Biomedical subjects

K Honda

Publications and source records attributed to K Honda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Molecular cloning of two new heat shock genes related to the hsp70 genes in Staphylococcus aureus.

We have identified two new heat shock protein genes, orf37 and orf35, in Staphylococcus aureus, located upstream and downstream of grpE(hsp20), dnaK(hsp70), and dnaJ(hsp40) homologous genes in the order orf37-hsp20-hsp70-hsp40-orf35. The transcripts of both orf37 and orf35 were increased by thermal upshift of the culture from 37 to 46 degrees C. The heat shock promoters were located upstream of orf37 and upstream of hsp40. The deduced peptide of orf37 showed similarity with those of orfA in Clostridium acetobutylicum and orf39 in Bacillus subtilis. orf35 was unique in S. aureus and has not yet been described in other bacteria.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1994

Role of vagal afferents in hypotension induced by venous air embolism.

To evaluate the role of the autonomic nervous system in the development of hypotension during air embolism, we studied the effects of an intravenous bolus injection of air (0.5 ml/kg) on mean blood pressure (MBP), central venous pressure (CVP), and renal nerve activity (RNA) in urethan-anesthetized rabbits of three groups: animals with an intact neuraxis (intact group; n = 5), cervical-vagotomized animals (vagotomy group; n = 5), and sinoaortic-denervated animals (SAD group; n = 5). In the intact group, despite a significant decrease in MBP at 10 s after air injection, RNA did not increase from the preinjection level. This response of RNA was associated with a significant increase in CVP and lasted for 20 s after the injection. Vagotomized animals, however, exhibited a significant augmentation in RNA in response to a drop in MBP at 10 s after the injection. In the SAD group, profound declines in both MBP and RNA were observed at 10 s after the injection of air. Animals in these two groups showed remarkable increases in CVP. At 5 min after the air administration, MBP in the vagotomy group was significantly higher than that in the intact group. All animals in the SAD group died within 5 min of the injection. These results indicate that during hypotension induced by air injection, sympathetic activation through arterial baroreceptors may be depressed by vagal afferents emanating from cardiopulmonary receptors; the results also suggest that the arterial baroreceptor nerves may be required to overcome the lethal events that should occur during venous air embolism.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Role of endogenous vasopressin in development of gastric ulcer induced by restraint and water immersion.

To elucidate the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer, the mucosal lesions after restraint and water immersion were examined in Brattleboro strain rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI) and in Long-Evans rats (LE) used as controls. Restrained animals were immersed in water for 2 h, and the size of lesion was expressed as percentage of the lesion area to the total glandular mucosal area, which were defined as ulcer index (UI). In DI rats, UI was significantly higher than in control LE rats, despite the attenuated responses of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to stress. Although subcutaneous injection of selective antidiuretic analogue 1-desamino-8-D-AVP did not affect UI, intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of AVP reduced UI in DI rats, and icv administration of V1 antagonist [d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)]AVP elevated UI in LE rats. These results indicate that endogenous AVP plays a role in preventing the formation of gastric ulcers induced by stress via a central V1 receptor. Furthermore, we suggest that elevation of ACTH in plasma is not essential in the development of stress-induced gastric ulcer in rats.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1994

From EMG to formant patterns of vowels: the implication of vowel spaces.

With a few exceptions, EMG data are interpreted with reference to the intended output, such as the phonetic description of utterances spoken by speakers. For a more rigorous interpretation, the data should also be analysed in terms of the displacement of the articulators and the acoustic patterns. In this paper, we describe our attempts to calculate the formant patterns from EMG activity patterns via an articulatory model. The value of the model parameters, such as the tongue body position or tongue body shape, is derived from the EMG activities of the specific pairs of antagonistic tongue muscles. The model-calculated F1-F2 patterns for 11 American English vowels correspond rather well with those measured from the acoustic signals. What strikes us is the simplicity of the mappings from the muscle activities to vocal-tract configurations and to the formant patterns. We speculate that the brain optimally exploits the morphology of the vocal tract and the kinematic functions of the tongue muscles so that the mappings from the muscle activities (production) to the acoustic patterns (perception) are simple and robust.

Electromyography↗

PubMed1994

Purines. LXII. Both enantiomers of N6-(1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl)adenine and their 9-beta-D-ribofuranosides: synthesis and cytokinin activity.

Both enantiomers [(1'R)-6 and (1'S)-6] of N6-(1,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl)adenine and their 9-beta-D-ribofuranosides [(1"R)-16 and (1"S)-16] have been synthesized for the first time from both enantiomers of alanine (15) in nine steps. These aglycones and nucleosides, together with N6-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)adenine (5) and its 9-beta-D-ribofuranoside (18) as well as 9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-cis-zeatin (20) and 9-(2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-cis-zeatin (19), were tested for cytokinin activity in the tobacco callus bioassay. The order of their activity was 5 > (1'R)-6 > (1"R)-16 approximately 18 > (1'S)-6 > (1"S)-16 > 20 > 19. The bioassay results are compared with those obtained previously for the derivatives modified analogously in the N6-substituent in the cis- and trans-zeatin series.

Adenine↗

PubMed1994

[Serotonin (5-HT)3 receptors: antagonists and their pharmacological profiles].

The pharmacology of 5-HT and the classification of 5-HT receptors have become increasingly complex. However, recent advances have produced a new nomenclature system for 5-HT receptors. 5-HT3 receptors are neuronal receptors coupled directly to cation channels. Recently, many selective 5-HT3-receptor antagonists including tropisetron, zacopride, ondansetron, granisetron, zatosetron, nazasetron, YM060 and YM114 (KAE-393) have been developed. Many actions attributable to the 5-HT3-receptor have been described in both the peripheral and central nervous systems, and clinical trials are already showing the potential use of these 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in a number of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, such as nausea and vomiting induced by cancer chemotherapy, anxiety, depression, schizophrenia and migraine. In addition, endogenous 5-HT is suggested to be one of the substances that mediate stress-induced responses in gastrointestinal function, i.e., increase in fecal pellet output and diarrhea. Moreover, YM060, YM114 (KAE-393) and granisetron have been reported to inhibit restraint stress- and 5-HT-induced increases in fecal pellet output and diarrhea in rats and mice, indicating that endogenous 5-HT may mediate stress-induced changes in bowel function through the 5-HT3 receptor. Therefore, 5-HT3-receptor antagonists are new therapeutic drugs for stress-induced gastrointestinal dysfunctions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Serotonin (5-HT)3-receptor antagonism of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivatives against 5-HT-induced bradycardia in anesthetized rats.

We investigated the mode of the 5-HT3-receptor antagonism of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivatives, YM060, YM114 (KAE-393), YM-26103-2 and YM-26308-2, against 5-HT-induced transient bradycardia in anesthetized rats. Results were compared with those of ondansetron and granisetron. YM060 (0.03-0.1 microgram/kg, i.v.), YM114 (0.03-0.3 microgram/kg, i.v.), YM-26103-2 (0.01-0.03 microgram/kg, i.v.), YM-26308-2 (0.01-0.03 microgram/kg, i.v.) and granisetron (0.3-3 micrograms/kg, i.v.) displaced the 5-HT dose-response curve to the right, with apparent DR2 values of 0.068, 0.068, 0.019, 0.011 and 0.69 microgram/kg, i.v., respectively. Higher doses of these compounds inhibited 5-HT-induced bradycardia with a reduced maximal response. In contrast, ondansetron displaced the 5-HT dose-response curve to the right without affecting the maximal response. Judged by the apparent DR2 values, YM060, YM114, YM-26103-2 and YM-26308-2 were approximately 13, 13, 50 and 79 times more potent than ondansetron, respectively, whereas granisetron was equipotent to ondansetron. Single i.v. doses of YM060 and granisetron inhibited 5-HT-induced bradycardia significantly longer than ondansetron. Moreover, inhibitory effects of p.o. doses of YM060 (3 micrograms/kg), YM114 (80 micrograms/kg), YM-26103-2 (12 micrograms/kg), YM-26308-2 (5 micrograms/kg) and granisetron (250 micrograms/kg) on the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex lasted for 3-6 hr, whereas ondansetron (700 micrograms/kg, p.o.) antagonized 5-HT3 receptors for only 1 hr. In isolated guinea pig colon, the inhibitory effect of YM-compounds on 5-HT-induced contraction persisted significantly longer than those of ondansetron and granisetron after washout of the bath containing compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1994

The mechanism of muscarinic agonist-stimulated inositol phosphate formation in permeabilized ileal smooth muscle.

Muscarinic agonists and guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) stimulated formation of inositol phosphates in permeabilized longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum. Gpp(NH)p markedly potentiated the formation of inositol bisphosphate (IP2) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) stimulated by carbachol, but increased inositol monophosphate formation (IP1) only slightly. Gpp(NH)p enhanced the formation of IP2 + IP3 induced by either acetylcholine or carbachol about fourfold in a synergistic manner, but enhanced the effects of oxotremorine and pilocarpine less than twofold in an additive manner. Elevation of Ca2+ concentration resulted in increases of the inositol phosphate levels stimulated by both carbachol and Gpp(NH)p. The optimal concentration of Ca2+ for carbachol-stimulated formations of IP2 + IP3 was shifted to a lower Ca2+ concentration in the presence of Gpp(NH)p. These findings suggest that muscarinic receptor-stimulated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in ileal smooth muscle results in inositol polyphosphate formation via GTP binding protein (G-protein). The muscarinic receptor-activated G-protein decreases the Ca2+ requirement of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Muscarinic agonists stimulate inositol polyphosphate formation by interaction of the G-protein activation of a phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C with Ca2+ influx.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1994

Effects of phenobarbital on drug metabolizing enzyme activities and other biochemical parameters in rats with DL-ethionine-induced liver injury.

Phenobarbital (PB) was orally administered once at a dose of 100 mg/kg to the liver injury model rats treated with DL-ethionine (ET), and the effects of PB on the liver drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) were chiefly examined. Liver weight, liver microsomal protein content, liver aniline 4-hydroxylase (ANH) activity, and aminopyrine N-dimethylase (AMD) activity were markedly increased in the ET-treated rats receiving PB. These findings suggested the induction of DME in the liver. However, the induction pattern of each enzyme was different. AMD activity at 48 hr after dosing of PB in the ET-treated rats was increased in the same degree as that in the control (normal). Whereas, ANH activity at 48 hr after dosing in the ET-treated rats was higher than that in normal rats. Liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity at 48 hr after dosing in the ET-treated rats was markedly increased, but such induction was not seen in normal rats. These findings indicates that DME in the liver is induced by PB treatment in the ET-treated rats as well as in normal rats, and that the ET-treated rats have a function of physiological adaptation similar to that in normal rats. The induction pattern of liver or serum enzymes in the ET-treated rats receiving PB was different from that in normal rats. Furthermore, the induction pattern of these enzymes in the ET-treated rats receiving PB was different from that in the normal rats, which may be attributed to the difference of localization in liver cells of these enzymes affected by PB.

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗

PubMed1994

[Long-term pain control in terminal care with home hospice care].

Ideal pain control in terminal care at home is the usage of oral or rectal administration of analgesics. If these methods of administration cannot manage pain sufficiently, muscular or intravenous injection of analgesics will be necessary. This is the report of a 66-years-old female who had bone metastasis of uterine cervical carcinoma and gait disorder, and had received chemotherapy along with radiotherapy. At her third admission to our hospital, the total radiation done nearly reached the maximum level. We, therefore, administered morphine sulfate (MS contin) for pain control but it induced strong side effects. Therapy was then changed to continuous infusion of morphine hydrochloride using a Baxter infusor. As a result, pain relief was achieved without inducing side effects, and the patient was able to return to care at home. At that time, the patient's remaining life was expected to return to be about 6 months. However, in fact, she was able to survive for 823 days since then, and 637 days (77.4%) of that time was spent at home. This is considered as terminal care performed mainly at home, with subsidiary care at the hospital. The most important factor which contributed to the success of this care was the pain control by an epidural block infusor. In order to realize worth-while care for patients, it is important to offer various treatment programs which can satisfy the needs of patients and their family, and pain control will be one of the most important factors for cancer patients who wish to spend their limited time with their family.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Sex identification of old skeletal remains by DNA analysis: the report of three cases.

We analyzed the DNA in the remains of three skeletons affected by severe post-mortem modification to identify the sex of the cases. We analyzed DNA extracted from bone, bone marrow and a tooth by Southern blot hybridization with Y chromosome specific probe and PCR to amplify the sex chromosome specific sequence. The first case had been preserved underground in a deep grave for two months, the second case was found in a forest after more than five years, and the last case had been kept in a styrofoam box for few years. The detective sensitivity of Southern hybridization improved to nearly the same level as PCR with the aid of computed image processing. Although PCR was of obvious benefit when analyzing small amounts of biological evidence, amplification was impossible in case the target sequence became lost or changed. As a result, we identify the sexes of the three cases by Southern blot hybridization or PCR using bone, bone marrow and tooth DNA. The old skeletal remains were suitable for sex identification in spite of severe post-mortem change, due to preservation in a condition protected from external influences.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[A case of Fusobacterium necroforum sepsis].

A 26-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 10-day history of sore throat, high fever, and right knee joint pain. On physical examination, the pharynx was considerably inflamed, and the right knee joint was swollen and extremely tender. Chest radiography showed multiple, bilateral nodules and masses with pleural effusions. Fusobacterium necorforum grew from samples of blood, pleural effusion, and pus taken from the knee joint. The patient was treated with intravenous clindamycin, ventilatory support, and continuous chest and knee joint drainage. His condition progressively improved and he was discharged on the 66th hospital day. A disease caused by an oropharyngeal infection with secondary suppurative thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, and complicated by multiple metastatic infections is called postanginal septicemia, or Lemierre syndrome. Before the discovery of antibiotics, this disease usually was fatal. The widespread use of antibiotics for treat oropharyngeal infections may have caused a number of reported cases. Lemierre syndrome is an uncommon complication of oropharyngeal infection, and it may be fatal if diagnosis is delayed. Careful attention must be directed to patients with oropharyngeal infection who have signs and symptoms that suggest metastatic infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

An autopsy case of licorice-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis associated with acute renal failure: special reference to profound calcium deposition in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

A 78-year-old man was hospitalized because of muscular weakness and acute renal failure. He had been taking glycyrrhizin (280 mg/day) for the last 7 years. Hypertension was noted in his history. Serum potassium was 1.9 mEq/l with metabolic alkalosis. There was hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Serum enzymes, including GOT, LDH and CPK were markedly elevated. In addition, serum myoglobin was as high as 46 micrograms/ml with massive myoglobinuria. Oliguria occurred and blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine rapidly elevated from 20.9 to 87 mg/dl and from 1.3 to 6.7 mg/dl, respectively. Profound calcium deposition was found in the damaged skeletal muscles, including the quadriceps femoris, axillar, neck, and cardiac muscles. These results indicate that licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism produces hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis, resulting in acute renal failure and profound deposition of calcium into the damaged skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1994

A case of primary glomerular fibrosis associated with the accumulation of type I and type III collagen.

A 49-year-old woman suffering from nephrotic syndrome (NS) was admitted for renal biopsy and treatment of NS. Light microscopy demonstrated that the glomerular capillary wall was markedly thickened with diffuse accumulation of periodic acid Schiff- and periodic acid methenamine-positive materials, leading to lobular accentuation of glomerular tufts. By electron microscopy, numerous collagenous fibers were observed in the mesangium and subenodothelial area. The fibers were peculiarly curved and frayed, as reported in nail-patella syndrome. These materials were thought to be type I and type III collagen as a result of immunohistochemical studies. No laboratory data or pathological findings were found to be compatible with previously described glomerulonephritis. The primary glomerular fibrosis in the present patient seemed to be a case of collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy.

Collagen↗

PubMed1994

Optimal positioning for an adult athetoid cerebral palsy patient in a wheelchair.

The purpose of this case study was specifically to reinforce the necessity for proper positioning in a wheelchair for an adult athetoid cerebral palsy patient. A 36-year old female with cerebral palsy sat in the wheelchair with pelvic sliding, uneven weight distribution on the hips, hip adduction, and right lateral trunk tilt and rotation. The abnormal posture observed was first corrected by seating the patient well back in the wheelchair with the patient's weight evenly distributed between both hips. A seat belt, abduction pommel, trunk belt, seat cushion, and foot pad were inserted to help the patient maintain the corrected posture. Points to consider when ordering a wheelchair and adaptive equipment are reviewed. The optimal sitting position and positioning objectives and considerations, as well as the selection process are also presented. Participation of the patient and the caregivers in the selection and decision-making processes helps lead to successful results. A thorough assessment of the patient's prognosis and environment is important to prevent harmful, expensive, and disappointing results. On-going reviews of the patient and use of the equipment are helpful in preventing deformities and other problems. As we already know, increasing the patient's function and ability to move around and explore the environment can affect his/her attitude toward daily living as well as quality of life.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Nested amplification of COL2A1 3' variable region in skeletal remains.

We identified skeletal remains of a highly decomposed body by amplifying the COL2A1 3' variable region. We extracted degraded and contaminated DNA from teeth and bone fragments and amplified the hyper variable regions of COL2A1 by nested PCR. This method is 2,000 times more sensitive than the 27 cycle standard PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of the amplification was extremely improved using nested primer pairs. Using 47 cycles of total amplification by nested PCR, we were able to effectively amplify the target fragment. A total 47 cycles of dual PCR using one pair of primers was not as sensitive as nested PCR, which enabled us to amplify and detect the fragment from 5 pg of template DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining. We found that the hypersensitive nested PCR was suitable for the forensic identification of old, unidentifiable skeletal remains.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1994

[Effects of fentanyl on renal sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate and systemic blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits--an evaluation in both rabbits and human].

This study was designed to evaluate effects of fentanyl (F) on heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressure (SBP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA) in urethane- or halothane-anesthetized rabbits. Twenty three urethane-anesthetized rabbits were divided into the following four groups: animals with neuraxis intact (Intact group, N = 8), cervical vagotomized animals (Vagotomy group, N = 5), animals treated with sino-aortic denervation (SAD group, N = 5), and those with sino-aortic denervation with vagotomy (SADV group, N = 5). In the intact group, administration of F (20 micrograms.kg-1, i.v.) caused a significant decrease in HR, but not in SBP, even in the presence of increase in RNA. In the Vagotomy group, no significant alterations in HR and SBP occurred despite activation of RNA. In the SAD group, F caused a significant decrease in HR and an increase in both SBP and RNA. In the SADV group, a decrease in HR disappeared but a significant increase in both SBP and RNA developed. In halothane-anesthetized rabbits having intact baroreceptors (N = 5), similar hemodynamic and sympathetic responses to F were observed. In human (N = 5), F (6 micrograms.kg-1, i.v.) caused a decrease in HR but the effect was not significant on SBP. Thus similar hemodynamic changes occurred in both human and in the animals. These results suggest that F may cause a simultaneous activation of vagal nerve and sympathetic nervous system, which might contribute to the hemodynamic stability when F is administered in human.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Mitral valve replacement and closure of atrial septal defect in the case associated with Marfan syndrome].

This is a case report of 8-years-old boy, who was diagnosed mitral regurgitation, secundum type of atrial septal defect and annulo-aortic ectasia in association with Marfan syndrome. His diagnosis was confirmed at the age of 6 years when cardiac catheterization was carried out. Atrial septal defect was closed using PTFE patch (0.2 mm in thickness). His diseased mitral valve was replaced with CarboMedics prosthesis 27 mm in diameter. Because of intact aortic valvular function, we left the ectatic aorta alone at present time for future procedure. His postoperative course was uneventful. He is active and doing well at present and has been followed-up at the outpatient clinic routinely. He might be having to require AVR and graft implantation for ectatic ascending aorta.

Child↗