Dermal injury following the use of fiberoptic phototherapy in an extremely premature infant.
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Bedding and Linens↗
Biomedical subjects
K Hussain
Publications and source records attributed to K Hussain.
Management of soft tissue facial wounds.
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Accidental Falls↗
Glandular odontogenic cysts. Diagnosis and treatment.
Four cases of glandular odontogenic cyst are reported. Review of these and 13 previously reported cases indicates that they present as slowly growing, painless, radiolucent swellings with a predilection for the anterior part of the mandible. An incisional biopsy is essential to establish a definitive preoperative diagnosis. The unpredictable and potentially aggressive nature of these lesions is suggested by their extensive nature, penetration of cortical bone, locally invasive potential, and high incidence of recurrence after conservative treatment. In view of this behavior we suggest en bloc excision and primary reconstruction to ensure cure and reduce the operative morbidity.
Adult↗
Ricin B chain fragments expressed in Escherichia coli are able to bind free galactose in contrast to the full length polypeptide.
Deleted forms of ricin B chain (RTB) containing only one of the two galactose binding sites were produced in E. coli and targeted to the periplasm by fusion to the ompA or ompF signal sequences. The proteins were then isolated from the periplasm and their sugar binding properties assessed. Previous studies investigating the properties of such proteins produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes suggested that deleted forms of RTB, when not glycosylated, retain their ability to bind simple sugars, unlike the full-length unglycosylated proteins. When produced in E. coli however we found that only one, EB733, of a number of deleted forms of RTB closely related to those previously produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes, bound to simple sugars. All of the deletion forms of RTB were found to bind in the asialofetuin binding assay; an assay which has been previously utilized to measure binding of lectins to the terminal galactose residues of glycoprotein oligosaccharides. However, in contrast to glycosylated RTB, binding of the deletion mutants could be competed to only a small degree or not at all with galactose. The only deletion mutant observed to bind to free galactose when produced in E. coli corresponded closely to the complete domain 2 of RTB. It is assumed that this mutant forms a stable structure similar to that of the C-terminal domain in the full-length protein. The structural integrity of EB733 was not only suggested by its sugar binding properties and solubility but also by its consistently higher level of expression and the absence of any apparent susceptibility to E. coli proteases.
Base Sequence↗
A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma.
A review of the literature identified a need for a prospective study of the complete range of craniofacial trauma. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence, etiology, and mechanisms of craniofacial and associated injuries, enabling a greater understanding of their range and magnitude. Nine hundred fifty consecutive patients seen at an urban university hospital with any degree of craniofacial trauma were prospectively investigated. Craniofacial trauma was found to be very common at all ages. The causes were directly related to age, sex, and alcohol consumption, and determine the type and severity of injury. The commonest cause of soft-tissue injury was falls, whereas that of fractures was interpersonal violence. Falls accounted for most of the injuries in children and the elderly, whereas interpersonal violence was mainly responsible for those occurring in patients aged 15 to 50 years. Interpersonal violence mostly involved young male adults: fights occurring mainly between strangers who had consumed excessive amounts of alcohol. Women were usually assaulted by assailants known to them, their partners. Pedestrians showed a propensity to sustain cranial fractures, whereas motor vehicle occupants tended to sustain midfacial fractures and bicyclists mandibular fractures. Pedestrians incurred the severest injuries of all road users, and a significant proportion of road user collisions involved bicyclists. Sports were responsible for a significant proportion of craniofacial injuries in youths and young adults. Craniofacial soft-tissue injuries overall occurred most frequently on the forehead, nose, lips, and chin, and a method for their classification is proposed. The commonest craniofacial fracture was that of the nasal bones (45%), followed by cranial bones (24%), mandible (13%), zygoma (13%), orbital blow-out (3%), and maxilla (2%). The incidence of craniofacial trauma can be greatly reduced by improvements in interior home design, school education in alcohol abuse and handling potentially hostile situations (especially for men), improvement in automotive safety devices and compliance by motor vehicle occupants, and utilization of full-face helmets by bicyclists and motorcyclists.
Accidental Falls↗
Penetration of the skull base by dissecting keratocyst.
The extensive destructive potential of the keratocyst has been well recognized but penetration of the keratocyst into the skull base is rare. 3 cases showing such aggressive behavior and rare location were seen and treated; 2 are reported in this paper. Both cases illustrate the importance of early radical treatment once the aggressive nature of keratocyst is recognized.
Female↗
Hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations: classification and methods of treatment.
A total of 207 patients with hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations were treated by the same surgeon from 1980 to 1990. Thirty-seven patients with true hemangiomas underwent surgical treatment. Only those hemangiomas which caused functional or developmental disturbances or those with complications were treated; many more were allowed to regress spontaneously. Sixty-five patients with low-flow and 16 with high-flow vascular malformations were treated by using a variety of surgical approaches. In low-flow lesions, sclerosant therapy can be extremely effective, either alone, in small lesions, or combined with surgical resection or embolization, in larger lesions. Preoperative embolization and surgical excision are the treatment of choice in high-flow malformations. Twenty-seven patients with lymphovenous malformations had only surgical excision with a high success rate. Sixty-two patients with acquired "senile hemangiomas" underwent a single local excision with excellent results. When indicated, angiography has been of great value as a diagnostic procedure to provide information about the vascular dynamics and the extent of these lesions, although magnetic resonance imaging is now being used more frequently for this purpose. Selective angiography also was used as a therapeutic modality when embolization was part of the treatment protocol. A new classification based on clinical, histologic, and vascular flow characteristics of these lesions has been used to simplify the present nomenclature and to help in selection of the most appropriate treatment. It has the added value of being in the language of the radiologist, who should be a member of the vascular anomalies team.
Adult↗
The effects of N-glycosylation on the lectin activity of recombinant ricin B chain.
Soluble, biologically-active recombinant ricin B chain has been produced by expressing B chain-encoding DNA in heterologous eukaryotic or prokaryotic hosts. N-Glycosylated recombinant ricin B chain expressed in Xenopus oocytes bound to both immobilized asialofetuin and immobilized lactose. Non-glycosylated ricin B chain expressed in either E. coli or in tunicamycin-treated oocytes did not bind to immobilized lactose. However, it did bind to asialofetuin, and increasing concentrations of free lactose did not reduce this asialofetuin binding dramatically, in contrast to the effect of free lactose on the binding of either glycosylated recombinant B chain or native ricin B chain.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cytotoxicity of a recombinant ricin-A-chain fusion protein containing a proteolytically-cleavable spacer sequence.
Chimeric proteins composed of ricin toxin A chain (RTA) and staphylococcal protein A (PA) have been produced in E. coli. Constructs consisting of N-terminal RTA and C-terminal PA (RTA-PA) or N-terminal PA and C-terminal (PA-RTA) were capable of binding to immunoglobulin G (via PA) and of specifically depurinating 28 S ribosomal RNA (via RTA). However, neither fusion protein was cytotoxic to antigen-bearing target cells in the presence of an appropriate monoclonal antibody presumably because the RTA could not be released from the PA within the cytosol where the ribosomal substrate of RTA is located. The overcome this, a short amino acid sequence from diphtheria toxin was engineered between the RTA and PA to produce a disulfide-linked loop containing a trypsin sensitive cleavage site. Cleavage of this fusion protein with trypsin converted the RTA-DT-PA to the two chain form consisting of RTA linked by a disulfide bond to PA. The cleaved fusion protein was highly toxic to Daudi cells coated with anti-immunoglobulin antibody suggesting that the RTA could be released from the PA by reduction within the cytosol.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Craniofacial and oral manifestations of fetal alcohol syndrome.
Six representative patients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were studied for craniofacial and oral anomalies, dental development, and long-term bodily growth patterns. The craniofacial features observed were reduction of total head size, increased head-body ratio, the existence of upper and middle craniofacial asymmetry and telecanthus in some instances, and the features of a long face syndrome with a large gonial angle. Dental development was mildly to moderately delayed, and enamel anomalies were present. Analysis of growth patterns demonstrated compensatory growth in stature, weight, or head circumference and a delayed bone age in some instances. It is suggested that the semiquantitative score system for fetal alcohol syndrome study may fail to diagnose individual cases and that craniofacial features are more important in diagnosis than seems to have been appreciated in the past.
Adolescent↗
Expression of ricin B chain in Escherichia coli.
DNA encoding ricin B chain was fused to that encoding the E. coli OmpA signal peptide using the expression secretion vector pIN-111-ompA. When induced, E. coli cells transformed with the recombinant plasmid express ricin B chain. The recombinant product accumulates in the periplasmic space in a soluble, biologically active form.
Escherichia coli↗
Effect of adrenalectomy on diazinon-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism.
Treatment with diazinon resulted in hyperglycaemia and depletion of glycogen from cerebral and peripheral tissues 2 h after its administration in rats; the changes were maximal after 40 mg/kg diazinon, administered intraperitoneally. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase were significantly increased in brain and liver, while that of glucose-6-phosphatase was not altered. The activities of the glycolytic enzymes hexokinase and lactate dehydrogenase were increased only in brain. The cholinesterase activity of the brain was reduced by treatment with diazinon. The activities of hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes (fructose 1,6 diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) were also significantly increased in diazinon-treated animals. The level of lactate was increased in brain and blood while that of pyruvate was not changed. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was not significantly changed. Cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents of adrenals were depleted in diazinon-treated animals. Adrenalectomy abolished the hyperglycaemia and changes in carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting the possible involvement of adrenals in the induced changes in diazinon-treated animals.
Adrenalectomy↗
ParD: a new gene coding for a protein required for chromosome partitioning and septum localization in Escherichia coli.
A new gene, parD, has been located at 88.5 min on the genetic map of E. coli. Cells carrying an amber mutation in this gene, together with a temperature-sensitive suppressor tRNA, are able to grow, synthesize DNA and divide at both 30 degrees C and 42 degrees C. At 42 degrees C, however, they are defective both in the separation of replicated chromosomes and in the placement of septa. Both the amount of DNA and the number of septa per cell mass are normal in cells growing at 42 degrees C: only the localization of the chromosomes and septa are altered. As a result, cells of random sizes are produced at 42 degrees C and the smallest of these contain no DNA.
Bacterial Proteins↗
The parD- mutant of Escherichia coli also carries a gyrAam mutation. The complete sequence of gyrA.
The phenotype of a recently-described mutant (OV6), conditionally defective in chromosome partitioning and septal positioning, was originally thought to be due to a new gene (parD) mapping at 88.4 min. We have now shown that, in addition to the parD mutation, OV6 carries a gyrAam mutation and that this mutation is probably responsible for the gross phenotype of the mutant. We have cloned the gyrA gene, identified the GyrA protein, sequenced the gyrA gene and flanking genes, cloned and sequenced the gyrAam mutation, and identified its truncated product. In addition, we have identified the transcriptional start point of the gyrA gene. The E. coli GyrA protein has extensive homologies with Gyrase proteins of other organisms and weak sequence homologies with some eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Striatal neurochemical changes and motor dysfunction in mipafox-treated animals.
5 mg/kg mipafox [N,N'-bis(1-methylethyl)phosphordiamidic fluoride] was administered s.c. daily for 60 days in rats. The animals developed motor dysfunction-muscle twitchings, fasciculations and slight ataxia towards the end of the experimental period; the motor dysfunction was accompanied by neurochemical changes in the corpus striatum which included significantly reduced levels of cholinesterase, neurotoxicesterase, dopamine and GABA. The neurochemical imbalance in the corpus striatum may be related to motor dysfunction in mipafox-treated animals.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
Prevalence of Trypanosoma theileri in cows and fetuses at slaughter.
Blood from 171 pregnant and 65 nonpregnant cows was taken at slaughter for culture and examined during the culturing period for Trypanosoma theileri once a week for 5 weeks. Of the 171 fetuses from the pregnant cows, 119 (69.6%) were greater than or equal to 4 months gestation; blood samples from these fetuses were also taken for culture. Of 236 cows (81 of 171 [47.4%] pregnant and 20 of 65 [30.8%] nonpregnant cows), 101 (42.8%) were culture positive. More of the pregnant than nonpregnant cows were culture positive (P less than 0.05). More beef cows (48.0%) than dairy cows (34.1%) were culture positive (P less than 0.025). Two of the 119 (1.7%) fetus samples were found culture positive. The percentages of positive cultures from Brucella-reactor cows, 18 of 40 (45.0%), and from non-Brucella-reactor cows, 83 of 196 (42.3%), were similar. However, both of the culture-positive fetuses were from Brucella-reactor cows.
Animals↗
The effect of certain drugs on glycogen and acetylcholine levels in cerebral and peripheral tissues in rats with malathion induced hyperglycaemia.
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Acetylcholine↗
Hemolytic streptococci and streptococcal antibodies in normal schoolchildren in Kuwait.
A total of 1041 asymptomatic "normal" schoolchildren in Kuwait, aged 6-16 years, were investigated over six months from November 1978 through April 1979 for hemolytic streptococcal throat carriage and for streptococcal immune response. A high carrier rate of beta-hemolytic streptococci (47%) with an unusually high prevalence of group C (32%) was found. Group A was isolated in 10%, group B in 2%, and group G in 3% of the children. Comparison of the prevalence of the different serogroups of beta-hemolytic streptococci in our study with that of similar studies reported from temperate, subtropical, and tropical zones showed a high prevalence of groups C and G and a lower prevalence of group A in subtropical and tropical countries in contrast to a high prevalence of group A and lower prevalence of groups C and G in countries with temperate climate. The geometric mean titer of antistreptolysin O in group A carriers in our study was 270 Todd units and significantly higher than that in group C carriers (p less than 0.001), while the geometric mean titer of antihyaluronidase in group A carriers was 240 units and significantly higher than that in groups B, C, and G carriers (p less than 0.0005). The high magnitude of the streptococcal immune response probably reflects a high frequency of streptococcal infections in schoolchildren in Kuwait and possibly indicates a high attack rate of rheumatic fever in the country.
Adolescent↗