In vivo and in vitro transcription of small mRNAs containing a leader sequence from mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
K Ishida
Publications and source records attributed to K Ishida.
Serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels before and after surgical treatment for Graves' disease.
Serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor (ssIL-2R) is released from its specific affinity membrane receptor on activated T lymphocytes and is detected as a form of the alpha-chain of IL-2R in the peripheral blood. We measured the ssIL-2R levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 29 healthy subjects and 39 patients with Graves' disease who were given antithyroid drugs to prepare them for surgical treatment. The preoperative ssIL-2R levels in Graves' patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls (681 +/- 387 vs 369 +/- 149 U/ml); in particular, the preoperative levels in hyperthyroid patients were significantly higher than those in euthyroid patients. On the 5th day after thyroid resection, their ssIL-2R levels (560 +/- 296 U/ml) were significantly lower than the preoperative levels. There were no correlations between the preoperative ssIL-2R levels and the immunological parameters such as thyroglobulin antibody, microsomal antibody, and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody. Thus, we conclude that ssIL-2R levels can be decreased by surgical resection of goiter in Graves' patients whose hyperthyroid status does not respond to the administration of antithyroid drugs, and this may be a useful indicator of immunological status after surgical treatment of Graves' disease.
Adult↗
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting as insulinoma, gastrinoma, and postbulbar duodenal ulcers: report of a case.
We report herein the unusual case of a 55-year-old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 presenting as hyperparathyroidism, hyperpituitarism, insulinoma, and gastrinoma with postbulbar duodenal ulcers. The patient was referred to our hospital for further investigations of nephrolithiasis, acromegaly, and hematemesis. Laboratory studies showed high serum levels of calcium, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, insulin, gastrin, and prolactin. Computed tomography of the cranial cavity demonstrated an enlargement of the serra turcica and swelling of two parathyroid glands in the neck. Computed tomography and angiography of the abdomen also showed a mass in the head of the pancreas. Endoscopy demonstrated reflux esophagitis, erosive gastritis, and multiple postbulbar duodenal ulcers. We diagnosed this patient as having multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, with concomitant lesions of the pituitary gland, parathyroid glands, and islet cells of the pancreas. Following excision of the two enlarged parathyroid glands, his serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels fell to within the normal range. Thereafter, a total gastrectomy was performed to alleviate the frequent bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, resection of the pancreatic mass could not be performed owing to severe inflammation around the duodenum, probably induced by the postbulbar duodenal ulcers.
Adenoma↗
Two independent outbreaks of measles in partially vaccinated junior high schools in Tottori, Japan.
We analyzed retrospectively a relative risk of measles attacks in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated students using two independent outbreaks in Japan. The first involved 33/328 (10%) students where 64% students and 30% measles cases had been vaccinated. The second involved 27/241 (11%) students where 81% students and 48% measles cases had been vaccinated. The attack rates of vaccinated vs. unvaccinated students were significantly low (p < 0.001), but they accounted 25% in both episodes. The statistically significant clinical features among vaccinated and unvaccinated cases included the average duration of fever, 5.16 +/- 1.71 vs. 6.67 +/- 2.19 days (p = 0.01) and the incidence of complications, 0 vs. 25%, respectively. These results suggested that the measles in vaccinated cases were mostly due to secondary failures.
Adolescent↗
Significance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in human colorectal cancer tissue: correlation with malignant intensity.
The significance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in colorectal cancer tissue was determined from the aspect of the antioxidant defense system. SOD activity and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance were measured in the tumor, in tissues adjacent to the tumor, and in regions that appeared normal, and the results were analyzed in terms of various histopathological factors (stage of disease, depth of invasion, venous invasion, etc.). DNA ploidy pattern and cell proliferation in cancer tissue were also measured, and the results analyzed in relation to SOD activity. SOD activity in cancer tissue was higher than in the other two regions. SOD activity in cancer tissue increased with the progression of stage, and changed with the depth of invasion. There was a significant difference in SOD activity between patients with venous invasion and those in whom this was absent. Stepwise regression analysis suggested that venous invasion was the most significant factor influencing SOD activity. The proliferation index was high in cancer tissue with low SOD activity. The incidence of aneuploidy was high in cancer with high SOD activity, whereas the incidence of diploidy was high in cancer with low SOD activity. These results suggest that elucidation of the antioxidant system in cancer tissue can provide us with a better strategy for cancer treatment.
Aged↗
Fentanyl pretreatment attenuates the haemodynamic response to sudden inhalation of 5% isoflurane.
High concentrations of inhaled isoflurane can increase heart rate and/or arterial pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether fentanyl has a prophylactic effect on the isoflurane-induced circulatory response in adult patients. Thirty patients due to undergo elective surgery were randomly allocated to one of three groups of ten patients. Prior to surgery, one group inhaled 2.5% isoflurane, another inhaled 5.0% isoflurane, and the third group inhaled 5.0% isoflurane and were given fentanyl 2 micrograms.kg-1 i.v. two minutes before induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with thiamylal followed by vecuronium. The lungs were ventilated with 100% oxygen and either 2.5% or 5.0% isoflurane via face mask. Ventilation was continued for five minutes. Heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded at two minutes before induction of anaesthesia (baseline), immediately before the induction of anaesthesia, and at three and five minutes after induction, respectively. It was found that 5.0% isoflurane caused an increase in HR compared with baseline (P < 0.01) and with the 2.5% isoflurane (P < 0.05): 2.5% isoflurane did not elicit this response. An increase was also noted in MAP, compared with the 2.5% isoflurane (P < 0.01): 2.5% isoflurane did not elicit this increase. Fentanyl pretreatment attenuated the increases in HR and in MAP that occurred with 5.0% isoflurane (P < 0.01). These results suggest that fentanyl attenuates the enhancement of both HR and MAP from face mask inhalation of a high concentration of isoflurane.
Adult↗
Which is the primary etiologic event in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, a model of spontaneous non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, or impaired insulin secretion?
To identify the primary disorder causing diabetes mellitus in a model rat (Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we studied the temporal relationship between insulin resistance and impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function. Groups of 28 male OLETF rats and male nondiabetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats were given an intravenous (i.v.) glucose and glucagon tolerance test (IVGTT) and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp tests at 10, 16, 24, and 40 weeks of age. After the euglycemic clamp test, abdominal fat was measured and the pancreas was examined histologically. At 16 weeks of age, insulin-mediated whole-body glucose uptake as measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique was significantly reduced in OLETF rats (glucose infusion rat [GIR], 40.9 +/- 4.2 mumol/kg.min) as compared with LETO rats (78.4 +/- 6.9). On the other hand, plasma insulin responses to glucose and glucagon in OLETF rats were higher than those in LETO rats at 16 and 24 weeks of age, but clearly decreased at 40 weeks of age (sigma immunoreactive insulin [IRI] to glucagon, 8.81 +/- 1.81 v 27.32 +/- 4.59 nmol.min in OLETF and LETO rats, respectively, P < .01). Abdominal fat deposition was significantly greater in OLETF rats than in LETO rats at all ages tested except 10 weeks. Pancreatic islets of OLETF rats became enlarged and fibrotic. These results demonstrated that insulin resistance preceded impairment of pancreatic beta-cell function in OLETF rats, and that insulin resistance seemed closely related to fat deposition in the abdominal cavity.
Age Factors↗
Effects of obesity and inheritance on the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty rats.
We studied whether obesity or inheritance was the more important factor in the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using female Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (OLETF) possessing one of the diabetic genes, ODB-1, and male Long-Evans-Tokushima-Otsuka rats (LETO) possessing no ODB-1, neither of which were diabetic when bred normally. Diabetes-resistant male LETO rats and female OLETF rats (4 weeks old) were assigned to three groups of 6 rats each, respectively; two groups in which obesity was induced by high calorie 'cafeteria' diet (D), or ventromedial hypothalamus lesions (V) with normal chow diet and a control group fed on normal chow (C). Six male OLETF rats were used as NIDDM positive controls. The mean daily energy intakes of obese male LETO and female OLETF rats were higher than those of the respective C groups. At 27 weeks of age, the average body weights of the obese LETO and female OLETF rats were significantly higher than those of the respective C groups and similar to that of the male OLETF group. Abdominal fat deposits of the obese groups were significantly higher than those of the respective C groups. At 28 weeks of age, the cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus in obese LETO rats was 0% in group D and 17% in group V, while that of obese female OLETF rats in groups D and V were 100%. At 29 weeks of age, the plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses to glucose in obese female OLETF rats, groups D and V, were higher than that in group C. In obese LETO rats, insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in vivo was similar to that in group C, but in obese female OLETF rats, it was reduced to 41% in group D and 37% in group V of that in group C. Sections of islets of the pancreas of obese LETO rats appeared histologically normal, whereas those of obese female OLETF rats showed enlarged multilobulated fibrotic islets. These results demonstrate that obesity is necessary, but not sufficient alone for the development of NIDDM in these rat models.
Analysis of Variance↗
Effects of subchronic treatments with SM-9018, a novel 5-HT2 and D2 antagonist, on dopamine and 5-HT receptors in rats.
1. Receptor binding and behavioral studies were performed to compare the effects of subchronic treatments with SM-9018, a novel 5-HT2 and D2 antagonist, and with haloperidol (HAL) on dopamine and 5-HT receptors in rats. 2. SM-9018 treatment (10 mg/kg/day p.o.) for 2 weeks did not significantly change the density (Bmax) of striatal D2 receptors or the incidence of stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine (APO). By contrast, HAL treatment (3 mg/kg/day p.o., for 2 weeks) significantly increased the D2 receptor density by about 55% and markedly enhanced the behavioral response to APO. 3. The density of 5-HT2 receptors in the cerebral cortex was significantly reduced (about 20%) by SM-9018 treatment without being affected by HAL. However, the hyperthermic response of rats to p-chloroamphetamine (p-CAMP, a putative 5-HT releaser) was unaltered by either treatment. 4. Neither SM-9018 nor HAL treatment changed the density of 5-HT1A receptors in the hippocampus. 5. These findings suggest that SM-9018 is weaker than HAL in inducing up-regulation and supersensitivity of the striatal D2 receptors after the subchronic treatment.
Animals↗
Effects of chronic treatments with SM-9018, a potential atypical neuroleptic, on behavioral dopaminergic and serotonergic sensitivities in rats.
1. Changes in behavioral dopaminergic and serotonergic sensitivities were studied in rats after withdrawal of the chronic treatments with SM-9018 (0.1 mg/kg/day), a potential atypical neuroleptic, and with haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg/day) using continuous infusion pumps. 2. Administration of SM-9018 inhibited the rat locomotor activities to an extent similar to that of haloperidol during the course of the 2 weeks treatment. 3. The incidence of the apomorphine-induced stereotyped behaviors (e.g., sniffing, chewing, licking and biting) was negligibly affected by SM-9018 treatment, but was markedly enhanced by haloperidol treatment. 4. The incidence of the 5-hydroxytryptophan-induced wet dog shakes and 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin-induced flat body posture was unaffected by either treatment with SM-9018 or haloperidol. 5. These findings suggest that SM-9018 is weaker than haloperidol in inducing the behavioral dopaminergic hypersensitivity after its chronic treatment and has a lower propensity to cause tardive dyskinesia.
5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
IL-4 upregulates Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain messenger RNA in eosinophils.
By using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization, we demonstrated that Fc epsilon RI alpha-chain (Fc epsilon RI alpha) messenger RNA was expressed in eosinophils purified from the peripheral blood of patients with allergic rhinitis and that this expression was enhanced by IL-4. However, studies in which flow cytometry or immunostaining was used did not reveal the expression of Fc epsilon RI alpha protein on eosinophils from peripheral blood. Neither IL-4 alone nor the combination of IL-4 and other cytokines could induce detectable Fc epsilon RI alpha protein; nevertheless, they do express Fc epsilon RI alpha mRNA. Double-labeling immunostaining on cryostat sections of nasal mucosa clearly demonstrated that some Fc epsilon RI alpha-positive cells were eosinophil cationic protein-positive, which confirms their eosinophilic nature. Not all the eosinophil cationic protein-positive cells express on Fc epsilon RI alpha signal. Considering that Fc epsilon RI alpha mRNA was detectable in four of five samples of eosinophils from those patients with nasal allergy and that only one of five eosinophil samples from normal subjects expressed Fc epsilon RI alpha mRNA, the level of Fc epsilon RI expression may be correlated with the activation of eosinophils. It seems very likely that some other unidentified factors are required for the process from the expression of Fc epsilon RI alpha mRNA to that of Fc epsilon RI as a protein.
Adolescent↗
Effects of fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia on hepatorenal toxicity of acetaminophen in rats.
The mode of hepatorenal toxicity of acetaminophen (AAP) was compared between fructose-induced hyper-triglyceridemic and normal rats. The hypertriglyceridemic and normal rats received a single dose of AAP (0, 750 and 900 mg/kg ip) at week 5 of fructose-treatment. At 24 hrs after AAP-dosing, they were sacrificed and examined blood biochemically and histopathologically. Hepatotoxicity as indicated by an increase in plasma ALT and AST activities and centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes was more severe in the normal rats than in the hypertriglyceridemic ones. In contrast, nephrotoxicity as indicated by an increase in plasma urea nitrogen content and necrosis of epithelial cells in the proximal straight tubules was more severe in the hypertriglyceridemic rats than in normal ones. Thus, in the fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemic rats, as compared with normal ones, hepatotoxicity of AAP became apparently less severe, whereas nephrotoxicity of AAP became significantly more severe.
Acetaminophen↗
Effect of timely insulin administration on pancreatic B-cells of Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima-Fatty (OLETF) strain rats. An animal model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
Morphological changes of the pancreas and impairment of pancreatic B-cell function in a model rat (Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty [OLETF]) with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus might be the result of over-activity of B-cells to compensate for insulin insensitivity. To test this possibility, we studied whether the histological and functional alterations in the pancreas of male OLETF rats were improved by treatment with insulin for a certain period, which might reduce the burden to B-cells. Groups of 6 male OLETF rats and 5 or 4 male non-diabetic control Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats received injections of insulin (Ultralente MC; 10 U/kg/day to OLETF rats, 5 U/kg/day to LETO rats) or saline subcutaneously, once a day for 3 weeks from 24 weeks of age. Then their insulin responses to glucose (200 mg/dl) and arginine (10 mmol/l) were examined by perfusion of the pancreas. The morphological features of their pancreata were also examined. The insulin response to glucose in OLETF rats treated with insulin was significantly higher than that of OLETF rats treated with saline (sigma IRI 142.5 +/- 27.0 vs. 37.4 +/- 6.3 ng/ml.20 min, p < 0.05) and unlike in the latter showed the normal two phases. The morphological changes of the pancreas in the insulin-treated OLETF rats were remarkably ameliorated, animals showing no enlargement and only slight fibrosis of islets. Thus treatment with insulin was effective for preventing B-cell dysfunction and morphological changes of the pancreas in NIDDM model rats.
Animals↗
Healing process of vascular cutting edge using an Nd:YAG laser bipolar dissector.
The wound healing process was histopathologically investigated in a rabbit femoral artery (n = 48) after transection using a laser bipolar dissector (LBD, 1064nm the Nd:YAG bipolar contact laser) with laser power of 13W in 0.5-sec pulses. The cutting edges were harvested immediately (n = 6) and at 1 (n = 6), 4 (n = 6), and 7 (n = 6) days, 2 (n = 6), 3 (n = 6), and 4 (n = 6) weeks, and 6 months (n = 6), and evaluated by light microscopy. During the postoperative period, no perforation was seen in the 48 transected sites with the LBD. The healing process after LBD transection was accomplished within 2 weeks by organization of the intraluminal thrombus and by the formation of granulation tissue outside the adventitia of vessels. Characteristic morphological changes after LBD transection were recognized in the tapering area, i.e., cartilage and bone formation. Cartilaginous foci (n = 6) were observed in the media at 4 weeks after transection, and osseous foci (n = 3) in subendothelial space at 6 months. These observations may suggest that the heterotopic cartilaginous and osseous metaplasia of a vessel wall may be a result of the biostimulative effects of the Nd:YAG laser.
Animals↗
Safety and pharmacokinetics of iotrolan in hysterosalpingography. Retention and irritability compared with Lipiodol.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors compared the safety and pharmacokinetics of Iotrolan (water-soluble) in hysterosalpingography (HSG) with those of Lipiodol (oil-soluble). METHODS: Iotrolan and Lipiodol were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 100 mg iodine/kg to female rabbits. Retention in the body was investigated by x-ray imaging, plasma kinetics, and urinary and fecal excretion. Irritability in the abdomen was investigated by histologic examination. RESULTS: Iotrolan was entirely excreted into the urine within 2 days after administration. Conversely, Lipiodol was excreted into the urine, had a half-life of 50 days, and was retained for more than 21 days in the abdomen. Iotrolan induced no inflammatory reaction in the abdomen, whereas Lipiodol induced a marked abdominal inflammatory reaction, including granuloma formation. Iotrolan had no effect on iodine concentration in the thyroid; Lipiodol increased iodine concentration significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Iotrolan, which is a water-soluble and nonionic dimeric contrast medium, has potential greater safety for use in HSG than Lipiodol.
Abdomen↗
Trends in antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Japan.
A total of 184 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae were recovered from the sputa of patients over a 5-year period in the Nagasaki area and were examined. A total of 30 strains were resistant to penicillin (MIC, > or = 0.10 micrograms/ml), 13 of which belonged to serotype 19B. These strains showed decreased susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents. Vancomycin, cefpirome, and imipenem were the most active agents tested.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Inhibition of viral multiplication in cells chronically infected with mouse hepatitis virus by antisense RNA against the polymerase gene.
Recently, we showed that the antisense RNA containing a hammerhead ribozyme sequence against the polymerase gene of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) inhibited viral multiplication in acute infection [10]. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of an antisense RNA on viral multiplication in chronic MHV infection. In cell line LR-2, in which the 926-nucleotide (nt) antisense RNA containing a ribozyme sequence against the polymerase gene was expressed constitutively at a high level, chronic MHV infection was established through the maintenance of infection over 100 days postinfection (d.p.i.). After 200 d.p.i., no infectious progeny virus was observed in the culture medium of chronically MHV infected LR-2 cells. Our present results showed that the anitsense RNA could also inhibit viral multiplication in chronic MHV infection.
Animals↗
Characterization of DBT cell clones derived from cells persistently infected with the JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus.
Twelve clones derived from the cells persistently infected with the JHM strain (JHMV) of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) were established from mouse astrocytoma-derived DBT cells and characterized. All the cell clones were resistant to superinfection with MHV. Only one of the persistently infected cell clone synthesized viral RNA and proteins and produced virus particles. Viral RNA was detectable in some other cell clones without production of viral protein nor the virus. No cell clones exhibited contact fusion activity. The results suggested that such variety of cell clones might have resulted from persistent infection with JHMV.
Animals↗