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Biomedical subjects

K Hruby

Publications and source records attributed to K Hruby.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Veratrum album poisoning (author's transl)].

Ingestion of plant material rarely gives rise to manifest clinical intoxication. This is due to the relatively low toxicity of most of the poisonous plants of Central Europe. Veratrum album is an important exception on account of its highly toxic alkaloids. Seven cases of overt intoxication from veratrum album have been reported to the Austrian Poison Information Centre during the past 5 years. On the basis of these case reports toxicological and clinical aspects of this rare form of poisoning are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, and peripheral retinal degeneration in the aetiology of idiopathic retinal detachment. A synapsis of clinical observations and anatomical studies (author's transl)].

The crucial aetiological factors of idiopathic retinal detachment are posterior vitreous detachment with collapse, and degenerative lesions in the fundus periphery. Posterior vitreous detachment does not imply diagnostic problems to the expert in this field. On the other hand, the peripheral retinal degenerations include wide range of lesions the clinical and pathoanatomical study of which has so far not resulted in a complete picture. The author of the present paper attempts to get closer to a clearly arranged classification and terminology of those peripheral retinal degenerations, which are of importance to the aetiology, prophylaxis and treatment of idiopathic retinal detachment.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Electrolyte content of antibiotics].

The sodium and potassium content of frequently used antibiotics was calculated. Whenever high dose intravenous chemotherapy is used the amounts of sodium or potassium must be taken in consideration in the electrolyte balance. Special attention must be given to patients on restricted sodium diet. In these cases, the additional sodium resulting from intravenous chemotherapy may exceed the daily administered amount of sodium. The summary of electrolyte content of antibiotics may be useful in balancing electrolytes during infusion therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Accidental ingestion of corrosives by children (author's transl)].

Data of the Poison Information Center in Vienna and analysis of the literature indicate: 1) Accidental ingestion of corrosives by children occurs frequently, but rarely causes dangerous complications or sequelae (edema of the larynx, perforation and stricture formation in the esophagus or stomach). This is in contrast to attempted suicides by adults. 2) The first and most important step after the accident is the intake of copious amounts of water. The dangers of neutralizing acid or lye are discussed. 3) Only symptoms and signs, not kind or pH of the caustic agent afford a reliable guide for deciding whether or not the child needs further observation and treatment. This paper deals with first aid measures only, not with further treatment (e.g. shock treatment, prophylaxis of stricture formation etc.).

Burns, Chemical↗
PubMed1980

[Artificial corneal implants (keratoprostheses) (author's transl)].

The history of keratoprosthetics and the pioneer work of Cardona et al. is described and the technical improvements in this method over the past two decades are reviewed. In addition, the results achieved in 17 personal cases are recorded. Visual acuity was definitely improved in 7 cases, transient improvement was obtained in 5 cases, 3 patients retained poor vision, and 2 cases showed deterioration. Implantation of artificial keratoprostheses is still at a pioneer stage and further progress can be expected in this field.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of acetyl-salicylic-acid pretreatment on re-formed aqueous humor. A study of intracapsular lens extraction in the human eye.

Aqueous humor (a.h.) was sampled in 67 patients operated on for cataract by intracapsular lens extraction at the start and finish of surgery. Twenty eight of these patients received pretreatment with acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA), to a total of 2.5 g, beginning 18 hours prior to surgery. A serum sample was drawn immediately following the operation from 55 patients. Using radial immunodiffusion, albumin and IgG were measured in primary and secondary a.h. and in serum. The group pretreated with ASA showed a significantly smaller relative increase of IgG (P < 0.05). The increase of the proteins, however, showed no dependence on their serum-level and the only side-effect of the treatment was an unexplained rise in serum-albumin. The possible clinical application of patients with a high risk of postoperative complications is briefly summarized.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1980

[Liindner's method of cylinder retinoscopy without theory].

Brief description of Lindner's cylinder retinoscopy for practical application: The main criteria of this accurate method for checking refraction are the direction, shape, speed and brightness of the retinoscopic phenomena moving in the pupil of the examined eye. To determine astigmatism the use of plus cylinders is recommended. Difficulties may be due to the optical aberration at the periphery of a wide pupil, to a scissors phenomenon, and to optical irregularities of the senile lens, corneal opacities etc. In many cases retinoscopy can be performed well without using mydriatics and cycloplegics, respectively. Children must not be overstrained. Generally, final subjective checking is crucial for the prescription of corrective glasses. Mastery of Lindner's cylinder retinoscopy enables the eye specialist to keep refractometry with simple aids, as an essential part of the ophthalmological diagnosis, in his own hands, against the increasing claim of optometrists and opticians.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Postgraduate training in ophthalmology (author's transl)].

Legal stipulations covering postgraduate training in medical specialties are expected to be introduced in the near future. A committee set up by the Austrian Ophthalmological Society is working on a postgraduate training scheme, including clinical training and recommended literature, with the aim of achieving the greatest possible degree of coordination with ophthalmological societies in other German-speaking countries. Surgical training in ophthalmology, and the need to update recommended literature constantly, require special consideration. However, the standard of postgraduate medical training will not depend solely on the provision of a satisfactory legal framework; in ophthalmology it will depend to a large extent on the example set by teachers and their assistants, as well as on the individual efforts of the trainers themselves. A final examination should be introduced, in spite of the objections still being raised in Austria.

Austria↗
PubMed1979

[Amanita phalloides poisoning in Austria (author's transl)].

An analysis of 28 cases of amanita phalloides poisoning serves as basis for a discussion of the clinical features and therapeutic problems involved. A critical review of recent experimental investigations in animals points to new possibilities in the treatment of amanita phalloides poisoning.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Hemolysis after combined azathioprine and allopurinol therapy].

In a 37 year old renal transplant woman haemolytic anaemia was observed in the course of a combined azathioprine-allopurinol therapy. Azathioprine is converted to 6-mercaptopurine, which then catalyzed by xanthine oxidase is oxidized to 6-thiouric acid. When allopurinol and azathioprine are administered simultaneously, high 6-mercaptopurine concentrations in plasma may be expected because of inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity by allopurinol. We assume that elevated plasma 6-mercaptopurine concentration could possibly be responsible for haemolytic anaemia in this renal transplant patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Forced diuresis].

Forced diuresis (FD) is a frequently used method for eliminating toxins. Its therapeutic effect has yet to be evaluated by a controlled clinical trial. In the absence of such a trial its usefulness can be judged only indirectly from urinary excretion rates. In former times the usual clinical laboratory procedures could not differentiate between the unchanged toxin and its metabolites. Using more selective methods, the discussions of the effect of FD in eliminating various drugs were renewed. The problem for the indication of FD is not only a missing knowledge about the kind and amount of the ingested drug, but also when knowing it, the missing evaluation of the effect of FD on its excretion. In such cases the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug can be helpful. If paying enough attention to the contraindications, to the principles of electrolyte and water balance, the complication rate is low. Many infusion regimes are proposed for this treatment, but only a standardized procedure can increase the safety and efficiency of this method. More complicated and more expensive methods should be used, when there is an intoxication with a substance of high mortality or when there is no effect of FD on eliminating the toxin.

Biotransformation↗