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Biomedical subjects

K Imanaka

Publications and source records attributed to K Imanaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cognitive strategies and short-term memory for movement distance and location.

A number of researchers (e.g. Kerr, 1978; Walsh, Russell, Imanaka, & James, 1979) have previously demonstrated interference between location and distance information in motor short-term memory. This interference manifests itself in a characteristic pattern of undershooting and overshooting, with reproduction movement location being drawn in the direction of criterion movement distance and, conversely, the distance of reproduction movements being influenced by the terminal location of the criterion movement. We investigated the effects of different cognitive strategies upon the appearance of this location-distance interference during the reproduction of movement location (Experiment 1) and distance (Experiments 2 and 3) in a linear arm positioning task. Experiment 1 compared performance in location reproduction between two strategy groups differing in the availability of explicit information about the change in starting position. The characteristic undershooting-overshooting interference pattern was observed for the group without the explicit information about the change in starting position but disappeared for the group in which explicit information about the change in starting position was provided. Experiment 2 examined the systematic undershooting-overshooting pattern in distance reproduction for a location strategy (involving some extrapolation of the start and end locations), a counting strategy, and a distance sense strategy (involving the use of visual imagery). The systematic response bias pattern disappeared when the subjects used a location strategy but was clearly observed for the subjects using the other two strategies. This finding was generally confirmed by Experiment 3, which showed a typical undershooting-overshooting pattern in distance reproduction for a counting/distance sense strategy but not for two location strategies (a general location and an explicit location strategy). The location strategies differed in the availability of explicit information about starting and end locations for both the criterion and reproduction movements. The results from these three experiments indicate that explicit information about the start and/or end locations prevents the usual interference between location and distance information from arising in movement reproduction. The notions of automatic and controlled processing and cerebral hemispheric specialization are discussed as potential explanations of these results and of the interference typically observed in motor short-term memory between distance and location information.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of blood flow in the parameatal foreskin flap for urethroplasty in hypospadias repair.

During the one-stage repair of hypospadias the blood flow of the parameatal-based foreskin flap was measured in 30 patients by using laser Doppler velocimetry. The mean blood flow in the penile foreskin was estimated to be 15 ml/min/100 g and it increased to 150-200% after the induction of anesthesia, and then decreased to 72% at the tip of the created parameatal foreskin flap. Topical application of papaverine hydrochloride restored the flow to the preincision level in half of the cases. The parameatal foreskin flap, both in the form of a manta-wing and in extended circumferential form, appears to have an enough microcirculation suitable for one-stage repair (OUPF II and OUPF IV, respectively) of hypospadias.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Transcatheter arterial infusion of adriamycin-lipiodol suspension to patients with metastatic liver tumor].

Adriamycin-Lipiodol suspension was administered to 44 patients with metastatic liver tumor using the transcatheter arterial infusion method. The result revealed 23% in the over all effect (partial response or more) of the therapy which was evaluated by comparing the CT images of the tumor, 47% in the 25% or more of the decrease of the tumor, and 65%, very effective in the decrease of the smaller tumor (less than 50 cm2). Except for a case of hepatic subcapsular hematoma after the infusion of Adriamycin-Lipiodol suspension, minor complications were experienced such as abdominal pain, slight fever, and so on. No serious exacerbation in liver function test and white blood cell count was noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Histopathological study of the esophageal injury induced by high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation].

The histopathological responses of the rabbit esophagus to high-dose-rate intracavitary irradiation were investigated. After 5, 10 or 15 Gy irradiation using a remote afterloading system, the rabbits were sacrificed on different occasions. The esophagus was excised from each animal and examined histopathologically. Esophageal ulcer was observed 7 to 28 days after the irradiation of the highest dose. Edema and cell infiltration in the lamina propria proceeded mucosal changes like ulcer. Chronic injuries such as mucosal necrosis were seen at 6 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Use of testosterone ointment before hypospadias repair.

Fifteen children, aged between 2 and 9 years old, with hypospadias (4 penile; 6 penoscrotal; 3 scrotal; 1 perineal) were administered testosterone ointment before one-stage urethroplasty. Temporary penile growth and skin enlargement were obtained in all. Side effects were negligible. The plasma testosterone level was measured before, during and after testosterone administration. During testosterone stimulation, the plasma testosterone level ranged from 30 to 190 ng/dl, and returned to the normal range a week after administration had been stopped. Primary success of hypospadias repair was obtained in 10 of 15 children (66.7%).

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study of preoperative radiotherapy of bladder cancer].

From May 1982 to Nov. 1987, 33 patients with bladder carcinoma were treated with preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5fr) and total cystectomy. The over all 3-year survival rate was 70%. For T1 and T2, 3-year survival rate was 100%, but only 55% and 0% for T3 and T4 respectively. In 23 out of 33 patients, preoperative T-stage was confirmed by TUR-BT. Down-Staging was recognized in 7 out of 23 patients (30%). They were 0 out of 1 patients for Tcis (0%), 2 of 3 for T1 (67%), 3 of 6 for T2 (50%), 2 of 11 for T3 (18%) and 0 of 2 for T4 (0%). This protocol of preoperative radiotherapy is thought to be favorable for T1 and T2 bladder carcinoma, but inadequate for T3 and T4 tumors. Consequently, it is considered that higher dose radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy are necessary for T3 and T4 bladder carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Early changes in serum alpha-fetoprotein after chemotherapy in advanced testicular tumors].

The serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are known to undergo acute changes (paradoxical elevation) after effective chemotherapies for testicular germ cell tumors. In order to understand the clinical significance, the changes of the serum AFP levels after PVB therapy for testicular germ cell tumors were analyzed, and their relationship to the treatment effects was investigated in this retrospective study. Thirty-one patients with testicular germ cell tumors (11 with stage I, 7 with stage II, and 13 with stage III) which had been treated by PVB therapy were evaluated. The measurement of the serum AFP levels was performed by radioimmunoassay on Day 1 (the initiation day of the PVB therapy), thereafter on Day 8 and Day 22. The half-life (t1/2) or doubling time (t2) of the serum AFP were calculated. In patients with stage I disease, the serum AFP levels declined nearly according to its biological half-life between Day 1 and Day 22 after termination of chemotherapy (t1/2 = 6.2 days). In patients with stage II or III disease, the changes of the serum AFP levels were not consistent with the treatment results between Day 1 and Day 8. Namely, complete responders revealed a prolonged decline of the serum AFP levels (t1/2 = 63.0 days), partial responders a transient rise of the serum AFP levels (t2 = 49.5 days) and non-responders a sudden rise of the serum AFP levels (t2 = 9.9 days). On the contrary, the serum AFP levels changed in accordance with the treatment effects between Day 8 and Day 22. Early changes of the serum AFP levels were seen in patients with stage II or III disease between Day 1 and Day 8 after chemotherapy. It was indicated that the measurements of the serum AFP levels during this period were not useful for the evaluation of the treatment effects in these patients. Furthermore, it was suggested that the early changes of the serum AFP levels possibly correlate with the poor response. The mechanism of the early changes of the serum AFP was also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical study on development factors of radiation pneumonitis].

Forty-six lung cancer patients received radiotherapy from 1982 to 1987 were reviewed to analyze the incidence of radiation pneumonitis and the factors which were related to it. The incidence of which evaluated with plain chest X-ray was 54% at 1 month, 78% at 3 months and 89% at 6 months after radiotherapy. The relationship between severity of pneumonitis and several parameters were studied. As a result, six parameters consisting of pre-radiotherapy granulocyte counts, tumor location, T-factor, radiation dose, radiation field size and the combination timing of chemotherapy were found to be contributing factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of starting position on reproduction of movement: further evidence of interference between location and distance information.

Two experiments done with a short-term memory paradigm examined the influence of shifts in the starting position on the reproduction of kinesthetic location (Exp. 1) and on distance cues (Exp. 2). We assessed possible causes of the systematic pattern of undershooting and overshooting as related to the shift in the starting position. In each experiment, two groups of 10 students were given 25 trials, and each had criterion and reproduction tasks involving linear-positioning movements with a 10-sec. retention interval. Each experiment had two independent variables, the group of subjects and the shift in the starting position. The two groups differed in the possible sources of information, the distance moved (Exp. 1) or the end-location (Exp. 2), which were assumed to cause undershooting and overshooting during reproduction. Analysis showed that the information about the distance moved may produce undershooting and overshooting in reproduction of the end-location (Exp. 2). Also, the information about the end-location may produce undershooting and overshooting in reproduction of the distance moved (Exp. 2). The findings were further evidence of interference between location and distance cues in motor short-term memory.

Cues↗
PubMed1989

[Accuracy of computed tomography in the staging of renal cell carcinoma].

Computed tomography (CT) was performed in a total 124 cases of renal cell carcinoma to determine perinephric invasion, venous invasion and involvement of the regional lymph node. The findings obtained were compared with pathological findings. CT findings for invasion of perinephric fat showed a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 82 and accuracy of 82%. For adjacent organ invasion CT findings revealed a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 99%. As to venous invasion CT findings showed a sensitivity of 86%, specificity of 97%, and accuracy of 95%, and for lymph node involvement CT findings revealed a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 98%, accuracy of 96%. Although the accuracy is not so high in diagnosing invasion of perinephric fat, CT scan was proven to be a valuable diagnostic measure for detection of adjacent organ invasion, venous invasion and lymph node involvement, thus helping to select a suitable surgical approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase assay based on the immunoenzymatic method (TZR-516)].

The usefulness of a newly developed prostatic acid phosphatase assay based on the immunoenzymatic method (PAP-IEA) was studied. Serum samples were obtained from 22 untreated prostatic carcinoma patients, 34 benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, 32 prostatic disease-free patients and 27 normal volunteers. Mean +/- S.D. of PAP-IEA in prostatic disease-free group and normal volunteer group was 0.46 +/- 0.27 ng/ml. So, the upper limit of PAP-IEA for clinical normal range was set to 1 ng/ml (= Mean + 2S.D.). Thus, the false positive rate of benign prostatic hyperplasia was estimated at 9% and false negative rate of untreated prostatic carcinoma at 27%. Meanwhile, PAP-IEA values measured in this study were correlated well to PAP-RIA values measured in the same samples (r = 0.994).

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

[Interventional DSA in lung cancer--bronchial artery infusion].

Bronchial artery infusion (BAI) has been looked to as an important adjunct for controlling lung cancer. However, there are some anatomic facts to meet in performing angiography: multiplicity of the bronchial artery with wide variation of ramification pattern. To deal with these problems, since 1984, we have been working with DSA apparatus (Siemens: ANGIOTRON) for intervention in 162 cases of lung cancer. Because of higher contrast resolution, subtracted dynamic image and realtime replay on CRT, DSA allows (1) bronchial artery mapping on aortography, (2) prompt verification of the areas to be or not to be infused by anticancer drugs, and (3) tumor stain not only in the primary lesion but also metastasized lymph nodes or mediastinal invasion. DSA aortography evaluated the right-sided bronchial artery more frequently (90.1%) than the left-sided (46.3%). Tumor location made feeding vessels more remarkable on DSA: 96.0% in the right and 68.9% in the left. The overall accuracy of BAI basically depends on the result of DSA measuring 91.9% (149 of 162 cases). The effect of BAI combined with radiation therapy, for each histologic category, preliminarily estimated in two groups: one with two drugs and another with CDDP. Small cell carcinoma with "two drugs" and squamous cell carcinoma with CDDP seem to show statistical predominance in the period of 50% tumor size reduction.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefixime in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis].

Cefixime (CFIX) was administered 200 mg (2 divided doses) per day to 154 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis. Ninety four of the 154 patients who satisfied the criteria proposed by the UTI Committee, Japan were examined for the efficacy of the treatment, but 151 of 154 patients were included in the study of the side effects of the drug. The overall clinical efficacy was excellent in 80.8% and moderate in 18.1% of the patients. Ninety five (97.9%) of 97 strains which were isolated from the patients were eradicated in the urinary specimens by the treatment. Subjective side effects were observed in only one (0.7%) of the 151 patients, who complained of a sensation of heaviness in the head. No drug-related aggravation in the laboratory test was observed except for three patients who showed mild elevation glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. These results showed that the oral administration of CFIX was excellent and satisfactory in the treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[High resolution computed tomography of diffuse interstitial pneumonia during treatment].

HRCT was carried out in twenty patients with diffuse interstitial pneumonia: 13 cases of IIP, 3 of BOOP, 2 of drug-induced pneumonia, 1 of rheumatoid lung and acute interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin. With special attention to inflammatory activity, the patients underwent HRCT periodically during the treatment. Correlative investigation between HRCT image and grade of accumulation in 67Ga scintigraphy was also performed. Response to steroid therapy was clearly reflected on HRCT image, that was shown as decreasing pulmonary density or thinning of honeycomb wall. HRCT is considered to be useful in assessing the activity of diffuse interstitial pneumonia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Further experience with one-stage repair of severe hypospadias and scrotal transposition. Modifications in the technique and its result in eight cases.

Further experience with one-stage repair of severe hypospadias and scrotal transposition performed in eight patients is reported. Primary success was obtained in six, while one patient was cured by secondary repair. While describing the operative technique with some modifications it was reassured that our parameatal preputial flap is a well vascularized one which can safely and easily be constructed into a neourethra. Advantages of improved "glanulomeatoplasty" and scrotoplasty are also discussed. The method is recommended as highly successful to attain excellent functional and cosmetic results in one stage for severe hypospadias.

Child↗
PubMed1988

One-stage total repair of severe hypospadias with scrotal transposition: experience in 18 cases.

This is a report detailing further experience with our one-stage repair of severe hypospadias and scrotal transposition performed on 18 patients. Initial success was obtained in 12 cases, while two more were improved by secondary repair. The operative technique, as modified, assures a parameatal preputial flap, which is well vascularized and easily constructed into a neourethra. The advantages of this improved "glanulomeatoplasty" and scrotoplasty are discussed. The method is recommended as an excellent functional and cosmetic procedure for one-stage correction of severe hypospadias.

Child, Preschool↗