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Biomedical subjects

K Ichimura

Publications and source records attributed to K Ichimura.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Free colon transfer: a versatile method for reconstruction of pharyngoesophageal defects with a large pharyngostoma.

Free transverse colon transfers based on the middle colic vessels were used to reconstruct a pharyngoesophageal defect in 9 patients. In all patients, cancer invaded up to the oropharynx. Resection resulted in a larger pharyngostoma than normally seen following standard total pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy. In such cases, it can be difficult to achieve good swallowing function after reconstruction using the free jejunal transfer. This mainly results from a significant discrepancy between the diameter of the pharyngostoma and that of the jejunum. Compared to the jejunum, the transverse colon has a larger diameter with a longer vascular pedicle and can provide a longer, straight intestinal tube, facilitating easy passage of a food bolus. In our series, all transfers survived well and all patients had good swallowing function postoperatively. We consider that a free colon transfer is more suitable than a free jejunal transfer for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction in patients with a large pharyngostoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Amplification at 12q13-14 in human malignant gliomas is frequently accompanied by loss of heterozygosity at loci proximal and distal to the amplification site.

We have recently reported that a subset of human malignant gliomas shows amplification and overexpression of multiple genes from chromosomal segment 12q13-14, including CDK4, SAS, and MDM2. In the present study we have performed an allelotyping for 16 polymorphic loci spanning both arms of chromosome 12 in a series of 136 gliomas. Allelic deletions were found in 50% (7 of 14) of the malignant gliomas with 12q13-14 amplification and involved loci located on 12q proximal and distal to the amplification site. In contrast, the incidence of allelic loss on chromosome 12 was significantly lower in gliomas without 12q13-14 amplification [14% (11 of 79) in the WHO grade III and IV gliomas, 9% (4 of 43) in the WHO grade I and II gliomas]. The frequent association between 12q13-14 amplification and loss of alleles from 12q is in line with a model suggesting chromosome breakage and deletion as important events in the development of gene amplification.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

Essentials of surgical treatment for intramasseteric hemangioma.

Although rare, surgical treatment may become necessary for patients with intramasseteric hemangiomas. Possible bleeding, neural injury or postoperative dysfunction are factors limiting surgical approaches. We present the following surgical highpoints for tumors involving the masseter muscles. These include careful preoperative planning with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as a surgical approach that provides adequate exposure for optimal tumor resection and identification of vital anatomic structures. In particular, care must be taken to preserve branches of the facial nerve. In certain cases, preoperative embolization or ligation of vessels feeding tumor helps to minimize blood loss. Whenever possible, complete tumor should be adequately resected with a surrounding margin of normal muscle. Postoperative lymphedema can be minimized by preserving the mandibular periosteum and oral or parenteral use of medication with anti-inflammatory agents. At the University of Tokyo, continuous suction is preferred with a fenestrated drain or pressure dressing with a Penrose drain should be applied to prevent hematoma. Postoperative dysfunction, such as trismus, is prevented by supportive measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Solution X-ray scattering study on the chaperonin GroEL from Escherichia coli.

The molecular architecture of native GroEL has been studied by solution X-ray scattering. The radius of gyration for the native molecule was estimated to be 66.0 A in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM KCl at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C. The maximum dimension was estimated to be 170 A, based on the pair distance distribution function. A cylindrical structure or two heptameric rings was found to be the best for native GroEL among structures examined by using a multi-sphere model analysis in which the radius of constituent sphere was 6 A. The results of the model analysis show that the radius of GroEL is 68.0 A and the height is 150.7 A. Unexpectedly, the central penetrating hole through GroEL was not confirmed in the best-fit structure.

Chaperonin 60↗
PubMed1995

Effect of perinatal hypothyroidism on expression of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, which is cloned by differential plaque screening from the cerebellum of newborn rat.

Early development of the central nervous system is influenced by several hormones including thyroid hormone. This study was designed to clone the gene whose expression is changed in association with perinatal hypothyroidism in the rat cerebellum. Rats were sacrificed at 15 day-old postnatal age (P15) and their cerebella were removed. Poly (A)+ RNA was extracted to construct a cDNA library using lambda gt 10 cloning vector. Differential plaque screening was then performed using 32P-labeled antisense cDNA synthesized from poly (A)+ RNA of the methimazole-treated (hypothyroid) P15 rat cerebellum (hypothyroid probe), and of the euthyroid P15 rat cerebellum (euthyroid probe). The clones, which hybridized strongly to the euthyroid probe and weakly or not at all to the hypothyroid probe, were isolated. Sequence analysis of these clones revealed that all isolated clones encode cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX I), which is located in the mitochondrial DNA. The decrease in COX I gene expression was not seen in the animals, which received methimazole treatment and daily replacement of thyroid hormone. In situ hybridization detection showed not only overall decrease in COX I gene expression but also change in distribution of hybridization signal in the cerebellar cortex of hypothyroid rat. Such change was not observed in the T4-replaced animals. Based on the evidence that thyroid hormone greatly influences brain development, the results of the present study indicate that the terminal enzyme of mitochondrial respiratory chain, COX I is one of the important target molecules regulated by thyroid hormone in the newborn rat cerebellum.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of palatal polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma].

We present a 58-year-old male patient with bilateral cheek swelling and an extraorally protruding tumor who has had deaf mutism since birth. He underwent surgery of the right hard palate 11 years ago. Five years later biopsy was performed for a recurrent lesion diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma. He refused additional treatment and the size of the tumor subsequently increased slowly. As rapid tumor-growth had been observed since autumn of 1992, he was referred to Tokyo University Hospital. We took meticulous care of this deaf-mute patient, especially from the psychological aspect, which caused him to place great reliance upon us. We performed bilateral maxillectomy with partial resection of the right cheek skin and reconstructed his face and palate successfully using both latissmus dorsi and serratus anterior musculocutaneous free flaps with a rib. Histopathological diagnosis of the tumor was polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma, which was registered as a definite entity in the WHO Classification in 1991. There was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis one year postoperatively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

CDKN2 (p16/MTS1) gene deletion or CDK4 amplification occurs in the majority of glioblastomas.

Forty-six glioblastomas, 16 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 8 astrocytomas were studied for the loss of the CDKN2 (p16/MTS1) gene on 9p. The CDKN2 locus was homozygously deleted in 19 of 46 glioblastomas (41%) and 1 allele was lost in an additional 13 cases (28%). The deleted regions were limited centromerically in some cases by the MTS2 locus and telomerically by the 1063.7 locus. CDKN2 was homozygously deleted in 3 of 16 anaplastic astrocytomas (19%) and 2 further cases showed loss of 1 allele. Amplification of the CDK4 gene was present in 7 of 14 (50%) glioblastomas and 3 of 11 (27%) anaplastic astrocytomas with no losses at the CDKN2 locus as well as in 2 of 32 (6%) glioblastomas with CDKN2 losses. Thus one or more of these two genes were shown to be aberrant in 85% of glioblastomas and 50% of anaplastic astrocytomas. None of the 8 astrocytomas showed abnormalities of these genes.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

Amplification of multiple genes from chromosomal region 12q13-14 in human malignant gliomas: preliminary mapping of the amplicons shows preferential involvement of CDK4, SAS, and MDM2.

We have investigated 234 tumors of the central nervous system for amplification of 9 different loci from 12q13-14 and report that about 15% of the anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas show amplification at this chromosomal region. The genes most frequently amplified were CDK4 and SAS (18 of 19 cases). MDM2 was coamplified with CDK4 and SAS in 11 tumors while one glioblastoma showed only MDM2 amplification. Some amplicons additionally included GADD153 (9 cases), GLI (6 cases), A2MR (3 cases), and the anonymous locus D12S8 (2 cases). Either MDM2 or CDK4 and SAS showed the highest amplification level in each individual amplicon and amplification of these genes was consistently accompanied by strong overexpression. Our results thus suggest CDK4, SAS, and MDM2 as main targets for the amplification; however, the possibility exists that all amplicons share a common amplified region between MDM2 and CDK4/SAS which might contain one or more as yet unidentified genes.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1994

A common region of homozygous deletion in malignant human gliomas lies between the IFN alpha/omega gene cluster and the D9S171 locus.

Deletions of the 9p-localized type-I interferon (IFN) genes and adjacent loci often occur during the development of malignant glioma. We have applied restriction fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite analysis to 12 loci covering this region of 9p and 3 loci on 9q in 74 human glial tumor tissues to define and further localize the smallest region of hemizygous or homozygous deletion common to the tumors. Three regions of homozygous deletion were evident among the panel of tumors; only one of these, however, residing between D9S171 and the IFN alpha/omega gene cluster, was involved in multiple cases (13 glioblastomas). Hemizygous deletion of this same region was observed in an additional 27 tumors. In total these data indicate the frequent inactivation of a novel tumor suppressor gene residing adjacent to and centromeric of the type-I IFN genes in malignant gliomas.

Alleles↗
PubMed1994

DNA amplifications and elevated expression of proto-oncogene in addition to altered DNA ploidy in metastatic brain tumors.

The histopathological characteristics, proto-oncogene amplification, immunohistopathology of the c-erbB-2 product distribution, and the DNA content of nuclei were examined in metastatic brain tumors, which consisted of seven adenocarcinomas, a large cell carcinoma, a squamous cell carcinoma, a renal cell carcinoma and a mucoepidermoid carcinoma. A very high incidence of DNA changes was seen in these tumors. Proto-oncogene amplification and abnormal DNA content in the nuclear portion were found in 64% (7/11) and 67% (6/9) of cases, respectively. We also found double oncogene alteration in three cases metastasizing from lung, esophagus and kidney, and triple oncogene alteration in one case metastasizing from breast. We could not identify the common alterations in the group of metastatic brain tumor cells. These data suggest that the proto-oncogene amplifications and the alteration of DNA ploidy pattern may contribute to the metastatic process.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

Surgically induced angiogenesis to compensate for hemodynamic cerebral ischemia.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The ischemic brain may stimulate angiogenesis to compensate for impaired circulation. We examined the conditions promoting such angiogenesis to provide the basis for surgical treatment. METHODS: The degree of cerebral hemodynamic stress was studied in patients with moyamoya disease using the stable xenon-enhanced computed tomographic acetazolamide tolerance test and positron emission tomography. Patients were subjected to surgery in which scalp arteries were placed on the cerebral cortex without vessel-to-vessel anastomosis. Formation of the newly vascularized collateral network connecting the implanted artery to cortical arteries was assessed angiographically 12 to 17 months after surgery. RESULTS: Preoperative average resting cerebral blood flow for cortex that developed revascularization of cortical arteries was not significantly different from that for cortex that did not. However, cortex that developed revascularization had an average preoperative increase of blood flow by acetazolamide treatment of -3.29 +/- 4.6 mL/min per 100 cm3 (n = 20), which was significantly less (P = .0034) than that of cortex that did not show revascularization (20.7 +/- 4.3 mL/min per 100 cm3; n = 9). Good revascularization developed when the cortex showed increase of blood flow by acetazolamide treatment of less than 0 (steal phenomenon). Preoperative positron emission tomography data indicated that revascularization developed when the cortex was under "misery perfusion." Postoperative hemodynamics were ameliorated by revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis to connect the implanted scalp arteries to the cerebral cortical arteries was selectively initiated when ischemia of hemodynamic origin existed.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1994

[Influence of the angle between the nasal cavity axis and nosepiece in acoustic rhinometry].

We evaluated the influence of the angle between the nasal cavity axis and the nosepiece (made with acrylics) in acoustic rhinometry (AR). This study was composed of three experiments. In the first experiment, the influence of angulation on nasal volume was evaluated using a silicone nasal model based on a cast of the nasal cavity of a cadaver. The angle between the nosepiece and the horizontal plane was changed by 10 degrees, 40 degrees or 70 degrees, vertically; the angle between the nosepiece and the sagittal plane was similarly changed horizontally. The nasal volume, obtained as the AR area-distance curve from 6.9-14.1cm, was measured under each condition. While the horizontal change in angle did not significantly influence the result obtained by AR, in the vertical change, the measured value rose as the angle was decreased from 70 degrees to 10 degrees. In the second experiment, an evaluation in healthy subjects (5 males, 4 females, mean age 28.6 years) revealed the same tendency in changing the horizontal angle, whereas vertically a change of 10 degrees produced a significant decrease over that seen with angles of 40 degrees and 70 degrees. This result contradicted that obtained in the model study mentioned above. In studying the effect of changing the vertical angle, the volume of the posterior 5 cm and that of the anterior 2 cm of the nasal cavity was evaluated in the same subjects. The volume of the posterior 5 cm did not differ significantly among angles, while that of the anterior 2 cm showed the same trend as observed with the whole nasal cavity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Vasoactivity of human nasal mucosa in response to sensory neurotransmitters (a study of nasal geometrical change with acoustic rhinometry)].

Intranasal blood flow is regulated not only by autonomic but also by sensory nervous systems. Sensory neurotransmitters are reported to control resistance vessels. Our investigation of intranasal vasoactivity before and after applying sensory neurotransmitters was conducted using acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry is a modern method of evaluating the cross-sectional area and volume of the nasal cavity. Its characteristics are that it is a non-traumatic procedure, minimal time is required for measurements and reliability is high. In the present experiment, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) were used as the sensory neurotransmitters. Six males (26-39 years old), without nasal abnormalities, were examined for one hour with acoustic rhinometry before and after administration of these transmitters. Nose drops of these preparations were introduced into one nasal cavity of each candidates, while in the head tilt position. After application of nose drops, both sides were evaluated with acoustic rhinometry in regard to minimal cross sectional area (MCSA) and nasal volume. Both CGRP and SP decreased the MCSA and volume on the applied side within ten minutes, which was followed by a plateau level for 1 hour. The opposite sides showed no significant change in either MCSA or volume. Changes in the MCSA ratio increased dose-dependently as the concentration of CGRP or SP increased. Changes in the volume ratio decreased when the concentration of SP was increased from 10(-8) to 10(-7) M, while it converted and then rose at 10(-6) M. CGRP has a potent vasodilator effect on vascular smooth muscles. SP also induces relaxation of vascular tone via endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Combined CDDP-THP-PEP chemotherapy (PTP therapy) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma--a group study].

A group study of chemotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, using CDDP, THP and PEP, was carried out on 32 cases at the department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, and 7 affiliated hospitals. The combined chemotherapy, which we call "PTP therapy", consisted of 30 mg/m2 of THP on day 1, 70 mg/m2 of CDDP on day 2, and 5 mg/body/day of PEP on 4 successive days. The overall response rate was 78.1% (CR: 15.6%; PR: 62.5%). No major side effect was observed in any case. PTP therapy is useful in neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗