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Biomedical subjects

K Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to K Jacobs.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Human dento-gnathic metric variation in mesolithic/neolithic Ukraine: possible evidence of demic diffusion in the Dnieper Rapids region.

Dental and gnathic metrics from a series of Mesolithic and Neolithic cemetery samples in the Dnieper River valley (Ukraine) are compared. Both male and female Neolithic samples have larger dental dimensions, wider dental arcades, and a more robust mandibular corpus than do the Mesolithic samples. In addition, the relative variances (RVs) of bucco-lingual dental breadths (as measured by modified Levene's Tests) show an intriguing pattern of change from the Mesolithic into and through the Neolithic. Female RVs show a clear tenency to increase through time, while male RVs show more mixed tendencies. Such a pattern indicates that the increases in Ukrainian Neolithic dento-gnathic dimensions are plausibly attributable to low intensity gene flow (demic diffusion). Seen in the light of new chronometric, paleodietary, and paleolinguistic information, as well as in the context of recent archaeological models for agro-pastoralist origins in the North Pontic, these data suggest that gene flow via population interactions originating in or transient through the circum-Caucasus may have played an important role in producing the Ukrainian Neolithic dental increase.

Anthropology, Physical↗
PubMed1994

In vivo sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in rural areas of Côte d'Ivoire.

In vivo testing of Plasmodium falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine was carried out in four rural sites of differing socio-geographical environment in Côte d'Ivoire. Of a total of 1282 patients of all ages with fever or previous history of fever, 649 were slide positive, with 435 patients with a pure P. falciparum infection; 191 fulfilled all the criteria for inclusion in this study, and 113 completed it. Treatment failure rates ranged from 9.7% (Djébonoua) to 38.1% (Tiéviéssou), and were most often associated with higher degrees of resistance (RII = 54.2%; RIII = 37.5%). Blood chloroquine levels measured by ELISA test suggest that many people take chloroquine routinely; furthermore 37.5% of resistance cases occurred in subjects who had high blood chloroquine concentrations on day 0. Twenty-three out of 24 cases of resistance were found in children under 7 years of age. Nearly all children with persisting parasitaemia were afebrile on day 7, even those (7/8) with RIII resistance. Children aged < 7 years represent the the best sentinel group for monitoring P. falciparum sensitivity to chloroquine in Côte d'Ivoire.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Work hardening: past, present, and future--the work programs special interest section national work-hardening outcome study.

OBJECTIVES: A review of outcome research conducted between 1982 and 1992 revealed return-to-work rates for industrial rehabilitation programs that ranged from 50% to 88%. Variations in outcome statistics appeared to reflect discrepancies in factors such as type of research design, initial characteristics of the client sample, and clients excluded from the study group. METHOD: A work-hardening outcome study involving 36 programs was conducted by the Work Programs Special Interest Section to address questions left unanswered by existing studies regarding (a) rates of program nonacceptance or noncompletion, (b) basic client characteristics and outcome, (c) length of disability and outcome, (d) breakdown of client disposition after program completion, and (e) program characteristics and return to work. RESULTS: Findings included the following: (a) 11.5% of clients were not accepted into work hardening and 24.6% did not complete the program; (b) outcome was not related to client age, gender, area of injury, or physical demand level of job before injury; (c) as duration of disability increased, return to work decreased significantly; (d) at discharge, 48.2% of clients returned to the usual and customary job and 30.5% to alternate or modified work, whereas 13.6% were referred to a vocational counselor; and (e) there was no relationship between number of visits or number of professionals seen and return to work. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest a need for uniform standards in collection of outcome data to establish a basis for comparison of efficacy among programs. Recommendations include tracking comparison or control groups, grouping clients in terms of length of disability, computing success rate on the basis of number of clients who completed their program, using relevant subcategories when reporting return to work, and consistency of the postdischarge interval for follow-up.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

Selenium distribution in egg white proteins.

The present studies were undertaken to characterize selenium distribution in egg white. Ion-exchange chromatography fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and flow injection atomic (absorption) spectrometry (FIAS) were used to separate egg white proteins and to determine the selenium content of different fractions. After purification, nine different proteins were identified with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 56% of the total selenium content was found to be associated with ovalbumin-1 and -2 (+/- 500 ng/g), which is the main protein in egg white. Flavoprotein was determined to be the richest selenium-containing protein (1800 ng/g). The selenium content of the other proteins (lysozyme, conalbumin, globulins and ovomucoid) ranged from 359 to 1094 ng/g.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Expression of TTK, a novel human protein kinase, is associated with cell proliferation.

We have isolated the full-length sequence for a unique human kinase, designated TTK. TTK was initially identified by screening of a T cell expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. The kinases most closely related to TTK are the SPK1 serine, threonine and tyrosine kinase, the Pim1, PBS2, and CDC2 serine/threonine kinases, and the TIK kinase which was also identified through screening of an expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. However, the relationships are distant with less than 25% identity. Nevertheless, TTK is highly conserved throughout phylogeny with hybridizing sequences being detected in mammals, fish, and yeast. TTK mRNA is present at relatively high levels in testis and thymus, tissues which contain a large number of proliferating cells, but is not detected in most other benign tissues. Freshly isolated cells from most malignant tumors assessed expressed TTK mRNA. As well, all rapidly proliferating cell lines tested expressed TTK mRNA. Escherichia coli expressing the complete kinase domain of TTK contain markedly elevated levels of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine as well as slightly increased levels of phosphotyrosine. Taken together, these findings suggest that expression of TTK, a previously unidentified member of the family of kinases which can phosphorylate serine, threonine, and tyrosine hydroxyamino acids, is associated with cell proliferation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Estimating femur and tibia length from fragmentary bones: an evaluation of Steele's (1970) method using a prehistoric European sample.

Steele's (1970) regression method for estimating femur and tibia length from fragmentary bones is tested on a sample of complete femora (female N = 26; male N = 33) and tibiae (female N = 16; male N = 22) from a number of European Mesolithic and Neolithic sites. Over half of the regression equations given by Steele for predicting maximum length of the bone from the length(s) of one or more of its constituent segments are shown to produce inaccurate predictions in this test sample. However, a closer evaluation of these results, including calculation of regression equations for the test sample itself, reveals that this inaccuracy does not derive from any inherent flaw in Steele's method. Rather, it is shown that differential distribution of maximum bone length among the various bone segments as defined by Steele may occur due to variation in muscular activity pattern and intensity. This argues for the retention of Steele's basic method, with care being taken to match closely the activity pattern typical of the sample from which regression equations are derived with that of the population to which the equations are to be applied. The equations calculated in this study thus are provided for use where deemed appropriate.

Europe↗
PubMed1992

Statement: occupational therapy services in work practice.

Occupational therapy practitioners focus on the individual's ability to participate in productive occupations throughout their life span. Through prevention, assessment, and intervention strategies, occupational therapy practitioners often collaborate with other members of the health care team and assist persons to optimize their ability to engage in purposeful occupation while facilitating a safe and successful entry into or return to work.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1992

Integrating the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 into client intervention.

Testimony provided by Kemp (1991) before the Subcommittee on Employment Opportunities of the U.S. House of Representatives provided occupational therapists with an open invitation to become involved with the implementation of the ADA: [The] EEOC's [Equal Employment Opportunity Commission's] Office of General Counsel anticipates that a significant portion of the ADA cases will require the use of medical, architectural, ergonomics or vocational specialists. These experts will be called on to provide advice and guidance on general and specific ADA issues and to provide specific advice and testimony in certain cases. (Kemp, 1991 [no page no.]) We need to rally to this opportunity. Occupational therapists' knowledge and understanding of the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 is an important component to providing comprehensive services to clients. It is crucial that we as occupational therapists become sophisticated regarding the implications of the ADA and advocate for its implementation for our clients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Occupational therapy work-hardening programs: a demographic study.

A survey was conducted of 192 work-hardening and work-adjustment programs to gain an overview of practice patterns. The questionnaire covered program affiliation, services offered, staffing, program scheduling, average length of treatment per client, equipment used, physical settings, program status, number of clients seen each week, and types of functional outcome studies and research. The results demonstrate the tremendous growth of the involvement of occupational therapy in work hardening. This demographic study provides baseline information that can assist in the examination of trends and the development of new programs.

Demography↗
PubMed1990

Assignment of the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1 (CMT 1a) gene to 17p11.2-p12.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1a (CMT 1a) is an autosomal dominant peripheral neuropathy linked to the DNA markers D17S58 and D17S71, located in the pericentromeric region of the chromosome 17p arm. We analyzed an extended 5-generation Belgian family, multiply affected with CMT 1a, for linkage with eight chromosome 17 markers. The results indicated that the CMT 1a mutation is localized in the chromosomal region 17p11.2-p12 between the marker D17S71 and the gene for myosin heavy polypeptide 2 of adult skeletal muscle.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Determinants of income and expenditure development in the annual reports of the health insurance of the Federal Republic of Germany].

Contribution rates to the German statutory health insurance differ considerably between different sickness funds. While insurance benefits are largely standardized, these differences are widely regarded as a problem for the state's social policy. The health insurance bodies often offer hasty interpretations to justify the differences of contribution rates. These interpretations, however, cannot be checked on the basis of data from the annual reports of the health insurance. In reality, there is a number of determinants of the contribution rate which lie as well inside as outside the sphere of influence of the health insurance bodies. In order to estimate the respective impact of single determinants it is important to differentiate the health expenditures by age and sex of all insured persons (both the contribution paying members and their co-insured dependents). A further disentanglement of health expenditures into prices, quantities and structural components allows to identify the reasons of increases in health costs. This is also a necessary precondition for creating and implementing suitable measures that are directed to control health costs. At the same time, the improved information system of the statutory health insurance would contribute to a better understanding of the performance of the health system in general.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Job satisfaction among music therapists.

Job satisfaction surveys were mailed to 2,371 registered and certified members from the National Association for Music Therapy (NAMT) and the American Association for Music Therapy (AAMT). Materials included a 36-item questionnaire and a stamped, return addressed envelope. Of the questionnaires distributed, 1,344 (57%) were returned. Reliability analysis of the job satisfaction scale, performed as a measure of internal consistency on 885 cases, revealed an alpha coefficient of .85. The measure of job satisfaction used in this study is therefore accepted as highly reliable. The present study suggests that music therapists indeed report a pleasurable emotional state as they evaluate their jobs. The nature of music therapists' work and other conditions of their employment contribute to high job satisfaction.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Behçet's disease: a study of 20 cases].

We observed 20 patients with ocular Behçet's disease. During the episodes of exacerbation the main features were: deep retinal infiltrates and vascular occlusions which were responsible for a sudden decrease in visual acuity. Also, there is posterior uveitis and retinal edema which persists during the whole course of the disease. In the final stages we observed an avascular, atrophic retina. Most patients also presented with a striking maculopathy and very often an atrophic optic disc was associated. On time of diagnosis, most patients were in their third decade, ranging from 19 to 61 years of age. Treatment consisted in administration of topical and systemic steroids. Most patients also required immunosuppressives and immunomodulators (cyclosporine A) in a later stage of the disease.

Adult↗