Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Hioki

Publications and source records attributed to K Hioki.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Transgenic mice carrying the human poliovirus receptor: new animal models for study of poliovirus neurovirulence.

Recombinant viruses between the virulent Mahoney and attenuated Sabin 1 strains of poliovirus type 1 were subjected to neurovirulence tests using a transgenic (Tg) mouse line, ICR-PVRTg1, that carried the human poliovirus receptor gene. The Tg mice were inoculated intracerebrally with these recombinant viruses and observed for clinical signs, histopathological lesions, and viral antigens as parameters of neurovirulence of the viruses. These parameters observed in the Tg mice were different for different inoculated viruses. Dose-dependent incidences of paralysis and of death were observed in the Tg mice inoculated with any viruses used. This indicates that values of 50% lethal dose are useful to score a wide range of neurovirulence of poliovirus. The neurovirulence of individual viruses estimated by the Tg mouse model had a strong correlation with those estimated by monkey model. Consequently, the mouse tests identified the neurovirulence determinants on the genome of poliovirus that had been identified by monkey tests. In addition, the mouse tests revealed new neurovirulence determinants, that is, different nucleotides between the two strains at positions 189 and 21 and/or 935 in the 5'-proximal 1,122 nucleotides. The Tg mice used in this study may be suitable for replacing monkeys for investigating poliovirus neurovirulence.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Transfusion with xenogeneic erythrocytes into SCID mice and their clearance from the circulation.

We have previously demonstrated that the red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood circulation of SCID mice could be almost completely substituted with bovine RBCs by means of repeated transfusions. In the present study, transfusion experiments were carried out with RBCs from various animal species to investigate the ability of SCID mice to accept xenogeneic RBCs. Bovine (Bo), equine (Eq), human (Hu) and murine (Mu) RBCs were labeled with a fluorescent dye to trace their trafficking in the blood stream. Following the intravenous injection these RBCs were cleared from the circulation at various rates; the 1/100 reduction time in the labeled cell counts was 2 to 7 days, 4 to 7 hr and 1 to 2 hr with Bo-, Hu- and Eq-RBCs, respectively. In contrast, labeled Mu-RBCs from not only syngeneic but also allogeneic mouse strain were able to stay over 50 days. The difference in clearance rates was attributable to the difference in uptake of the RBCs by the splenic macrophages. The clearance rates of labeled RBCs were significantly decreased by co-transfusion with unlabeled RBCs of the same species, indicating that xenogeneic RBCs were recognized by the reticulo-endothelial system of SCID mice in a species-specific fashion. Furthermore, at least in the case of Hu-RBC, the complement component 3 may play a role in the Hu-RBC clearance in SCID mice since C3 deposition was observed on Hu-RBCs but not on Bo- and Eq-RBCs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Rectocele].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Rectocele].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of surgical treatment of gastric cancer in the aged].

Patients with gastric cancer aged 70 years or over were divided into 3 age groups (70-74, 75-79, 80 years or over) and were compared with patients aged 60-69 years, (which is the age group with the highest incidence of stomach cancer) with regard to the incidence of postoperative complications. In addition, factors which might be associated with increased mortality were investigated. There were no significant differences with regard to the incidence of postoperative complications (16-21%) or the mortality rate (0-3%, within 30 days after surgery) between the various age groups. However, the incidence of those complications which later proved fatal was higher in those aged 75 years or over. Factors associated with the development of complications in each age group were the type of surgical technique used, the operation time, and the severity of hemorrhage during surgery. The prognosis for gastric resection was poor in patients aged 80 years or over. Our findings indicated that curative resections should be performed for gastric cancers in the elderly if the general physical condition of the patients permits. A more conservative approach is desirable when the general condition is not favorable.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Tenascin staining positivity and the survival of patients with invasive breast carcinoma.

Tenascin immunohistochemical staining was investigated in 82 patients with primary invasive breast carcinoma followed for at least 5 years after surgery; the staining was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological factors. An intense tenascin staining pattern was noted in 59 patients (72%), but no definite correlation was found between tenascin positivity and clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, or estrogen receptor status. However, tenascin-positive patients had a significantly better prognosis than tenascin-negative patients. Tenascin staining may therefore be a useful marker for predicting the survival of breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Role of x-linked immunodeficiency (xid) and NK activity in rejection of human tumor xenotransplants in nude mice.

In order to elucidate the factors influencing the takes of human tumor xenografts in nude mice, we compared the transplantability of human tumors in nude mice with additional genetic defects in the immune system. The nude mice strains tested were classified as follows by expression of the beige gene and the x-linked immunodeficiency (xid) gene: 1) high NK nude (C57BL/6N, nu/nu), 2) low NK nude (C57BL/6 bg/bg nu/nu), 3) high NK nude with B-cell defect (CBA/N nu/nu), and 4) low NK nude with B-cell defect (NIH(S)III). Takes of human tumor xenografts including gastric carcinoma, T-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma were better in nude mice with xid (CBA/N and NIH(S) III nude mice) than in nude mice without xid (B6 and beige nude mice). In addition, among the nude mice with xid expression, the takes were slightly better in nude mice with a CBA/N background than in those with a NIH(S) background. Moreover, the xenotransplantation rate in (CBA/N x C57BL/6N)F1 male nude mice with xid expression was higher than in (C57BL/6N x CBA/N)F1 males without xid expression, but did not react the same level as that in CBA/N nude. On the other hand, introduction of the beige gene into nude mice minimally improved the takes of human tumor xenografts under limited experimental conditions (inoculation of 100 x 10(5) T-cell lymphoma and 1 x 10(5) gastric carcinoma cells) despite the reduction of NK activity. In xenotransplantation of human tumors directly from patients, the take rates of the tumors were also better in CBA/N nude mice than in BALB/cA nude mice. The results in the present report confirmed the effect of xid and CBA/N genetic background on human tumor xenografts in nude mice, suggesting the existence of serum factors, possibly present in serum IgM, mediating rejection of the xenografts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity of the house musk shrew, Suncus murinus].

A diurnal rhythm of locomotor activity in male and female house musk shrews (Jic:SUN) aged approximately one year was observed under a schedule of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness (light on at 07:00) over a period of 10 days. In general, the pattern of locomotor activity was similar in both sexes, with around 24-hr diurnal rhythm. A few typical patterns of locomotor activity in these animals were as follows: A. Locomotion interval was close in the light phase, while was sparse in the dark phase. B. As opposed to the pattern of A, locomotion interval was close in the dark and sparse in the light phases. C. Its interval remains stationary through a whole day.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Some problems of TS measurement after administration of fluoropyrimidines in colorectal cancer. Kinki Cooperative Study Group of Chemotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma].

A joint multicenter comparative study of carmofur (HCFU) alone or HCFU+dipyridamole (DP) concurrent administration was conducted by the Kinki Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Society. In this study, the drugs were administered five days prior to surgery, and thymidylate synthetase (TS) inhibition rate at the primary lesion of colorectal cancer was determined. In addition, the effect of time after resection of the primary lesion before specimen cooling on the TS inhibition rate was investigated. The subjects were 87 registered patients who received colorectal cancer surgery during 4 months from October 1991 to January 1992. The time before postsurgical cooling was divided into four group; within 10 min (n = 67), 11-20 min (n = 8), 21-30 min (n = 7), and 31 min or longer (n = 5). The TS inhibition rates (mean +/- SD) were 0.45 +/- 0.22, 0.38 +/- 0.19, 0.30 +/- 0.21, and 0.04 +/- 0.05 respectively. The longer the time after resection of the primary lesion before specimen cooling, the more TS inhibition rate decreased. When the time before specimen cooling exceeds 30 min, the major part of TS combined with FdUMP exists in a free state. Therefore, it was considered not suitable as the material for the measurement.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic differences of adenocarcinoma arising from the cardia and the upper third of the stomach.

Of 1,012 patients who underwent gastrectomy for carcinoma of the stomach from 1980 to 1990, 33 with adenocarcinoma arising from the gastroesophageal junction (group C) and 55 with adenocarcinoma of the upper third of the stomach (group U) were compared with regard to their clinicopathologic features. Twenty-five patients (76%) in group C and 49 patients (89%) in group U underwent curative resection. The 5-year survival rates following curative resection were 32 and 70 per cent, respectively (P < 0.001). The poor prognosis of group C was ascribed to a greater propensity for esophageal invasion and nodal involvement, as well as to more advanced disease at diagnosis. The rich lymphatic drainage around the cardia may account for the wide spread of such tumors. Most patients presented with an advanced disease, so earlier detection of carcinoma of the cardia is mandatory to improve the results of surgery. At operation, it is important to dissect all the involved lymph nodes from the mediastinum to the abdominal paraaortic nodes and to ensure a tumor-free esophageal margin.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Influence of epinephrine infusion on the metabolism of exogenous lipid emulsions after 70% hepatectomy in the rat].

We investigated the effects of epinephrine on the metabolism of a lipid emulsion administrated to rats after 70% hepatectomy. Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent 70% hepatectomy and then were given lipid total parenteral nutrition (lipid-TPN) for 96 h. To increase catabolism after hepatectomy, epinephrine (Bosmine) infused continuously with the lipid-TPN. With increasing doses of the epinephrine, weight loss and the increased urinary excretion of nitrogen and 3 methyl histidine were observed. This indicated that administration of epinephrine after hepatectomy produced a model of increased surgical stress. As the epinephrine dose increased the linoleic acid content of the hepatic phospholipids increased and the arachidonic acid decreased at 96 h after hepatectomy. Epinephrine apparently inhibited the activity of the delta 5.6 desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes of the cell membrane fatty acid composition that could possibly influence membrane function. Thus, the fatty acid composition of lipid emulsions for TPN should be tailored according to the severity of surgical stress, because the pattern of secretion of stress hormone is dependent on the degree of such stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Prognostic judgment of fulminant hepatitis by measurement of hepatosplenic volume ratio by computed tomography].

The liver and spleen volume ratio (S/L ratio) was estimated with X-ray computed tomography and evaluated by comparison with the prognosis in 10 patients with fulminant hepatitis. S/L ratio of control group (n = 10) was 0.122 +/- 0.026 (mean +/- SD), that of the alive group with fulminant hepatitis (n = 5) was 0.112 +/- 0.021, and that of the dead group (n = 5) was 0.308 +/- 0.136. There is a significant difference between S/L ratio of control group and that of the dead group with fulminant hepatitis. The rise of S/L ratio on the patients with fulminant hepatitis reflects the liver atrophy or splenomegaly and the prognosis was poor. The prognosis of the patients with fulminant hepatitis, whose S/L ratio indicated the near value of control group, was good. The measurement of S/L ratio by computed tomography was considered to be useful to evaluate the prognosis of fulminant hepatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Endocrine cells and prognosis in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

Using chromogranin (CG) immunohistochemical staining, the prognostic significance of endocrine differentiation was investigated in 212 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma (including 6 patients with mucosal carcinoma). CG-immunoreactive cells were found to be an integral component of the tumor in 67 of 206 patients (32.5%, excluding mucosal carcinoma). The intracellular localization of CG in the CG-immunoreactive cells in cancer tissue was completely different from that in the normal endocrine cells of the large bowel. In addition, morphologic changes such as nuclear hyperchromasia and pleomorphism also indicated that the CG-immunoreactive cells in the cancer tissue were malignant. The tumors were divided into three groups based on the frequency of CG-immunoreactive cells: Group I (n = 139), negative; Group II (n = 38), less than 1 positive cell/mm2; and Group III (n = 29), more than 1 positive cell/mm2. No correlation was observed between CG-immunoreactivity (CG-IR) and tumor location, grade, depth of invasion, or stage, regardless of lymph node involvement. However, patients with numerous endocrine tumor cells (Group III) had a significantly worse prognosis compared with patients without endocrine cells (Group I) (multivariate Cox's model, P less than 0.01). Similar findings were observed in patients with node-negative tumor (multivariate Cox's model, P less than 0.05). These results indicated that the neuroendocrine differentiation is an independent prognostic factor and that CG-immunohistochemistry is useful for detecting a subgroup with a worse prognosis among patients with colorectal cancer.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Effect of aprotinin on metastasis of Lewis lung tumor in mice.

Kallikrein activity in human stomach tissue was measured and found to be about threefold higher in cancer tissue than in normal tissue. To clarify the physiological role of this tissue kallikrein, we investigated its effects on the spontaneous metastasis and tumor growth of Lewis tumors (3LL). Antiprotease, aprotinin, and gabexate mesilate (FOY) inhibited spontaneous metastasis but did not inhibit tumor growth, while tissue kallikrein and plasmin enhanced the spontaneous metastasis of 3LL. The results suggest that the inhibitory effects of aprotinin and FOY on metastasis are not only due to an inhibition of tumor cells released by tissue kallikrein, but that tissue kallikrein, a protease, also participates in metastasis. We thus conclude that aprotinin or FOY should be administered either before or immediately after operation to inhibit spontaneous metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Absence of colorectal cancer metastasis to the cirrhotic liver.

Hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer was found in 40 (16%) of 250 patients with colorectal cancer treated in our department during the past 5 years. Liver cirrhosis was not found among the 40 patients with metastases (16%) but was present in 46 (21.9%) of the 210 nonmetastatic patients, with a significant difference between the two groups (p less than 0.001). The rate of patients who were positive for hepatitis B surface antibody was 10% in the metastatic group and 34.3% in the nonmetastatic group, with a significant difference (p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that colorectal cancer does not metastasize to the injured liver, especially the cirrhotic liver.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

[Diurnal rhythm of drinking activity in the house musk shrew].

A diurnal rhythm of drinking activity in 7 male and 6 female house musk shrews (Jic: SUN) aged about one year was observed over a period of 10 days under a schedule of 12 hr light and 12 hr darkness (light on at 07:00). In general, the pattern of drinking activity was similar among both sexes, with around 24-hr diurnal rhythm. A few typical drinking patterns of these animals were represented as follows: 1) Drinking interval was very close in the dark phase, while it was a little too sparse in the light phase (n = 4). 2) Its interval remains stationary through a whole day (n = 5). 3) Drinking was performed between the latter half of light and the first half of dark phases (n = 4).

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of the measurement of hepatosplenic volume ratio by computed tomography].

The liver and spleen volume ratio (S/L ratio) was estimated with X-ray computed tomography. Clinical usefulness of S/L ratio was evaluated by comparison with other liver functions (retention rate of ICG, total bilirubin, serum albumin and cholinesterase activity) in 42 hepatocellular carcinoma patients with liver cirrhosis. The correlation between S/L ratio and retention rate of ICG, total bilirubin, serum albumin or cholinesterase activity was good (r = 0.870, r = 0.719, r = -0.691, or r = -0.606, respectively p less than 0.001). Positive correlation was observed between S/L ratio and retention rate of ICG or total bilirubin. Negative correlation was observed between S/L ratio and serum albumin or cholinesterase activity. In conclusion, the measurement of S/L ratio on computed tomography was considered to be useful as an evaluation for the degree of severity in liver cirrhosis by considering both effective hepatic blood flow and portal hypertension.

Adult↗