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Biomedical subjects

K Itoi

Publications and source records attributed to K Itoi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[The management of chest injuries].

The mortality from chest injuries is so high due to severe physiologic imbalance that an immediate and accurate diagnosis of the injured organ and prompt treatment can salvage the patient from the strategy. This study comprises 1329 injured cases including 145 patients with crushed chests. The cause of injury was traffic accident in 537 cases (40.5%), fall or degradation in 332 cases (25%). There was a correlation between the cause of injury and age, as that traffic accident was a major one in young aged and fall in elders. Treatment against crushed patients included 150 surgical operations, 206 plaster bandages, 56 drainage of thoracic, peritoneal and cranial cavities. Thoracotomies performed in patients with flail chest (2), lung contusion (4), rupture of the bronchi and diaphragm (each 1) and for evacuation of clotted hemothorax in 3 patients. The prognosis of all these patients was good. Lastly we conclude that since the prognosis of injured patients depends on how fast the patient can be carried to the hospital and how quickly the physician or surgeon can evaluate the trauma and institute a prompt treatment, the education of the primary staff is the most important.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of epidural injection with morphine on the post-thoracotomy respiratory function].

Patients undergoing thoracotomy experience severe post-operative pain and marked respiratory impairment, which causes pulmonary atelectasis and pneumonia. The effects of epidural injection on postoperative pain and respiratory function were examined in this study. The group undergoing epidural injection of 3 mg morphine (at the end of operation, 09oo and 21oo for the next 3 days) included 37 patients, while the control group involved 16. The number of required analgesics on the operating day and next three days were compared between the two groups. And postoperative vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), maximum mean flow (MMF) were compared with preoperative value. Patients receiving epidural morphine required significantly less analgesics throughout the postoperative periods (p less than 0.01). The morphine injected group had significantly better value in VC and FEV1 in the first two postoperative day (p less than 0.01), while significance were seen only in the first postoperative day in MMF (p less than 0.01). It seems that epidural morphine is highly effective in alleviating pain and improving respiratory function in post-thoracotomy patients. These effects help the expectoration of sputum especially in senile patients. As the side-effects of epidural morphine, urinary retention, nausea, vomiting and itching were seen in few patients. No serious side effect such as hypotension or ventilatory depression were seen.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus].

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus was reported. A 60-year-old female was admitted because of swelling of left cervical and left axillary lymph nodes. Chest X-ray revealed left anterior mediastinal mass shadow. The histological examination on the excised left axillary lymph nodes revealed well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. After radiotherapy, the operation was performed with median sternotomy and then the mediastinal tumor was diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma originated from the thymus. The postoperative course of the patient was unfavorable, though adjacent postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Compared with ordinary thymoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus commonly metastasizes outside the thorax and has poor prognosis. In view of these differences, it should be separated histologically from ordinary thymoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1989

Protein-losing gastroenteropathy in association with immune deposits in gastrointestinal mucosal capillaries.

A 30-yr-old man presented with anasarca and visual disturbance. The serum albumin was 1.9 g/dl. Loss of albumin into the stomach and upper small intestine was demonstrated by technetium-99m (99mTc)-albumin scintigraphy. However, no anatomical lesions were found in the gastrointestinal tract. Renal function was normal, urinary protein was minimal, and hepatic function was near normal. A variety of autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies, SS-A, SS-B, or Coombs' antibodies, were detected in serum in association with hypocomplementemia. Immunological studies revealed IgG, IgM, C1q, and C3 deposits in the walls of capillaries in the lamina propria of gastrointestinal mucosae. Combination therapy of prednisolone with an immunosuppressive agent improved the loss of albumin into the bowel and abnormal laboratory findings. This report indicates that the autoimmune process may contribute to the pathogenesis of certain types of protein-losing gastroenteropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Central noradrenergic pathways are not involved in the pressor response to intracerebroventricular substance P.

Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) pretreatment of Wistar rats with the catecholaminergic neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, significantly reduced noradrenaline in the pons/medulla (by 73%) and almost abolished the noradrenaline levels in the spinal cord (by 89%). The pressor response of these animals to i.c.v. angiotensin II (ANGII, 10 ng) was significantly attenuated. In contrast, there was no significant effect on the pressor response to i.c.v. substance P (SP, 100 ng). The results provide evidence that different central pathways mediate the pressor response to ANGII and SP.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1987

Suppression by glucocorticoid of the immunoreactivity of corticotropin-releasing factor and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.

The effect of glucocorticoid on the production of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and vasopressin in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) was examined immunocytochemically. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone sulfate in a dose of 0.1 mg/day suppressed the immunoreactivity of CRF and vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions of the PVH of the rat subsequent to bilateral adrenalectomy. In the magnocellular divisions, suppression of vasopressin-immunoreactivity was not observed. These results suggest that the vasopressin in the medial parvocellular divisions plays a distinct role from that in the magnocellular divisions, the former having functional significance in the hypothalamo-hypophysio-adrenal axis.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1987

Increased plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y concentrations in phaeochromocytoma and chronic renal failure.

To investigate the clinical usefulness of radio-immunoassay of neuropeptide Y (NPY), we measured plasma immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (IR-NPY) concentrations in normal subjects (n = 21), essential hypertensive patients (n = 33), patients with phaeochromocytoma (n = 7), patients with chronic renal disease with serum creatinine levels of less than 1.9 mg/dl (n = 5) and patients with chronic renal failure whose serum creatinine levels were greater than or equal to 1.9 mg/dl (n = 18, eight without haemodialysis and 10 undergoing maintenance haemodialysis), by radio-immunoassay. Plasma IR-NPY concentrations in patients with phaeochromocytoma (577 +/- 256 pg/ml, mean +/- s.d.) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than those in normal subjects (151 +/- 28 pg/ml), essential hypertensive patients (177 +/- 49 pg/ml) and patients with chronic renal disease with serum creatinine levels less than 1.9 mg/dl (198 +/- 71 pg/ml). Plasma IR-NPY concentrations in patients with chronic renal failure (without haemodialysis: 330 +/- 63 pg/ml; undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: 374 +/- 80 pg/ml) were also high. These results suggest that NPY is useful as one of the tumour markers of phaeochromocytomas. However, this study revealed that patients with chronic renal failure, without phaeochromocytoma also have increased plasma IR-NPY concentrations.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide in various diseases.

Using a radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) we studied plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ANP in order to investigate the pathophysiological role of ANP in patients with various diseases. Plasma ANP levels were elevated in patients with congestive heart failure (394 +/- 260 pg/ml, n = 8) and chronic renal failure (219 +/- 86 pg/ml, n = 11). In patients undergoing hemodialysis plasma ANP levels were markedly high and decreased after hemodialysis from 433 +/- 166 pg/ml to 204 +/- 92 pg/ml (n = 11). ANP was removed from blood to dialysate (21 +/- 13 pg/ml of dialysate, n = 6, dialysate flow: 500 ml/min). Plasma ANP level was conversely correlated with creatinine clearance (r = -0.812, p less than 0.001) in patients with renal diseases (n = 29). In patients with atrial fibrillation, pace maker implantation, lung disease, chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, essential hypertension, liver disease and cerebrovascular disease, plasma ANP levels were not significantly different from those in normal subjects (70 +/- 32 pg/ml, n = 28). These results suggest that ANP may be a circulating hormone playing pathophysiological roles in congestive heart failure and chronic renal failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Synergistic pressor action of neuropeptide Y and norepinephrine in conscious rats.

The interaction of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and norepinephrine (NE) was studied in conscious unrestrained rats. Neuropeptide Y, administered intravenously (i.v.) in doses of 110 pmol/kg to 1.1 nmol/kg increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and decreased the heart rate (HR) in a dose-dependent way. The pressor effect of NPY (1.1 nmol/kg) was not attenuated by i.v. phentolamine in a dose of 3.1 mumol/kg. Norepinephrine infused at a rate of 89 nmol/kg per h, which had no effect on MAP, did not modulate the pressor effect of NPY. A pressor dose of NE infused at a rate of 266 nmol/kg per h significantly potentiated the pressor effect of NPY. Neuropeptide Y infused at a rate of 3.5 nmol/kg per h had no effect on MAP, and significantly potentiated the pressor effect of i.v. NE. It is concluded from these results that NPY could modulate the cardiovascular action of NE in physiological conditions.

Animals↗