments have been carried out in a custom-designed exposure chamber connected to a radon source. The calibration factors, in terms of Bq m(-3) per unit track density (1.0 cm(-2)) with respect to box-type dosimeter, have been determined for intercomparison and standardization of measured radon concentrations by a set of passive radon dosimeters used in various laboratories of the world.

Collodion↗
PubMed1997

Influence of naproxen on the healing of open excision wound in rats.

Excision wounds were made on the paravertebral area on the dorsal side of rat under light ether anaesthesia. The wound was a full thickness wound with removal of the skin upto the fascia. Animals were fed the drug naproxen in a gum acacia suspension with low, median and high doses based on the LD50 value of the drug. The animals were dosed upto the time eschar separated and no raw wound was left. Healing was assessed by planimetric measurement of the wound, periodically, thereby following wound closure by contraction. Granulation tissue formation and wound strength was assessed by using the granuloma model. Epithelialization was also determined. The cellular activity was assessed histologically and the biochemical indices on day of wounding and after the complete healing of the wound. Granulation tissue was used in assessing tensile strength and contraction. Histological sections of the wound on different days were assessed for connective tissue formation by the Mallory-Heidenhan stain. The closure of wounds were represented as percent contraction of original wound size and epithelialization as complete formation of epithelial layer with no rawness of the wound. The scar shape was noted and measured. The results of this study will be discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Gamma-ray activity and dose rate of brick samples from some areas of North West Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan.

It is important to measure natural radioactivity due to gamma-rays from building materials and consequently to determine the dose rate from these materials. This helps to implement precautionary measures whenever the dose rate is found to be above the recommended limits. A knowledge of gamma radioactivity is required by the building construction association to adopt preventive measures to mitigate or minimize the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. The aim of this work was to measure the gamma activity due to 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in bricks from the Peshawar, Nowshera and Mardan districts of NWFP of Pakistan. The radiological doses to the occupants from the brick floor of a wooden house were calculated. The average gamma dose equivalent rate was calculated to be 0.14 mSv per year, which is well below the external gamma dose limit of 0.46 mSv per year as given in UNSCEAR [2].

Background Radiation↗
PubMed1996

Rule-based system for the fast identification of species of Indian Anopheline mosquitoes.

In a developing country like India, classification and identification of the species of Anopheline mosquitoes in control operations of mosquito-borne diseases is of paramount importance. The WHO monograph, which describes the taxonomic data in the form of a pictorial key is generally difficult to understand by a non-taxonomist. Utilizing the principles of ID3 algorithm, a novel rule-based system, for the fast identification of unknown species of Indian Anopheline mosquitoes, is developed. The rule-based system is user-friendly, menu-driven and even a novice can make use of it in the identification of the unknown species with little practice. The above software is available on floppy disk and can be obtained with a minimum cost. This program can be ported on 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Vapour toxicity of aerosol formulation, allethrin on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae), Say & Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) N.

Studies on the toxicity of aerosol vaporizer formulation, allethrin were carried out on both male and female species of C. quinquefasciatus and M. domestica at different times of exposure. ANOVA models revealed significant differences in the mean values of the percentage mortalities in relation to sex and time-of-exposure for both the species.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1987

Studies on water hyacinth as a biological filtre for treating contaminants from agricultural wastes and industrial effluents.

The aquatic weed--water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms] showed a remarkable capacity to withstand the effects of pH changes ranging from 5 to 8 in the aquatic environment. Growth continued to be normal except when placed for longer periods in medium containing iron ions at pH 3.3. The ability of this plant to neutralize some very acid solutions of heavy metals such as salts of copper, cadmium and zinc individually and in combinations, is being reported. Plants placed in pure acid and alkali solutions were also able to neutralize the medium. Calcium appears to play an important role in the mechanism involved in the adaptability of these plants to such environments.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1984

Decondensation of human spermatozoal chromatin by nuclear actin polymerization.

A critical relationship exists between nuclear actin polymerization and decondensation of sperm chromatin. Characteristic decondensation phenomena were brought about by the protein S-1 of heavy meromyosin of rabbit skeletal muscle in sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction. Sperm treated with only calcium or only ionophore were not affected by the S-1 trigger, and the nucleus remained in the condensed state. Since S-1 specifically binds to actin, it was possible to demonstrate this phenomenon at the ultrastructural level. Maybe there are switches that operate at different steps for events leading to syngamy and fertilization. No switch can be operative until the preceding event has prepared the sperm for entering the next phase. The operations are performed in a perfect sequential order. This investigation leads to the conclusion that decondensation of sperm chromatin is brought about by nuclear actin polymerization.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1984

Plasma membrane cytoskeletal complex of the mammalian spermatozoa.

Human and ram sperm were incubated in vitro in Tris buffer with (1) calcium ions, (2) ionophore A23187, (3) calcium plus A23187, (4) without any substance, as described in [13], and were reincubated in situ with the protein S-1 of heavy meromyosin (1 mg/ml). These spermatozoa were examined with the electron microscope to study and characterize the cytoskeletal structures after negative staining, freeze fracturing, and thin sectioning. The formation of the cytoskeletal complex, associated with the plasma membrane in the postacrosome region, appeared to be triggered by S-1 in those sperm that were earlier treated with the ionophore. The dynamic nature of actin present in the postacrosomal dense matrix becomes evident with the formation of a cytoskeletal basket in that region. The cytoskeletal complex may play an important role during the exocytotic acrosome reaction, helping to retain the shape of the sperm head and protect the genetic material until fertilization.

Acrosome↗