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Biomedical subjects

K Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to K Hunter.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Stress identification for social workers in health care: a preventive approach to burn-out.

The primary goal of this paper is to present a paradigm for identifying specific stresses related to providing social services in health care settings that can then be the basis of a stress management program. The authors review the occupational stress literature, with special emphasis on two frameworks: James House' conceptual paradigm of the interactive perspective of stress and John Adams' typologies for the assessment of stress. The social work literature is also reviewed for the possible stressors specific to the social work profession. A new framework is presented and discussed that is ecological in nature and provides a basis for future social work stress research in health care.

Hospitals↗
PubMed1980

Symptoms of depression and recent life events in the community elderly.

Studied 188 elderly living in the community in terms of the relationship of recent life events to symptoms of depression. Three discriminators of depression were found among 12 events that occurred in the past year. Ss with greater depressive symptomatology had been involved in more arguments, experienced more deaths of relatives and friends, and among the white elderly, reported more accidents among relatives and friends. This group also reported experiencing a higher magnitude of stress. The relevance of these findings for clinical diagnosis and treatment planning is explored.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

New patients versus revolving door patients.

The therapeutic expectation regarding the outcome of drug abusers entering a program for the first time as opposed to patients who have made previous rehabilitation attempts is controversial. Do new patients respond more positively to a therapeutic community than patients with previous treatment experience and is there an interaction between previous treatment/no treatment and heroin/non-heroin drug use? Data were collected from 89 male drug abusers as they entered treatment and also at discharge. Patients entering treatment for the first time were found to be more socially adjusted, but no differences were found between the two groups on attitudes, mood, or symptoms. Non-heroin patients with previous treatment scored significantly lower on the cheerfulness factor of the mood scale. At discharge, no differences were found between previously treated patients and new patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Dietary patterns and cancer of the digestive tract in older patients.

This study involved 97 male veterans (age range, 45-65) in four approximately equal groups, classified as follows: 1) colon or rectal cancer, 2) upper digestive-tract cancers, 3) other cancers, and 4) additional controls (no cancer). Dietary histories of these cancer and noncancer inpatients were recorded to see whether or not consumption of particular substances could be predictive of cancer. The interactions of substances in combination such as sugar x fat, and alcohol x smoking, proved to be important predictors of cancer of the upper digestive tract. The degree of coffee consumption was a predictor of nondigestive-tract cancer. However, colorectal cancer patients could not be distinguished from non-cancer patients by the dietary variables examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Minority women's attitudes about aging.

Many factors combine to make middle age a critical period with respect to views about aging. To examine the effects of culture, background, and familial characteristics on attitudes toward old age, 304 middle-aged women from Black, Cuban, American Indian, Chicano, and white cultures were studied. A stepwise multiple regression analysis examined the contribution of each variable in the prediction of attitudes toward old age. Attitude toward death, attitude toward family, and church affiliation were found to be important predictors of attitude toward old age. Thus, clinicians dealing with middle-aged women having negative attitudes or fears about aging and old age in general may need to examine family dynamics as well as views about death and dying for possible problems. Where religion is already an integral part of a client's life, perhaps clinicians could use this orientation for added support.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Living arrangements and well being in elderly women.

Psychosocial and health data were obtained from 50 black and 47 white females age 65 and over. The women were divided according to whether they lived alone, with spouse only, or with persons other than (or in addition to) the spouse. Those living alone were found to have lower life satisfaction, lower self-esteem, and higher social dysfunction than those living with spouse or others. No differences were found with respect to depression, somatization, diet, or activity level. There was a significant interaction effect between race and living arrangement with respect to anxiety, with blacks being less anxious than whites when living with others, and more anxious when living alone or with only a spouse.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1979

Perception of age in the elderly.

One hundred-fifty persons age 65 and over who identified themselves as feeling younger, or as old or older than their age, were studied in terms of seven dependent variables describing psychological functioning. Younger age perceptions were associated with better psychological functioning in Blacks and whites as well as in males and females. This was true even when social class, disability, and impairment were controlled. The variable which discriminated best between perceived age groups was locus of control, with more internality being associated with younger age perceptions.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

8-Mercaptoguanosine-mediated enhancement of in vivo IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens in normal and xid mice.

We have examined the effects of the immune adjuvant 8-mercaptoguanosine (8sGuo) on the in vivo antibody response to the T-cell-independent type 2 antigen, TNP-Ficoll. While 8sGuo enhanced the IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 antibody responses, it was without effect on the IgM antibody responses. Increasing the dose of injected 8sGuo from 30 to 300 mg or the frequency or its injection led to greater enhancement in the antibody response, which varied from 20 to 100 times that of control responses. The effect of 8sGuo was relatively early acting in that it no longer enhanced anti-TNP antibody responses when given 3 days after antigen injection. Its ability to mediate an adjuvant effect on antibody responses was demonstrable even under conditions where the injected antigen by itself stimulated either no or low-level antibody responses. Thus, it enhanced the antibody response to the very weak antigen, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and restored the antibody response of nonresponder immune defective xid mice to TNP-Ficoll. These results extend the earlier observations of Goodman and coworkers by demonstrating that in vivo IgG response to type 2 polysaccharide antigens can be enhanced in normal mice and restored in xid immune-deficient mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antineoplastic effects of gallium nitrate on human medulloblastoma in vivo.

Gallium nitrate possesses antineoplastic activity against certain solid tumors and has been demonstrated to be an effective agent in reducing cell proliferation and DNA synthesis in the medulloblastoma Daoy cell line in vitro. In prior studies, gallium inhibited the cellular uptake of 59Fe by brain tumor cells; however, this block in 59Fe uptake was variable and closely paralleled the inhibitory effects of gallium on cell growth. In vivo trials now have been conducted and have yielded some promising results. Nude mice received intradermal injections of medulloblastoma Daoy and then allowed to grow tumors. When the mice had developed at least one tumor between 9 to 10 mm in diameter, a 10-day course of intraperitoneal gallium nitrate injections was initiated. Gallium nitrate treatment reduced overall tumor growth rate and reduced actual tumor size. Nephrotoxicity was severe, but may be preventable by continuous gallium infusion and use of diuretics and hyperhydration.

Animals↗