A cup-shaped silicon prosthesis was developed to treat patients with excretory azoospermia and chemical management of the aspirated spermatozoa was attempted prior to cervical insemination of the wives. These cup-shaped prostheses were implanted eight times in six patients, four of whom had congenital absence and two of whom had bilateral inflammatory obstruction of the vas deferens. The surgical technique was based on the method of Cruz (1980), which involved wrapping the tunica vaginalis over the top of the prosthesis. Aspirated spermatozoa were incubated in a modified Ringer's solution at 37 C for 30 minutes and used for the cervical insemination of the wives. Epididymal spermatozoa could be collected from all patients 10 to 20 weeks after the operation. The percentage of motile aspirated spermatozoa ranged from 0 to 20%. In two cases, the percentage of motile spermatozoa aspirated from the prosthesis increased markedly from 5 and 10% to 55 and 60%, respectively, after incubation of the spermatozoa in the medium. Cervical inseminations were tried in all of the wives from two to four times, but no pregnancy resulted during this study.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Bile acid malabsorption as a cause of hypocholesterolemia seen in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

A determination of caloric consumption based on a dietary survey table, fat and cholesterol intake, and analyses of fecal fatty acids and neutral sterols, and bile acid analysis (gas chromatographic method) were conducted on 33 subjects (including 17 patients with chronic pancreatitis and 16 normal controls). The factors related to hypocholesterolemia in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients were investigated and the following conclusions were obtained: (1) The total caloric intake and fat consumption by the CP patients were significantly lower with the exception of cholesterol consumption. (2) Significant increases were noted in fecal fat, neutral sterols, and bile acid excretion by the CP patients. (3) A significant positive correlation was noted between the total cholesterol and body mass index (BMI), reaffirming that the cholesterol level can be used as an indicator of nutritional status. (4) A significant negative correlation was noted between the serum total cholesterol and fecal bile acid excretion. These findings indicate that CP patients suffer from neutral sterol malabsorption, in addition to dietary fat maldigestion and bile acid malabsorption. Furthermore, bile acid malabsorption is cited as a factor in the development of hypocholesterolemia in CP patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of omeprazole on changes in gastric and upper small intestine pH levels in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Gastric and upper small intestine pH levels were measured continuously over 24 hours in patients with chronic pancreatitis, and values obtained before and after the administration of omeprazole were compared. Additionally, omeprazole was administered for 2 weeks and the fecal excretion of fat was compared before and after drug therapy. Postprandial gastric pH levels, initially 2.9 to 3.2, increased by 1.6 to 2.1 after treatment. Postprandial upper small intestine pH levels, initially 5.1 to 5.5, increased by 0.7 to 1.0. The lowest pH value of the upper small intestine was 2.2 to 2.4 postprandially; this was increased by > 1.0 after omeprazole, and the amplitude of pH variation was reduced. The cumulative proportions of intraintestinal pH strata of < or = 3, < or = 4, or < or = 5, and higher, initially being 16.4% to 17.1%, 27.4% to 31.7%, and 52.6% to 57.8%, respectively, were remarkably improved after drug treatment. Gastric pH and upper small intestine pH levels showed a positive correlation; an increase in gastric pH levels by 2 corresponded to an increase in small intestine pH levels by 1. After omeprazole administration, mean fecal excretion of fat was decreased to 4.1 +/- 2.6 g/d (range, 1.1 to 9.8 g/d) from 6.5 +/- 3.9 g/d (range, 1.6 to 13.5 g/d). Decreases in excretion of fat averaged 3.4 g/d (range, 2.2 to 4.5 g/d) in patients with steatorrhea. It was concluded that steatorrhea due to chronic pancreatitis can be improved to some extent by improving upper small intestine pH levels following the elevation of gastric pH levels after administration of omeprazole.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fecal excretions of hydroxy fatty acid and bile acid in diabetic diarrheal patients.

Thirteen normal subjects, 5 diarrheal controls (Group I) and 13 diabetics without peripheral neuropathy (Group II) were compared with 7 diabetic patients (Group III) with respect to fecal excretions of bile acids and hydroxy fatty acids for pathogenesis of diabetic diarrhea. The mean fecal excretions of bile acids per day were 304.9 mg for the normal controls, 297.8 mg for Group I, and 382.4 mg for Group II, while those of Group III were significantly higher (958.2 mg, p < 0.01) than the foregoing groups, and nearly three times as much as the controls. As to the fecal fatty acid excretion, there were no significant differences observed among these groups. The percentages of fecal hydroxy fatty acids were not significantly different in normal subjects (1.5%), Group I (2.0%), and Group II (1.2%). In contrast, the percentage of hydroxy fatty acid for Group III was greatly (p < 0.01) increased (13.2%). From the above results, the percentage of hydroxy fatty acid in diabetic diarrheal patients was high, suggesting that there is bacterial overgrowth. Meanwhile, the fecal bile acid level was increased about three times, indicative of poor absorption of bile acid from mild to moderate degree. Therefore, it is considered improbable that fecal hydroxy fatty acids and bile acids are the cause of diabetic diarrhea.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The evolution of the lesion in the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Activation mechanism of brain microglia in patients with diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification: a comparison with Alzheimer disease.

Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification (DNTC) is an atypical dementia and is characterized pathologically by diffuse neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) without senile plaques (SPs). In this study, we investigated the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-positive activated microglia in postmortem brain tissue of six patients with DNTC and six patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). HLA-DR-positive activated microglia were observed to associate with SPs in AD. In the DNTC brain, which lacks SPs, HLA-DR-positive microglia were mainly accumulated around weakly tau-positive NFTs, which were also positive for anti-amyloid-P and anti-C3d antibodies. The results of this study suggest that the complement pathway is also activated in the DNTC brain and that immune and inflammatory responses, including microglia activation, may occur around extracellular NFTs in DNTC patients.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of zeta potential on the permeability of dialysis membranes to inorganic phosphate.

Some patients on hemodialysis have elevated plasma phosphate values. The chemical and physical properties of dialysis membranes may cause reduced inorganic phosphate clearance, leading to hyperphosphatemia. The zeta potential was determined by a streaming potential method using an electrolytic, aqueous solution to elucidate discrepancies in phosphate ion transport through cellulosic and polymethylmethacrylate membranes. The authors also carried out dialysis experiments at 310K to obtain solute permeability for H32PO4(2-), overall mass transfer coefficient for HPO4(2-), and pure water permeability. This study demonstrates that permeability to inorganic phosphate ion does not vary with zeta potential for cellulosic membranes, but polymethylmethacrylate membranes with highly negative zeta potentials may suppress phosphate removal from patients on hemodialysis.

Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder↗