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Biomedical subjects

K Honda

Publications and source records attributed to K Honda.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Sex identification by analysis of DNA extracted from hard tissues].

Sex identification of unidentified two bleached skeletons by the method of DNA analysis in addition to the morphological examination was performed. Bones and teeth were taken out for the DNA analysis, and cracked to compounds by liquid nitrogen. DNA was extracted by the standard procedure. We used two methods for sex identification by DNA analysis; one is Southern blot hybridization with Y-chromosome specific probe (PHY10; 3.4kb), and the other is PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplifying with sex chromosome specific fragments (alphoid satellite family). These two methods enable us to identify the sex of the two cases presented here more correctly with sufficient evidence than depending only on morphological examination. With some technical difficulties, it is possible to put DNA analysis including Southern blot hybridization or PCR into practical determination of sexing of hard tissues such as a piece of bone or a tooth, and old samples. Therefore, they seem to be effective methods applicable to forensic science.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Hemangioma of the hypopharynx; a case report and value of MRI].

A case of 23-year-old female with histologically verified hemangioma of the hypopharynx was reported. MRI revealed slight hyper-intense mass on T1-weighted image while it was very high-signal intensity on T2-weighted image. The dynamic MRI showed peak contrast at 80 seconds after administration of Gd-DTPA. In the present paper the value of MRI for diagnosing hemangioma of the hypopharynx is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Can radiologic features of community-acquired pneumonia presume etiologic agents?].

During a one-year and nine months (from June 1987 to February 1989) survey of community-acquired pneumonia, we investigated in 130 patients if radiologic features presume etiologic agents. Incidences of etiologic agents are 21 (16%) pneumococcus, 18 (14%) mycoplasma, 14 (11%) tuberculosis, 12 (9%) hemophilus, and 54 (42%) unknown agents, respectively. In correlates of radiologic features and etiologic agents, alveolar shadows spreading bilateral lungs presume tuberculosis and pneumococcal pneumonia. Lobar distributing alveolar shadows presume pneumococcal, mycoplasmal tuberculous diseases and other agents, equally. Segmentally distributing shadows presume pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumonia. Radiologic subgrouping features of alveolar shadows composed of acinar, lobular, and lobar shadows did not presume specific agents. Centrilobular (peribronchiolar) shadows suspect hemophilus infections. Pleural fluid accumulations suspect tuberculosis and anaerobic infections and cavitary shadows, tuberculosis, respectively. Radiologic features can presume etiologic agents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Co-circulating sleep substances interactingly modulate sleep and wakefulness in rats.

Putative sleep substances were infused either singly or in combination into the third ventricle of freely behaving male rats for 10 h nocturnal period. The nocturnal amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS), and the number and duration of their episodes were compared to those of the previous night under saline infusion. The single administration revealed that each substance elicited partially differential and partially common sleep-modulatory activity. SWS was enhanced by the d-type of di-1-methylheptyl-2,5-dioxocyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylate (d-DOC, 2.3 nmol), delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP 2.5 nmol), deoxyuridine (0.1 nmol), muramyl dipeptide (MDP, 2.0 nmol), and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2, 0.36 nmol). Cytidine (10 pmol) increased the number of SWS episodes and reduced their duration, whereas deoxyguanosine (10 pmol) prolonged the duration. Deoxycytidine (10 pmol) and the 1-type of DOC (0.25 nmol) enhanced PS. Uridine (10 pmol) enhanced both SWS and PS. The simultaneous or sequential administration of DSIP, MDP and uridine resulted in a combination-dependent or sequence-dependent change in sleep-waking dynamics, which was quite different from the time-course sleep-modulation induced by the single administration of each substance. The results suggest that co-circulating sleep substances might interact at least in part, either synergistically or antagonistically, on the sleep-regulatory mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The studies on clinical efficacy of Tomiron in the surgical patients: skin and soft tissue infection].

We studied the clinical efficacy and prophylactic effect of Tomiron (cefteram pivoxil; CFTM-PI), a new oral cephalosporin, in the surgical patients. CFTM-PI was administered at a daily dose of 300 or 600 mg after meals. Infectious diseases in 151 patients consisted of infected atheroma, wound infection, subcutaneous abscess, furuncle, phlegmon, mastitis, lymphangitis, periproctal abscess and biliary tract infection. Fifty patients were administered CFTM-PI to prevent secondary wound infection. The clinical efficacy rate was 75.5% in the treatment of infection and 86.0% in the prophylactic use. The clinical efficacy for skin and soft tissue infection was regarded as excellent in 25, good in 74, fair in 17 and poor in 8 out of 124 cases, with a clinical efficacy rate of 79.8%. The eradication rate in 40 cases of monomicro-bial infection was 97.4%, and in 12 cases of polymicrobial infection it was 72.7%. For biliary tract infection, the clinical efficacy was excellent in 1, good in 5, fair in 1 and poor in 1, with a clinical efficacy rate of 75.0%. Adverse effects were observed in 4 (2.0%) of 201 cases: allergic reaction in 3, and sleepiness in 1. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 cases, but it is not clear if these were due to this drug. These results indicate that Tomiron is a useful oral antimicrobial agent in the treatment and prophylaxis of surgical infection, mainly skin and soft tissue infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Common antigenicity of mouse 42 degrees C-specific heat-shock protein with mouse HSP 105.

Mammalian cells incubated at 42 degrees C synthesize a specific heat-shock protein at 42 degrees C (42 degrees C-hsp) that is not induced by heat-shock at 45 degrees C or by other stresses that induce major heat shock proteins (Hatayama et al. (1986) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 137, 957-963). Antibody raised against a heat-shock protein with molecular weight of 105,000 (hsp 105) purified from mouse FM 3A cells cross-reacted to the 42 degrees C-hsp of the same cells. The antibody reacted only weakly to hsp 105 and 42 degrees C-hsp of human HeLa cells. These results suggested that hsp 105 and 42 degrees C-hsp have the same antigenic determinant, and that 42 degrees C-hsp may have a structure similar to that of hsp 105.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Awaking effect of prostaglandin E2 in freely moving rats.

The awaking effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 was further examined in a long-term bioassay system. PGE2 in saline solution was infused between 11.00 and 17.00 h at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 pmol/min (infusion volume 10 microliters/h) into the third cerebral ventricle of freely moving rats. These rats were otherwise infused with saline continuously and exhibited a circadian cycle, spending 70% of the daytime and 37% of the night in sleep. In the rats that received PGE2 infusion at 1, 10, and 100 pmol/min, slow wave sleep (SWS) decreased to 84%, 69% and 71% and paradoxical sleep (PS) to 85%, 37% and 40% of the paired controls. Thus, the effect of PGE2 was not specific to either SWS or PS. No effects were observed in the rats that received PGE2 at 0.1 pmol/min. After PGE2 infusion at 10 and 100 pmol/min, marked rebounds of both SWS and PS occurred during the night. SWS reduction by PGE2 was due to the shortened duration of SWS episodes, while SWS increase in the rebound phase was due to the increased number of episodes. PS reduction was due to both the shortened duration and decreased number of PS episodes and PS rebound was due to both the prolonged duration and increased number of episodes. The circadian sleep-wake cycle returned to the baseline on the first or second recovery day after PGE2 infusion. Sleep reduction by PGE2 was accompanied by elevation of the brain temperature and rebound increase of sleep occurred with the fall of the brain temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bradykinin (BK) enhances diuresis and natriuresis in saline volume-expanded dogs.

15 micrograms bradykinin was given with large amount of physiological saline solution intravenously to dogs. Significantly greater diuresis and natriuresis were obtained compared with those of simple saline volume expansion experiments. Bradykinin in small doses which were selected as giving no influence on blood pressure enhanced additively diuresis and natriuresis, similarly with subpressor doses of A II, AVP, and MX in saline volume expanded dogs. Since all four agents are having cellular Ca-mobilizing action in common, it is suggested that phosphoinositide system may be involved in this enhancement of renal sodium and water excretion.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1989

The role of the anteroventral 3rd ventricle area in the osmotic control of paraventricular neurosecretory cells.

To obtain electrophysiological evidence of an involvement of the anteroventral 3rd ventricle (AV3V) area in the osmotic control of neurohypophysial hormone release, extracellular action potentials of paraventricular (PVN) oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic cells during osmotic stimulation induced by i.p. injection of 1.5 M-NaCl solution were obtained from urethane anesthetized AV3V-lesioned, intact and sham-lesioned lactating rats. In intact and sham-lesioned rats the electrical activities of both oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic cells increased in response to the i.p. injection of hypertonic saline. After electrolytic lesion of the AV3V, the responsiveness of both types of cells to osmotic stimuli was severely impaired, whereas oxytocinergic cells were still capable of responding to suckling stimuli by displaying high frequency discharges of action potentials preceding milk-ejection. These results provide electrophysiological evidence that destruction of the AV3V area selectively impairs osmoregulatory input to PVN neurones and that the area has osmosensitive elements which activate the PVN neurosecretory cells when plasma osmotic pressure rises.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

A case of aortic intimal sarcoma manifested with acutely occurring hypertension and aortic occlusion.

Primary tumor of the aorta is extremely rare. An instance of aortic intimal sarcoma, namely fibromyxosarcoma, which extended from the beginning of the descending aorta to 7 cm above the abdominal bifurcation, with clinical evidence of acutely occurring hypertension, arterial embolism of the lower extremities, renal infarction, and aortic occlusion in a 50-year-old male is reported. The tumor was limited to the intima and composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells with abundant myxoid extracellular matrices. The tumor cells were negative for Factor VIII, Desmin, or Myoglobin, but were positive for Vimentin or Factor XIIIa in immunoperoxidase studies. An electron microscopic examination revealed a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm. Parenchymal metastases were observed in both the lungs and thoracic vertebrae. A review of literature on the clinical and pathological aspects of the tumor was made.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1989

Evidence that brain prostaglandin E2 is involved in physiological sleep-wake regulation in rats.

We reported in previous studies that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has central effects of augmenting wakefulness and suppressing slow-wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) in rats. In the present study, we tested the effect of AH 6809, an antagonist of PGE2 receptors, on sleep-wake activities. AH 6809 in saline was infused continuously into the third ventricle of freely moving rats at a rate of 2.1, 6.3, and 21 pmol/min from 2300 to 0500 hr. During the infusion at 21 pmol/min, wakefulness decreased to 82%, and SWS and PS increased to 122% and 161%, of the respective baseline values. These changes can be explained by AH 6809 antagonizing the endogenous PGE2 that acts to augment wakefulness in the brain. This explanation is supported by the fact that the infusion of AH 6809 at 21 pmol/min inhibited the wakefulness-promoting effect of PGE2 infused at 10 pmol/min. Moreover, the PGE2-related mechanisms for regulating sleep-wake activities may be different from those producing hyperthermia, because AH 6809 at 21 pmol/min had no primary effect on brain temperature and did not antagonize the hyperthermia produced by the PGE2 infusion. A diurnal infusion (1200 to 1800 hr) of AH 6809 at 21 pmol/min produced similar effects on sleep-wake activities compared with the nocturnal infusion (2300 to 0500 hr), although the PS increase was not significant, suggesting that the PGE2-related mechanisms are acting all day long with or without a circadian rhythm. These findings strongly suggest that endogenous PGE2 in the brain is involved in the physiological mechanisms for regulating sleep-wake activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Problems associated with the EEA stapling technique for esophagojejunostomy after total gastrectomy.

Since November 1980, the EEA stapling device has been used to create an end-to-side esophagojejunostomy in 238 patients who underwent total gastrectomy. Failures in the stapling technique were divided into two groups: immediate and delayed. Immediate failures were observed and corrected at the time of surgery. In ten cases, the muscular layer of the esophagus was disrupted, and in three the mucosal layer of the jejunum was disrupted. There were 18 delayed complications: eight cases of anastomotic leakage (3.4%), and ten of stenosis (4.2%). The leakage in one case was classified as major, and those in the other seven as minor. Of the ten stenosis cases, there were five of membranous stricture, four of granular stricture, and one of narrowing after major leakage healing. Only this last case required further surgical treatment. The other nine were successfully dilated either endoscopically or by bougienage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The role of interconnection between supraoptic nucleus and anterior third ventricular region in osmoregulation in the rat.

1. To determine the importance of the region of the hypothalamus anterior and ventral to the third ventricle (AV3V) in the osmotic regulation of neurohypophysial hormone release, extracellular recordings were made in the urethane-anaesthetized rat from neurones in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and in the AV3V using a ventral surgical approach. 2. In the first series of experiments, recordings were made from SON cells (n = 41) which could be antidromically activated from the neural stalk in control rats and rats 2 weeks after electrolytic destruction of the AV3V (n = 74). Destruction of AV3V significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the responsiveness of SON cells to an osmotic challenge (1 ml of 1.5 M-NaCl I.P.). 3. In the second series of experiments recordings were made in the AV3V region while stimulus pulses were applied to the region of the SON. The cells recorded could be divided into five groups; those which were inhibited (presumably synaptically; OD-; n = 97), those which were excited (also presumably synaptically; OD+; n = 73), those which could be antidromically activated (AD; n = 50), those which showed a complex cycle of excitation and inhibition after the stimulus (n = 40) and those which did not respond to the stimulus (n = 47). 4. The characteristic response of OD- cells to an osmotic challenge was inhibition (six out of ten cells) and that of OD+ cells was excitation (thirteen out of seventeen cells). No AD cells showed excitation following I.P. NaCl injection (nine out of nine). 5. Our experiments provide clear evidence that the AV3V region is important for the normal responsiveness of the cells of the SON to raised plasma osmolality and for an interaction between the SON and the AV3V region. 6. Our results also suggest, contrary to our expectation, that the SON exerts both excitatory and inhibitory influences on the AV3V. Since the cells which project from the AV3V to the SON region are not osmoresponsive, the importance of the direct projection from the AV3V to SON may be to maintain the responsiveness of SON neurones rather than to provide osmotic drive.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The significance of antithyroglobulin and antithyroidal microsomal antibodies in patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease treated with antithyroidal drugs.

The presence of serum antithyroglobulin (TGHA) and antithyroidal microsomal (MCHA) antibodies in Graves' disease patients is associated with lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of TGHA and MCHA during and after treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. One hundred and seventeen such patients were treated for 2 yr with methimazole and then followed for an additional year or more (mean, 30 months). The patients were classified into the following three groups: group I, patients negative for TGHA and MCHA before and during the 2 yr of treatment; group II, patients positive for MCHA but negative for TGHA before and during the 2 yr of treatment; and group III, patients who were positive for both TGHA and MCHA before and during treatment. The relapse rates after discontinuation of treatment in these groups were 39% (13 of 33), 27% (13 of 48), and 11% (4 of 36), respectively; the value in group I was significantly higher than that in group III (P less than 0.01). The results suggest that the presence of TGHA and MCHA may influence the prognosis of Graves' disease in patients treated with methimazole. Those patients who had neither antibody before and during treatment were most likely to have a relapse of hyperthyroidism, and those who had both antibodies were least likely to have a relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Hashimoto's thyroiditis and HLA in Japanese.

To investigate genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT; goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis), HLA class I and class II antigens were analyzed in both seropositive HT (99 patients) and seronegative HT (43 patients). The frequency of HLA-DRw53 antigen was increased significantly in both seropositive HT (antigen frequency, 0.83; relative risk, 33.3; P less than 0.0002; corrected P less than 0.001) and seronegative HT (antigen frequency, 0.81; relative risk, 3.02; P less than 0.01; corrected P less than 0.05). The etiological fraction values for HLA-DRw53 in seropositive HT and seronegative HT were 0.58 and 0.54, respectively. An increased frequency of HLA-DQw4 and a decreased frequency of HLA-DQw1 were observed in patients with seronegative HT. These data suggest that susceptibility to HT is primarily associated with HLA-DRw53 and that HLA-DQ alleles may control the production of autoantibodies to the thyroid gland. The mode of inheritance of disease susceptibility for HT (controlled by a major gene in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DRw53) was investigated by the method of Thomson and Bodmer, and it was suggested that disease susceptibility was inherited in a dominant manner.

Female↗