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Biomedical subjects

K Honda

Publications and source records attributed to K Honda.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Influence of music on heart rate variability and comfort--a consideration through comparison of music and noise.

By considering three kinds of music and noise, this research investigates the influence of music on the living body by comparing the difference of influence on heart rate variability and comfort when subjects listen to music and are exposed to noise. We used two pieces of classical music, rock music, and noise recorded by a tape recorder. The following conclusions were made from the findings of the research: 1) Hearing classical music results in a small variance of Mayer Wave related Sinus Arrhythmia (MWSA) component and Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) component compared with a body being at rest. This is because the sympathetic nerve is suppressed by the sound of classical music. With rock music and noise, however, the MWSA component increases and the RSA component decreases. 2) From a psychological evaluation, we found that classical music tends to cause comfort and rock music and noise tend to cause discomfort. 3) A correlation was found between the balance of the MWSA component and the RSA component and the psychological evaluation. As the comfort increases, the variance of MWSA decreases; as discomfort increases, the variance of MWSA increases.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Correlation between 13C-urea breath test and gastric histological findings in Helicobacter pylori positive patients].

13C-urea breath test (UBT), available for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) in the stomach, measures the 13CO in the breath in which 13C urea is resolved in the stomach by urease derived from HP. Accordingly UBT is useful for a test of HP infection. This study is aimed at clarifying the relationship between the UBT and gastric histological findings. For this study we selected 63 patients with HP infection who showed both positive UBT and positive histological diagnosis. Briefly in the UBT procedure, the patients were given 13C-urea (100 mg dissolved 100 ml water) in a fasting state and kept in the left decubitus position for 5 minutes, and then the patients were asked to expire into testing bags before and 20 minutes after administration of the urea. Biopsy specimens were taken endscopically from the gastric antrum and the body. The specimens of all patients showed positive CLO test. HP organisms, inflammation, activity, and atrophy of the gastric specimens, were expressed in score from 0 to 3 according to the Update Sydney system. The UBT values were high correlated with the increase of HP organisms. The UBT was 11.8, 26.3, and 37/1000 in the groups with the scores of 0.1, and 2 in the number of HP organisms from the gastric body, respectively. The UBT was 19.2, 22.2, 36.1, 26.7/1000 in the groups with scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 for the specimens from the antrum, respectively. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the UBT values and HP organisms. As a result, the UBT correlated with the activity score. Grade of gastric mucosal atrophy was expressed histologically in scores of 0,1,2, and 3. The UBT was 29.4, 19.1, 17.5, and 9.3/1000 in the groups with scores 0,1,2, and 3 in the grades of gastric atrophy from the gastric body, respectively. There was a negative correlation between the UBT values and the grade of gastric atrophy. We conclude that the UBT values which indicate the number of HP organisms can be used not only for diagnosis of HP infection but also the quantitative index of HP load.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Endoscopic findings of esophagitis in concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for lung cancer].

We performed esophageal endoscopy with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy for lung cancer in 19 patients. Endoscopical examination proved that seven patients (36.8%) had esophageal erosion or coating (grade 2), four patients (21.1%) had ulcer or bleeding (grade 3) confined to the radiation field, and only one patient (5.3%) had severe symptoms (WHO grade 3). There was a discrepancy between patients' symptoms and endoscopical findings. Endoscopically proven esophagitis, that is, erosion or coating (grade 2), and ulcer or bleeding (grade 3), was more frequent in the daily low-dose chemotherapy group (5/5) than in the full dose chemotherapy group (5/14) (p < 0.05). One patient with grade 3 endoscopial damage showed less recovery in spite of three months medication. In concurrent radiochemotherapy in which the radiation field includes the esophagus, careful attention should be given to radiation esophagitis, which may be underestimated when assessed on the basis of subjective symptoms alone. Therefore, endoscopy is recommended even if patients have few complaints, and once the esophageal ulcer is proven (grade 3), it should be closely followed up using endoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Prospective matched control study concerning the treatment and quality of life of hemophiliacs with inhibitors].

Factor VIII (IX) inhibitors represent one of the most serious problems for the treatment of patients with hemophilia. The Blood Products Research Organization (Japan) has supported a study group for treatment of hemophiliacs with inhibitors. In 1995 the study group started a prospective matched control study of hemophiliacs with and without inhibitors and compared such factors as quality of life and economic cost. Each inhibitor patient was matched with a control patient in terms of age, type of hemophilia, and severity of hemophilia. A total of 136 patient-pairs were enrolled. Bleeding episodes were more frequent in the control group than in the inhibitor group. Days of hospitalization, days in wheelchairs, and the number of impaired joints were significantly higher for the inhibitor group. Number of blood-product infusions, days of bed rest at home, and days of brace use were the same for both groups. Blood-product expenditures were significantly higher for the inhibitor group than for the control group (yen 10,872,283/patient/year vs. yen 4,327,542/patient/year). Our study highlighted the higher cost of treatment and lower quality of life for hemophiliaes with Factor VII inhibitors.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of a hypervariable segment in the human dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene between the Japanese and Mongolian populations.

Amplifiable length polymorphism (AmpFLP) genotyping and direct sequencing of a hypervariable segment in the human dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene were performed from genomic DNA of 100 unrelated Japanese and Mongolian individuals. The 4-repeat allele (314 bp) was the most prevalent and appeared at 0.88 and 0.82 in the Japanese and Mongolian populations, respectively. Homogeneity test of distribution showed no significant deviation from the observed frequencies of genotypes between the Japanese and Mongolian populations, but sequence analysis of the 4-repeat allele indicated that there could be ethnic differences between the two populations at the nucleotide level. The DRD4 allele and genotype frequencies in 10 patients with Parkinson's disease did not differ from those in the control Japanese population. In one Parkinsonian patient, however, a nucleotide change in one of the 4-repeat alleles was discovered. These results suggest that there could be ethnic and/or individual differences in the specific nucleotide changes within the repeat sequence because some alleles with the same number of repeat units had sequence variations. Thus, the DRD4 polymorphism exists at two levels and therefore could be a useful marker for forensic identification and anthropological studies.

Alleles↗
PubMed1998

[Relationship between glomerular epithelial cell injury and proteinuria in IgA nephropathy].

The present study was designed to elucidate whether glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury is associated with the mechanism of proteinuria in biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Twenty-four IgAN patients were divided into 4 groups based on their grade of proteinuria. Light microscopic examination revealed that GEC injury appeared prior to glomerular lesions such as sclerosis, crescent and adhesion. Reduced glomerular expression of C3b receptor (CR1), an indicator of GEC injury, was detected initially at the portion of damaged GEC and around the lesions of sclerosis, crescent and adhesion. CR1 expression eventually disappeared in the group IV patients who had nephrotic range proteinuria. Moreover, the grade of proteinuria in IgAN patients was associated with GEC injury and reduced glomerular expression of CR1. Taken together, GEC injury might be an important pathological finding which appears initially in the glomeruli, suggesting that GEC injury is a predictor of proteinuria in IgAN patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

In vitro pharmacologic profile of YM158, a new dual antagonist for LTD4 and TXA2 receptors.

YM158 (3-[(4-tert-butylthiazol-2-yl)methoxy]-5'-[3-(4-chlorobenzenesu lfonyl ) propyl]-2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzanilide monosodium salt monohydrate) antagonizes leukotriene (LT) D4 and thromboxane (TX) A2 receptors. Functional assays in vitro showed that YM158 exhibits competitive dual antagonism of LTD4 and TXA2 receptor-mediated contraction of isolated guinea pig tracheae, with pA2 values of about 8.87 and 8.81, respectively. Its antagonistic activity for the LTD4 receptor was approximately 6.5 times less potent than that of montelukast, and that for the TXA2 receptor was 2.5 times more potent than that of seratrodast. YM158 also inhibited PGD2- and PGF2alpha-induced tracheal contractions. YM158 showed no antagonism against LTC4-, histamine- or carbachol-induced contractions of guinea pig tracheae. Furthermore, YM158 antagonized the stable TXA2 analog U46619-induced aggregation of both guinea pig and human platelets and inhibited the LTD4-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. From these results, YM158 appears to be a novel, selective dual antagonist for both LTD4 and TXA2 receptors.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1998

Effects of plasmapheresis in a rabbit model of cancer cachexia.

We developed a model of cancer cachexia by transplanting VX2 tumors into rabbits and investigated the effects of plasmapheresis in this model. AIS activity was identified in supernatants obtained from VX2 tumor by phenyl Sepharose chromatography. Fractions eluted with 0.5 M NaCl showed the ability to damage the red blood cell membrane and suppress immunity. Rabbits exhibited marked weight loss, anemia and immunodeficiency 40 days after transplantation of VX2 tumors. Plasmapheresis inhibited plasma-induced damage of the red blood cell membrane and suppression of immunity. Twice-weekly plasmapheresis resulted in gradual normalization of cellular immunity. Weight loss and survival were also improved. No side effects were observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[A case of neutropenic enterocolitis in high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for relapsed testicular tumor].

High dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is safe and useful for the treatment of refractory or relapsed testicular tumors, but is sometimes accompanied by serious complications. We report a case of relapsed testicular tumor complicated by neutropenic enterocolitis during high dose chemotherapy with PBSCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A consideration in the care of elderly patients receiving home hospice care: administration of parenteral nutrition at home].

Due to the recent increase in the elderly population in Japan, the number of elderly patients with gastric cancer has also increased. As a result, not only the need for care of these patients has increased but also the care system has become diverse. In our hospital, more than 30% of patients who received home hospice care were over 70 years old and home hospice care of elderly patients with terminal cancer has become an important activity of our hospital. Whether home parenteral nutrition (HPN) procedures should be administered in the home for these patients is controversial. Our hospital has decided to inform patients with malignant disease of their true diagnosis under the doctrine of informed consent. In 1997, 94.1% of patients above 70 years, of age were informed of the actual nature of their disease. As a result, they were allowed to make a choice regarding home hospice care. An 81-year-old patient with terminal gastric cancer chose home hospice care and successfully managed the treatment procedures, including the use of a pump for intravenous alimentation. Through this case, we report here an ideal model of home hospice care of elderly patients under the concept of informed consent.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Central administration of vitamin B12 aggravates cataplexy in canine narcolepsy.

Experimental evidence in canine narcolepsy suggests that central cholinergic systems are critically involved in the regulation of cataplexy, an abnormal manifestation of REM sleep atonia. In the current study, we found that intracerebroventricular perfusion of methyl-B12, (10(-5)-10(-2) M), significantly aggravated cataplexy and enhanced REM sleep in narcoleptic dogs. Choline, a direct precursor of acetylcholine, was also found to aggravate cataplexy, while cyano-B12, a vitamin B12 analog without methyl donating abilities, had no effect on cataplexy. Since both methyl-B12 and choline are reported to enhance acetylcholine synthesis, enhancement of the biosynthesis of acetylcholine may be involved in the effects observed in canine narcolepsy. Our results suggest that central administration of methyl-B12 has the potential to modulate both normal and pathological REM sleep.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Effect of interhemispheric sections of the hypothalamus on milk-ejection bursts of supraoptic oxytocin neurones during bilateral and unilateral suckling in the rat.

The burst activity of oxytocin neurones was recorded from the supraoptic nucleus of lactating rats with or without interhemispheric sectioning of the hypothalamus during bilateral or unilateral suckling. The results showed that extensive interhemispheric sectioning did not abolish the burst of oxytocin neurones during bilateral and contralateral suckling (100% of 25 neurones and 95% of 20 neurones, respectively), but significantly reduced the number of oxytocin neurones that showed the burst during ipsilateral suckling (5.3% of 19 neurones). To orientate the crossing site of the signals for bilateral synchronization of the bursts of oxytocin neurones, interhemispheric sectioning of the rostral or caudal hypothalamus was attempted, but either sectioning partially blocked the occurrence of the bursts during ipsilateral suckling. These results suggest that there are two separate gates located on different sides of the hypothalamus and that the neural connections between the gates seem distributed diffusely.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Renal effect of YM435, a new dopamine D1 receptor agonist, in anesthetized dogs.

The renal effects of YM435 ((-)-(S)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,8-dihydroxy -1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride hydrate), a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusion of YM435 (0.1-3 micrograms/kg per min) increased renal blood flow and decreased mean blood pressure in a dose-dependent manner with little effect on heart rate. Glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and urinary sodium excretion were concomitantly increased. The renal effect of YM435 by intravenous infusion at 0.3 microgram/kg per min was completely blocked by treatment with the selective dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazep ine hydrochloride). Furthermore, intravenous infusion of YM435 (0.3 microgram/kg per min) reversed the angiotensin II-induced decreases in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow and urinary sodium excretion, and prevented the decrease in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine flow induced by renal nerve stimulation and platelet-activating factor (PAF). These results suggest that intravenous administration of YM435 produces renal vasodilating and diuretic/natriuretic effects by stimulation of dopamine D1 receptors, and demonstrate that YM435 can inhibit angiotensin II-, renal nerve stimulation- and PAF-induced renal dysfunction.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of Y-chromosomal STRs: a multicenter study.

A multicenter study has been carried out to characterize 13 polymorphic short tandem repeat (STR) systems located on the male specific part of the human Y chromosome (DYS19, DYS288, DYS385, DYS388, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, YCAI, YCAII, YCAIII, DXYS156Y). Amplification parameters and electrophoresis protocols including multiplex approaches were compiled. The typing of non-recombining Y loci with uniparental inheritance requires special attention to population substructuring due to prevalent male lineages. To assess the extent of these subheterogeneities up to 3825 unrelated males were typed in up to 48 population samples for the respective loci. A consistent repeat based nomenclature for most of the loci has been introduced. Moreover we have estimated the average mutation rate for DYS19 in 626 confirmed fatherson pairs as 3.2 x 10(-3) (95% confidence interval limits of 0.00041-0.00677), a value which can also be expected for other Y-STR loci with similar repeat structure. Recommendations are given for the forensic application of a basic set of 7 STRs (DYS19, DYS3891, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393) for standard Y-haplotyping in forensic and paternity casework. We recommend further the inclusion of the highly polymorphic bilocal Y-STRs DYS385, YCAII, YCAIII for a nearly complete individualisation of almost any given unrelated male individual. Together, these results suggest that Y-STR loci are useful markers to identify males and male lineages in forensic practice.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed1997

Chromosome Y microsatellites: population genetic and evolutionary aspects.

By means of a multicenter study, a large number of males have been characterized for Y-chromosome specific short tandem repeats (STRs) or microsatellites. A complete summary of the allele frequency distributions for these Y-STRs is presented in the Appendix. This manuscript describes in more detail some of the population genetic and evolutionary aspects for a restricted set of seven chromosome Y STRs in a selected number of population samples. For all the chromosome Y STRs markedly different region-specific allele frequency distributions were observed, also when closely related populations were compared. Haplotype analyses using AMOVA showed that when four different European male groups (Germans, Dutch, Swiss, Italians) were compared, less than 10% of the total genetic variability was due to differences between these populations. Nevertheless, these pairwise comparisons revealed significant differences between most population pairs. Assuming a step-wise mutation model and a mutation frequency of 0.21%, it was estimated that chromosome Y STR-based evolutionary lines of descent can be reliably inferred over a time-span of only 1950 generations (or about 49,000 years). This reduces the reliability of the inference of population affinities to a historical, rather than evolutionary time scale. This is best illustrated by the construction of a human evolutionary tree based on chromosome Y STRs in which most of the branches connect in a markedly different way compared with trees based on classical protein polymorphisms and/or mtDNA sequence variation. Thus, the chromosome Y STRs seem to be very useful in comparing closely related populations which cannot probably be separated by e.g. autosomal STRs. However, in order to be used in an evolutionary context they need to be combined with more stable Y-polymorphisms e.g. base-substitutions.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1997

Clinical assessment of the significance of platelet-derived growth factor in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy.

To examine the role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN), we investigated the expression of PDGF and the PDGF receptor in glomeruli with immunohistochemistry, the plasma levels of PDGF with ELISA, and the expression of PDGF in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also assessed the effect of corticosteroid therapy on the plasma levels of the PDGF B-chain. At the time of kidney biopsy, the expression of the PDGF B-chain and the PDGF beta receptor in the glomeruli was upregulated in patients with IgAN. In addition, the plasma concentration of the PDGF B-chain was significantly higher in patients with IgAN than in normal subjects. Moreover, mRNA expression of PDGF beta-chain in PBMCs was up-regulated in patients with IgAN when compared with other patients with glomerulonephritis. We divided the patients into two groups according to the grade of urinary protein excretion (U[p]) after corticosteroid therapy. In patients in group 1 in whom U(p) was decreased by more than 50% or 1 gm/day after corticosteroid therapy, the expression of the PDGF B-chain and the PDGF beta receptor in the glomeruli was up-regulated. Finally, corticosteroid therapy decreased the plasma levels of PDGF B-chain in patients in group 1. Up-regulation of the PDGF B-chain and beta receptor in the glomeruli, elevated plasma levels of PDGF B-chain, and increased expression of PDGF mRNA in PBMCs could be associated with the pathogenesis of IgAN. The plasma concentration of PDGF B-chain may be a useful marker for patients with IgAN who would be responsive to corticosteroid therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Elevation of the plasma level of RANTES during asthma attacks.

BACKGROUND: RANTES is considered to play an important role in various immune and allergic disorders since it is a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, memory T cells, and monocytes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of RANTES in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS: The plasma level of RANTES was measured in 12 asthma patients and 15 normal controls by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In the patients with asthma, the plasma RANTES level was significantly elevated during acute attacks compared to that in the controls. In addition, it was higher than that during the asymptomatic state in the same patients. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels were also elevated in asthma patients during acute attacks and showed a correlation with the RANTES level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a role for RANTES in the pathogenesis of asthma and a possible role for platelets in RANTES release in asthma.

Adult↗