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Biomedical subjects

K Ishida

Publications and source records attributed to K Ishida.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

An investigation of the antitumor peptidoglycan fraction from squid ink.

Squid ink, which has little commercial use and is usually discarded, was extracted using a Tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.8). The extract was fractionated using DEAE Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration to give a peptidoglycan fraction which exhibited strong antitumor activity against Meth-A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice following intraperitoneal administration. The fraction was composed of 7.8% peptide, 57% polysaccharide and 30% pigment. The polysaccharide component had a unique structure with equimolar ratios of GlcA, GalNAc and Fuc. Since the fraction has no direct cytotoxic effect on Meth-A cells, inhibition of tumor growth may be due to stimulation of host-mediated responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

In vivo and in vitro transcription of small mRNAs containing a leader sequence from mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM.

Two additional small RNAs, named mRNA8 and 9, are transcribed from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) in virus-infected mouse DBT cells. This report shows that the small mRNAs (mRNA8 and 9) were observed at 3 hr post infection (p.i.) in DBT cells infected with the JHM strain of MHV. This result suggested that products from mRNA8 and 9 may play a role in the early stage of the viral replication cycle in the infected DBT cells. The mRNA8 is initiated from a perfectly conserved intergenic site, but mRNA9 is from an imperfectly conserved intergenic sequence. Since mRNA8 and 9 were found in the liver and brain of an infected mouse, it was suggested that the imperfect intergenic sequence of MHV may serve as an initiation site for leader-primed transcription in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of flagellar bending in hyperactivated hamster and mouse spermatozoa.

Flagellar bending was analysed using photographs of hyperactivated hamster and mouse spermatozoa. The flagellar waveform consists of several bends; the centre of each bend was therefore located on the flagellum, and the angle of the bend measured. The direction of the bend was determined by using the asymmetry of hook-shaped head to assess the asymmetry of flagellar waveform. The bend that occurred in the same direction as the curve of head was defined as the reverse bend and the bend in the opposite direction as the principal bend. In hamster spermatozoa, flagellar bending was asymmetric to the direction of the reverse bend after incubation for 5 min. After incubation for 4 h the asymmetry had increased, as the angles of the reverse bends had increased in all regions of the flagellum but the principal bend had not. In mouse spermatozoa incubated for 5 min, flagellar bending was relatively symmetric. In the hyperactivated mouse spermatozoa incubated for 3 h, the angle of the principal bend increased in the distal region and those of the reverse bends increased in almost all regions of the flagellum. Since the increase in the reverse bend was relatively high, flagellar bending became asymmetric to the direction of the reverse bend as in hamster spermatozoa. These increases in asymmetry were also evident in the measurement of the total changes in angular direction between the proximal and distal end of flagella in both species. The increase in asymmetry could provide an explanation for the changes in the motility patterns seen in spermatozoa after the onset of hyperactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between maximal pulmonary ventilation during exhaustive exercise and postexercise plasma potassium concentration in man.

The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between maximal pulmonary ventilation (VEmax) and potassium concentration ([K+]) or lactate concentration ([La]) of venous blood in man. Nine healthy men performed exercise on a bicycle ergometer at a constant rate of 60 rpm until volitional fatigue. VEmax ranged from 100.4 to 153.2 l/min. In all subjects, potassium concentration measured at 1 min ([K+]1.0) after maximal exhaustive exercise was the highest, and it returned quickly to the resting level within a few minutes during recovery. VEmax was significantly correlated (r = 0.750, p < 0.05) to [K+]1.0, but not to lactate concentration determined at 1 min ([La]1.0) during recovery. These results suggest that a higher increase in blood [K+] may, at least partly, contribute to a greater augmentation of VE during exhaustive exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor in colorectal cancer.

Preoperative serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were measured in patients with colorectal cancer, and correlated with various factors as stage, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, grade, serum CEA and IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein). The levels of serum soluble IL-2R in Dukes stage C were significantly higher than in normal control and in Dukes stage A. Serum levels were also significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in patients without such metastasis, and in IAP positive patients compared to IAP negative patients. Preoperative serum IL-2R levels thus seem to reflect the stage of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) produced in animals by repeated HCl microaspiration].

We recently reported that diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis (DAB) was detected in 1% of autopsied lungs of aged cases of pneumonia. We hypothesized whether repeated HCl micro-aspiration (RHMA) is involved in DAB and established an animal model by administering HCl intratracheally to rats every two days for 2 weeks. Saline was given to control animals in the same fashion. Then, we performed bronchio-alveolar lavage (BAL) or excised lungs for histologic examination. There was no difference in BAL cell counts, TNF alpha-production, elastase-like activity or albumin levels between the HCl and control groups. Histologically, DAB-like findings were observed in the HCl-treated animals. These data suggest that RHMA might be involved in DAB, while neither TNF alpha-production nor elastase-like activity may play a significant role in inducing DAB.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The inhibitory effects of MgSO4 on the multiplication and transcription of mouse hepatitis virus.

The multiplication of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was inhibited by the treatment of infected cells with MgSO4 at concentrations higher than 50 mM. The inhibition of viral multiplication was more effective with the treatment of cells at the early stage of infection using MgSO4 than at the late stage. Viral adsorption to the cells was not inhibited by MgSO4 and pretreatment of the cells with MgSO4 did not show an inhibitory effect on the RNA synthesis of MHV. The synthesis of viral RNA was inhibited more effectively by the treatment of infected cells with MgSO4 at 0-2 and 2-4 h postinfection (p.i.) than at 4-6 h p.i. The present study suggests that the stage at which viral multiplication is susceptible to MgSO4 may be the early stage of viral transcription and that Mg2+ may be a useful tool for the analysis of the early stage of MHV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with anti-central nervous system antibody].

We reported a case of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. A 63-year-old man was admitted to Kenwakai Hospital with rapidly progressing symptoms, including lumbago, whole body pain, vertigo, nausea, and anorexia. He became bed-ridden because of severe vertigo and truncal ataxia. Five days after admission, he developed opsoclonus followed by myoclonus and mild disturbance of consciousness, but he showed no appendicular ataxia or pyramidal tract sign. He was treated with prednisolone, 40 mg/day, which was effective for disturbance of consciousness, but opsoclonus and myoclonus persisted. He died of liver dysfunction and ventricular fibrillation 3 weeks after onset. Blood examination revealed high LDH (1,106 IU/l), Al-P, and gamma-GTP titers. Tumor markers were normal except for increase NSE activity (129 ng/ml). The cerebrospinal fluid showed normal cell count, 63.9 mg/dl of protein, 7.3 mg/dl of IgG, and normal glucose. A cranial CT scan showed an old lacune only. Chest rentgenogram and CT scan revealed mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement. An abdominal CT scan showed multiple low density masses in the liver. Small cell lung cancer associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome was suspected. Western blot analysis revealed that his serum reacted with protein in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and dorsal root ganglion with a molecular weight of 77 kDa. This is the first time such an antibody was ever been detected in patients with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. The molecular weights of the antigens previously found by the serum of patients with this syndrome, were 55 kDa and 80 kDa in patients with breast cancer, and 210 kDa in patients with neuroblastoma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of catalytic properties and expression of cytochrome P-450(14DM), lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, in rats.

Cytochrome P-450(14DM) catalyzing lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation was purified from rat liver and was characterized by its catalytic properties and mode of expression. The purified protein, with an apparent molecular mass of 51 kDa, showed 24,25-dihydrolanosterol 14 alpha-demethylation activity (3.05 nmol/min/mg protein) in a reconstituted system with an apparent Km value of 40 microM. The reconstituted enzyme converted 32-hydroxy-24,25-dihydrolanosterol and 32-oxo-24,25-dihydrolanosterol (the oxygenated intermediates of 24,25-dihydrolanosterol) to 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8,14-dien-3 beta-ol (the 32-nor compound). Immunoblot analysis of liver microsomes from male and female rats showed that the enzyme protein was expressed at an early stage of development and attained its maximum at 4 weeks after birth, retaining the same level thereafter. No difference was evident between males and females in the level of cytochrome P-450(14DM) in the liver up to 7 weeks after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Circulatory effects of stellate ganglion block and high thoracic epidural block].

A comparative study of the circulatory effects of stellate ganglion block (SGB) and high thoracic epidural block (TEB) was conducted in 11 patients. Although blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes even after SGB, they both decreased significantly following TEB. The blood flow in the common carotid artery (CCA) increased markedly at 5 minutes after performing SGB, and at 20 minutes it reached its peak value of 163.5 +/- 7.8%, and the increase remained significant up to 75 minutes. On the other hand, it increased significantly from 5 minutes after performing TEB and reached its peak of 122.2 +/- 7.6% at 15 minutes, and this increase remained significant up to 60 minutes. In comparing these two nerve blocks, the blood flow in the CCA showed a more marked increase following SGB than after TEB from 5 to 60 minutes after performing. The blood flow rate in the CCA increased markedly from 5 minutes after performing SGB, reached its peak of 139.1 +/- 11.3% at 20 minutes, and this increase remained significant up to 60 minutes thereafter. After performing TEB no significant changes were observed. In comparing SGB and TEB, from 5 to 60 minutes after performing, the rate became markedly faster after SGB than after TEB. The vascular diameter of the CCA from 5 minutes after performing SGB showed a slight but significant enlargement, and at 20 minutes it reached its maximum of 111.7 +/- 3.0%, and this significant enlargement persisted up to 60 minutes. From 10 minutes after performing TEB, it showed a slight but significant enlargement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The effect of probucol on the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats.

The effect of probucol which acts as a scavenger of free radicals, on preventing the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a model rat (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) was examined. Sixteen male OLETF rats aged 5 weeks were divided into two groups. One group were fed standard laboratory chow and the other group were fed the chow containing 1% probucol. At 12, 16, 24 weeks of age, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. At 24 weeks of age, the cumulative incidences of diabetes mellitus in both groups were 100%. After two weeks, insulin-mediated glucose uptake was measured using a euglycemic clamp technique. There was no significant difference in glucose infusion rates between both groups. At the end of the experiment, plasma lipid concentrations were measured. The serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in rats fed probucol containing chow (66.3 +/- 3.7 mg/dl) than those of rats fed standard laboratory chow (78 +/- 6.4 mg/dl). On the other hand, the serum triglyceride level were not significantly different between them. Histological studies on the pancreas of both groups showed enlarged fibrotic islets and mononuclear cell infiltration in the periinsular area, though to a modest extent. These results demonstrated that probucol was not effective in preventing the development of NIDDM in this model animal. Considering these data, inflammatory destruction of pancreatic beta cells by free radical may not be involved in the development of NIDDM.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alcohol consumption and risk of esophageal cancer in Japan: a case-control study in seven hospitals.

In a multi-center case-control study, we evaluated the risk of esophageal cancer in the Japanese population. All patients and controls were inpatients in the surgical departments of seven hospitals nationwide. Patients eligible for the study were those newly diagnosed as having primary esophageal cancer. One control per case was selected from among patients admitted to the same hospital, and 141 male pairs were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The results showed dose-response relation between the risk of esophageal cancer and both the quantity (g/week) and frequency (times/week) of alcohol drinking (P value for trend = 0.0001). Although a statistically significant risk increase was shown among moderate to heavy smokers (15 < or = cigarette/day < 25) (odds ratio, 4.35:95% confidence interval, 1.81-10.49), the dose-response for cigarette smoking was unclear (P value for trend = 0.07). No combined effect of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking was found. A frequent intake of fruit was associated with a decreased risk (P value for trend = 0.02). After adjustment for alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and fruit intake were found not to be associated with the risk, whereas a preference for high-temperature food and drink showed a statistically significant positive association (P value for trend = 0.02). Drinkers who consumed shochu most frequently showed a three-fold increased risk over that for beer consumers, although the association disappeared after adjusting for the amount of alcohol consumed. The present results confirm alcohol intake and a preference for high-temperature food to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal cancer and show the amount of alcohol consumed, rather than the type of alcoholic beverage, to be the main risk determinant.

Alcohol Drinking↗