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Biomedical subjects

K Inui

Publications and source records attributed to K Inui.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Thoracoscopic observation and diagnosis in cases of pleural, mediastinal, and pulmonary lesions].

Thoracoscopy was performed in a total of 424 patients at our institute from January 1970 to December 1993. The indications for thoracoscopy were pneumothorax (121 cases), primary lung cancer (98 cases), mediastinal tumor (45 cases), metastatic lung tumor (23 cases), pleuritis (35 cases), diffuse lung disease (38 cases), tuberculosis (20 cases), benign lung tumor (10 cases), and other (34 cases). By 1990, diagnostic thoracoscopy had been performed in 383 patients. Since 1991, thoracoscopy has been used therapeutically for spontaneous pneumothorax (24 cases), mediastinal and chest wall tumors (9 cases), pulmonary nodules (2 cases), and others (8 cases). Findings useful for diagnosis were obtained in 326 cases and biopsy was performed in 173 cases. Thoracoscopy was especially useful in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease, pleuritis, and small pulmonary nodules. Recent advances in endoscopic equipment and refinement of thoracoscopic techniques have expanded the application of this procedure. Our experience indicates a markedly expanded role for thoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic diseases, with less postoperative morbidity.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Diagnostic strategy for malignancy and parenchymal invasion of so-called mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas].

This study investigated diagnostic indications of malignancy and parenchymal invasion of so-called mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas (MPT). We reviewed 40 patients with this type tumor. In diagnosis of malignancy, jaundice, mural nodule (EUS), displacement or compression of the portal vein (angiography), compression of the common bile duct (cholangiography) and Group IV-V in biopsy, Class III-V in brushing cytology were important. In diagnosis of parenchymal invasion, solid mass (US, EUS, CT), arterial encasement (angiography), defect in the common bile duct (cholangiography), stenosis or obstruction of the MPD (pancreatography) and elevation of serum CA19-9, CEA levels were important. By these findings, MPT diagnosed as benign can be observed without surgical treatment. On the other hand, MPT diagnosed as malignant must be treated by surgical resection, and operative procedure must be chosen according to whether the MPT was accompanied by parenchymal invasion or not.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Inhibition of reperfusion injury by human thioredoxin (adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor) in canine lung transplantation.

Human thioredoxin, which was previously recognized as adult T-cell leukemia-derived factor, has many physiologic activities, one of which is a radical scavenger effect. Its ability to reduce reperfusion injury was assessed in vivo in a canine lung transplantation model. In 19 dogs, left lung allotransplantation was performed after 100 minutes of warm ischemia. The function of the transplanted lung was assessed after clamping of the contralateral pulmonary artery. In the human thioredoxin group (n = 6), human thioredoxin 30 mg/kg was given to the recipients during reperfusion. In the N-acetylcysteine group (n = 5), N-acetylcysteine 150 mg/kg, known as a radical scavenger, was given in the same manner. In both groups, arterial oxygen tension was significantly higher than in the control group (n = 8). In the human thioredoxin group, peak inspiratory pressure was significantly lower than in the control group. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations showed an almost normal appearance of the lung tissues in the human thioredoxin and N-acetylcysteine groups, in contrast to the abnormal findings in the control group. Thus it would appear that human thioredoxin has a protective effect on transplanted lungs, as does N-acetylcysteine, and that its action may be a radical scavenger effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of newly developed solutions containing trehalose on twenty-hour canine lung preservation.

Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that stabilizes the cell membrane under various stressful conditions. A previous study demonstrated that trehalose was effective in 12-hour canine lung preservation. We have developed new preservation solutions containing trehalose: an extracellular type ET-Kyoto solution (Na 100 mmol/L, K 44 mmol/L) and an intracellular type IT-Kyoto solution (Na 20 mmol/L, K 130 mmol/L). The composition of these solutions is identical except for the electrolyte content. We examined their efficacy in 20-hour lung preservation. Canine lungs were flushed with ET-Kyoto (group A, n = 6), with IT-Kyoto and prostaglandin E1 (25 micrograms/kg) (group B, n = 6), or with Euro-Collins solution and prostaglandin E1 (25 micrograms/kg) (group C, n = 7), and stored for 20 hours at 4 degrees C. Left lung transplantation was performed and evaluated for up to 130 minutes. The flush time was similar in the three groups. Arterial oxygen tensions (inspired oxygen fraction = 0.5) in group A were uniformly excellent (303.3 +/- 7.0 mm Hg 70 minutes after reperfusion and 303.0 +/- 19.6 mm Hg 130 minutes after reperfusion) and significantly higher than in group B (202.6 +/- 32.0 mm Hg, p < 0.05, and 197.8 +/- 44.0 mm Hg, p = 0.054, respectively) or group C (185.9 +/- 23.0 mm Hg, p < 0.01, and 155.7 +/- 36.3 mm Hg, p < 0.05, respectively). Peak inspiratory pressure in group A was significantly lower than in groups B and C (p < 0.05). Wet/dry weight ratio in group A was significantly lower than in groups B (p < 0.05) and C (p < 0.01). Histologic and scanning electron microscopic examinations showed better preservation in group A than in groups B and C. We conclude that ET-Kyoto is superior to IT-Kyoto and to Euro-Collins solution for 20-hour lung preservation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Cytoprotective effects of nicorandil on immature myocytes under hypothermic conditions].

We evaluated the functional and biochemical effects of nicorandil on cardiac myocytes incubated under hypothermic conditions. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal rat ventricles and cultured for 4 days. Myocytes (12.5 x 10(5) myocytes/flask) were then incubated at 4 degrees C for 24 hrs in media with nicorandil as follows: O M nicorandil (group C: control), 10(-5)M (group N 1), 5 x 10(-5)M (group N 2), 10(-4)M (group N 3). After hypothermic incubation, CPK and LDH were measured. The myocytes were then cultured for 24 hrs at 37 degrees C to evaluate the recovery of myocyte beating rate. For the beating rate, group N 3 showed a significantly increased recovery compared to the control (N 3: 44.2, p < 0.02, C: 24.6 percent of control; ie, beating rate prior to hypothermic incubation). The release of CPK and LDH was significantly suppressed in group N 3 compared to the control (N 3: 24.1, p < 0.005, 247.2, p < 0.01; C: 125.4 mIU/flask, 459.5 mIU/flask, respectively). Thus, nicorandil has cytoprotective effects on immature myocytes under hypothermic conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transcellular transport of oral cephalosporins in human intestinal epithelial cells, Caco-2: interaction with dipeptide transport systems in apical and basolateral membranes.

The transport characteristics of p.o. cephalosporin antibiotics by monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 were examined by measuring intracellular accumulation and transcellular transport. In the presence of an inward H+ gradient (at pH 6.0 of the apical medium), cephalosporins were accumulated by the monolayers in the following order: ceftibuten (anion) > cephradine (zwitterion) > cephalexin (zwitterion) > cefixime (anion). The accumulation rate of ceftibuten was more rapid than that of cephradine, whereas both appeared at the same rate in the basolateral compartment. The efflux of ceftibuten from the monolayers to the basolateral compartment was lower than the efflux of cephradine. The accumulation rate of ceftibuten from the basolateral side was markedly lower than that of cephradine. The accumulation of ceftibuten from both the apical and basolateral compartment was significantly inhibited by excess dipeptides. The kinetic parameters indicated that ceftibuten has higher affinity for the apical dipeptide transport system in the presence of a pH gradient, whereas it has much lower affinity for the basolateral dipeptide transport system at physiological pH of 7.4 than cephradine. These results suggest that both cephradine and ceftibuten are transported via the H+/dipeptide cotransport system localized in the apical membranes, and that the flux of these drugs across the basolateral membranes is also mediated by the dipeptide transport system in an H+ gradient-independent manner, exhibiting a rate-limiting step for their transcellular transport in Caco-2 monolayers.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[A study of the influence of gastric acid on the extension of regenerative epithelium of gastric ulcer].

To study the influence of gastric acid on the extension of the regenerative epithelium, 26 patients (28 ulcers) of gastric ulcer were examined by the stereo video-endoscope being able to measure the length and 24-hours intragastric pH monitoring. Extending speeds of the regenerative epithelium were measured from the time the regenerative epithelium of the ulcer was observed till the last examination, but which was limited 8 weeks after the first observation of the regenerative epithelium. The relationship was not observed between the extending speeds and the stages (A2-H1, H1-H2, H2-S1) of the ulcer. For 21 ulcers followed up by the stereo video-endoscope from active stage, the extending speed of the regenerative epithelium and the pH 3 holding time in a day were significantly correlated (r = 0.51, p = 0.014), and the same relationship (r = 0.56, p = 0.008) were observed in the nighttime. It was confirmed that the gastric acid regulated strongly the extending speed of regenerative epithelium of gastric ulcer. The intragastric circumstance of the low acid secretion induced by the antacid-drugs was considered to accelerate the extension of regenerative gastric epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

High-dose irradiation prevents rejection of canine tracheal allografts.

We investigated the possibility of immunosuppressant-free transplantation of the trachea using high doses of 60Co gamma irradiation of the graft before transplantation. Twenty mongrel dogs were used. Five rings of the trachea were removed from the donors and irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. Five corresponding rings were removed from the thoracic trachea of the recipient dogs, and the irradiated trachea was transplanted. Five animals were placed in each of four dosage groups: group A, no irradiation; group B, 20,000 cGy; group C, 50,000 cGy; and group D, 100,000 cGy. The anastomotic site and graft were covered with a pedicled greater omentum graft. No immunosuppressants were given. In group A, all the animals died within 1 month of tracheal stenosis caused by graft rejection. In groups B and C, one animal in each group survived for a long period, but all the others died of tracheal stenosis caused by graft rejection. In group D (100,000 cGy), the graft became incorporated into the recipient tissue in four of the five animals, and three are still alive (more than 1 year later). These findings indicate that allotransplantation of the trachea without the use of immunosuppressants is possible with pretransplantation irradiation of the graft at the dose of 100,000 cGy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of trehalose in canine lung preservation.

BACKGROUND: The effect of trehalose on the preservation of canine lungs was studied with the use of Euro-Collins solution (ECS). METHODS: In group 1, five lungs were perfused and preserved with a modified ECS in which trehalose (35.0 gm/L) was used instead of glucose. In group 2, six lungs were perfused and preserved with a modified ECS in which glucose was replaced by 70.0 gm/L trehalose. In group 3, six lungs were perfused and preserved with ECS. After preservation for 12 hours, left lung transplantation was performed. RESULTS: The PaO2 values in groups 1 and 2 at 130 minutes after reperfusion were 264.9 and 257.5 mm Hg, respectively. These PaO2 values were significantly higher than the corresponding PaO2 value in group 3 (114.8 mm Hg). All the transplanted lungs in groups 1 and 2 had normal structures on histologic examination, whereas five of the group 3 lungs showed severe pulmonary edema. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that trehalose is effective in the preservation of lungs for 12 hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Alteration of cartilage specific proteoglycan with non-weight bearing articular cartilage.

The cartilage composed of chondrocytes and their surrounding extracellular matrix, and mechanical motion of joint may influence on the metabolism of cartilage. In order to determine whether non-weight bearing status alter the metabolism of cartilage, we made histological and biochemical analysis with incorporation of 35S and the distribution of the molecular size of proteoglycans produced in the case of disused cartilage. Histologically, there were seen no disorder in cell arrangement, but poorer in cellularity and thinner in cartilage width as compared with normal one. Biochemical analysis, however demonstrate that incorporation of 35S in newly synthesized glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was lower and the molecular size also smaller than that of control suggesting that mechanical stress is an important environmental factor in maintaining the differential function of the cartilage.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1993

Transport of organic cation in renal brush-border membrane from rats with renal ischemic injury.

Transport of tetraethylammonium, an organic cation has been studied using renal brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from rats with ischemic and ischemia-reperfusion injury. H+ gradient-dependent uptake of tetraethylammonium slightly, but significantly, decreased in brush-border membrane vesicles from ischemic kidneys. When the kidney was reperfused after ischemia, the extent of the decrease of tetraethylammonium uptake was much greater than that after ischemia alone. The Vmax value of tetraethylammonium uptake by brush-border membrane vesicles from reperfused kidneys was decreased compared with control, without any change in the Km value. The tetraethylammonium uptake by the vesicles from reperfused kidneys was decreases both in the presence and absence of the outward H+ gradient (driving force). Uptake of D-glucose in renal brush-border membrane vesicles was also decreased by ischemia and again, reperfusion caused a further decrease of the uptake. Reperfusion also induced marked changes in the enrichment and recovery of marker enzymes in the isolated brush-border membrane fraction compared with ischemia. These findings suggest that renal ischemic injury altered the transport properties of tetraethylammonium as well as D-glucose, and that reperfusion after ischemia induced further damages on these functions in the brush-border membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Case of ring chromosome 7: the first report of neuropathological findings.

We report on a boy with ring chromosome 7 who had severe mental retardation, growth failure, microcephaly, cleft lip and palate, café-au-lait spots, nevus flammeus, and genital abnormalities, and died of pneumonia at age 20 months. On autopsy he had fusion of the anterior cerebral hemispheres, accompanied by agenesis of olfactory bulbs and tracts, closely resembling those found in semilobar holoprosencephaly. In addition, heterotopic Purkinje cell clusters in the cerebellar white matter, absence of pigmentation within the brainstem pigmented neurons, and severe hypomyelination in the whole brain were noted. The patient may represent the most severe manifestation of ring chromosome 7, and this is the first detailed neuropathological report on this subject.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Transport of bestatin in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles.

Bestatin [(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-leucine] is a dipeptide, comprising L-leucine and an unusual beta-amino acid. We studied its transport mechanism in rat renal brush-border membrane vesicles. Uptake of cephradine, an aminocephalosporin, by isolated brush-border membrane vesicles was trans-stimulated and cis-inhibited by bestatin, indicating that these drugs are transported via the same transport system(s). The uptake of bestatin was trans-stimulated by preloading the vesicles with glycylsarcosine, and was cis-inhibited by substrates for the H+/dipeptide cotransport system. Bestatin inhibited tetraethylammonium (an organic cation) uptake, and bestatin uptake was cis-inhibited by substrates for the H+/organic cation antiport system. In addition, bestatin uptake was stimulated by an outward H+ gradient (the driving force for the H+/organic cation antiport system). These findings suggest that bestatin, in spite of being a dipeptide, is transported via not only the H+/dipeptide cotransport system but also the H+/organic cation antiport system in rat renal brush-border membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Characteristics of organic cation transporter in rat renal basolateral membrane.

Characteristics of organic cation transport system were studied in rat renal basolateral membrane and compared with those in brush-border membrane. We first examined the effect of various chemical modifiers on tetraethylammonium uptake by the membrane vesicles. Treatment with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and phenylglyoxal (carboxyl groups and arginine residues specific reagent, respectively) resulted in inhibition of tetraethylammonium transport in both basolateral and brush-border membranes. Tetraethylammonium uptake by brush-border, but not by basolateral, membrane vesicles was decreased by diethyl pyrocarbonate, histidine residues specific reagent, treatment. Treatment of sulfhydryl groups with HgCl2 decreased tetraethylammonium transport in both membranes. However, in contrast to brush-border membrane, unlabeled tetraethylammonium failed to protect against the inhibition of [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake by p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate in basolateral membrane. We next examined the inhibitory effect of various organic cations on tetraethylammonium uptake. The order of inhibitory potency of organic cations was somewhat different between two membranes. These findings suggest that the characteristics of organic cation transport systems in basolateral and brush-border membranes were different in regard to essential amino acid residues and the affinity of substrates.

Amiloride↗
PubMed1993

Immunisation of cattle with a recombinant vaccinia vector expressing the haemagglutinin gene of rinderpest virus.

The efficacy of a recombinant rinderpest vaccine, constructed by inserting the rinderpest virus haemagglutinin gene into attenuated vaccinia virus, LC16mO strain, was tested in cattle. After subcutaneous inoculation of 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfu) of the recombinant vaccine, neither palpable skin lesions nor increases in body temperature were observed, indicating the absence of detectable clinical reactions. All the vaccinated cattle were completely protected from challenge with the Saudi 1/81 strain of virulent rinderpest virus. Contact control cattle housed in the same pen with the vaccinated animals did not develop antibodies to rinderpest or vaccinia viruses, and developed typical clinical signs of rinderpest after challenge with virulent rinderpest virus, indicating that there was no contact transmission of the recombinant virus. The 50 per cent protective doses of the vaccine, estimated by the mortality and morbidity rates respectively. were 10(4) and 10(5) pfu. To observe the effect of pre-existing immunity to vaccinia virus on the efficacy of the vaccine, cattle inoculated with the Lister strain of vaccinia virus three weeks earlier, were vaccinated with the recombinant virus. These animals developed antibodies to rinderpest virus and were protected from challenge with virulent rinderpest virus, showing that the vaccine was effective in animals already immune to vaccinia virus. The effectiveness and safety of the vaccine demonstrated in this study suggest that it has potential as a new vaccine against rinderpest.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Expression of human intestinal dipeptide transporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes.

The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 retains the H+/dipeptide cotransporter. To identify the structure of the human dipeptide transporter, we have examined the expression of the transporter in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with Caco-2 poly(A)+RNA, by monitoring the uptake of bestatin, a dipeptide-like anticancer agent. The bestatin uptake in the poly(A)+RNA-injected oocytes was inhibited by excess glycyl-L-leucine, and showed pH dependence (optimal pH of 5.5-6.0). These observations suggest that the human intestinal dipeptide transporter can be expressed functionally in Xenopus oocytes.

Animals↗