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Biomedical subjects

K Hioki

Publications and source records attributed to K Hioki.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunohistochemical study of carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with colorectal cancer. Correlation with plasma carcinoembryonic antigen levels.

Using peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was demonstrated in conventionally processed colorectal cancer tissues. A new immunohistochemical grading for colorectal cancers based on the mode of the localization was made in an attempt to clarify the factors responsible for elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients. Most of the patients with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, in which CEA was densely distributed along the apical surface but only rarely present along the basolateral surfaces of the carcinoma cells, had very low levels of plasma CEA, whereas all patients showing CEA distribution in the stroma as well as over the entire surfaces of the cancer cells and their cytoplasm showed high plasma CEA levels. In addition, there was a good correlation between the grading and presence of the blood vessel and lymphatic invasions. Thus, the appearance of CEA in the surrounding stroma, due to abnormal distribution of CEA on the basolateral plasma membrane of cancer cells, may play a significant role in the elevation of plasma CEA levels in colorectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Barium peritonitis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of generalized peritonitis, secondary to a perforation of the rectosigmoid colon during barium-enema roentgenography, is presented. The patient required immediate surgical intervention with the prime importance of the treatment being removal of as much of the contaminating materials as possible. This was done successfully with irrigation and wiping, using urokinase solution. Peritoneal lavage with urokinase solution was also carried out in the early postoperative period. Fluid replacement with careful monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is essential before, during, and after the surgical procedure. Adequate antibiotic therapy and careful respiratory and nutritional support are also important.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Immunohistochemical evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy.

A surgical case of a middle-aged Japanese with eosinophilic gastroenteritis is described. This 50-year-old man presented protein-losing gastroenteropathy, iron-deficiency anemia, and marked elevation of serum IgE, in whom the lesion formed a diffuse thickening of almost the entire portion of the stomach. Microscopically, there was an intense infiltration of eosinophils throughout the whole thickness of the gastric wall, interspersed with plasma cells and lymphocytes. On the affected area, an increased number of IgE-positive plasma cells and surface IgE-positive mast cells, some of which are degranulated, were identified. These immunohistochemical findings provide a strong evidence for IgE mast cell-mediated allergy concerning this disorder.

Eosinophils↗
PubMed1985

[Influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional incidences in patients with recurrent cancer].

The influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on nutritional assessment of patients with recurrent cancer was studied. One hundred forty-six patients with recurrent gastric, colorectal and breast cancer who have been admitted to our hospital during the past five years were surveyed. Serum albumin and cholinesterase levels on admission in the gastric and breast cancer patients who died in the hospital were considerably lower than those of the patients who recovered sufficiently to be discharged from the hospital. The patients with recurrent gastric cancer who received TPN for more than a week were also analyzed. It was shown that those whose levels of serum total protein and albumin did not respond favorably to TPN were the patients with shortest survival. Therefore, by checking the response to the administration of TPN, it seems to be possible to predict the patient's prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Dissociation of creatine kinase activity from hydrolytic enzyme activities in muscle of dystrophic mice.

Time course studies were done to reexamine the age-dependency of intramuscular enzymatic changes in dystrophic mice. Most of the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in dystrophic mice were elevated in comparison to the controls throughout the span of 8 weeks which was examined. In contrast, the activity of creatine kinase remained depressed throughout the same period. This tendency was similarly seen in the muscles of forelimb and hindlimb but not in heart muscle. The observations are compatible with the notion that the increased activities of hydrolytic enzymes are causally related to the destruction of muscular tissue, leading to the malfunction of contractile machinery in the dystrophic muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Nutritional management of the patients after total gastrectomy using total parenteral nutrition (TPN)].

In this study therapeutic effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the patients undergoing total gastrectomy was evaluated and following results were obtained. Both incidence and cure rate of anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy had markedly improved, in spite of increased resection rate and curative operation for the patients with advanced gastric cancer by introducing TPN routinely to the nutritional management. It is important to maintain serum albumin level above 3.0 g/dl to give enough calories and protein (40-50 kcal/kg/day). TPN using a combined carbohydrate solution such as the ratio for glucose, fructose, xylitol (4: 2: 1) seems to have a beneficial effect on the patients with surgical diabetes status. It is suggested that serum albumin is a most promising parameter in nutritional assessment of the preoperative period. But in the early postoperative period, rapid turnover protein such as prealbumin might be more accurate parameter. TPN during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery leads to diminished morbidity, and possibly to prolonged survival time in the patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1984

[Three surgically treated cases of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus with reference to a new surgical approach--eversion stripping and esophagogastrostomy through the posterior mediastinum].

Three surgical cases of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus were reported. Case 1 was a 56-year-old man who was admitted 3 days after the onset was treated with open drainage. He had no complications whatsoever 8 years after the treatment. In case 2 (a 55-year-old man), eversion stripping of the esophagus and gastrostomy were performed 2 months after diagnosis, but esophageal reconstruction was not successful. He died of acute congestive heart failure 5 years after surgery. The Third case was a 60-year-old women whose rupture was confirmed 11 days after the onset. Cervical esophagostomy, gastrostomy and jejunostomy were performed 16 days after the rupture. Thereafter, esophageal eversion stripping and esophagogastrostomy through the posterior mediastinum were successfully carried out 2 months after the first surgery. She had no postoperative complications. Eversion stripping of the esophagus with esophagogastrostomy through the posterior mediastinum is an effective and safe method for some advanced cases of spontaneous esophageal rupture. We have not found any reports of surgical cases with spontaneous esophageal rupture treated by this approach in the literature.

Esophageal Diseases↗
PubMed1984

Effect of dietary unsaturated and saturated fats on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.

The effects of dietary unsaturated and saturated fats on chemically induced colon carcinogenesis were examined in male Donryu rats. The rats were fed two types of semipurified diets consisting of 5% linoleic acid or 4.7% stearic acid plus 0.3% essential fatty acid as dietary fats. The rats were treated with azoxymethane (7.4 mg/kg body weight) s.c. once a week for 11 weeks and sacrificed 15 weeks after the last injection of the carcinogen. The rats fed unsaturated fat diet demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of colon tumors [100%], more tumors per rat [2.68 +/- 1.60 (S.D.)], and greater malignant differentiation histologically than did those fed saturated fat diet [76%, 1.79 +/- 1.59, respectively]. Lipid analysis of colon tumors and colon mucosa showed that unsaturated fat diet altered the phosphatide fatty acyl composition of colon mucosa markedly and increased the content of arachidonic acid in the neutral lipid of colon tumors. The altered lipid composition of the mucosa may increase the sensitivity of the colon to the carcinogen, and the excess of arachidonic acid or its metabolites may be the primary agents of cocarcinogenesis of colon tumors. These findings suggest that dietary unsaturated fats have potent cocarcinogenic effects on colon carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as an adjunct to gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma.

Clinical staging and immune reactivity were correlated in 39 patients who underwent gastrectomy for primary gastric cancer. Cellular immunity was depressed as the stage of cancer advanced, whereas humoral immunity was unaffected. Gastrectomy for advanced cancer in stage 3 and 4 suppressed cellular immunity. The cellular and humoral immune systems in relation to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus non-TPN were evaluated in 57 patients who underwent gastrectomy for stage 3 and 4 advanced cancer. Cell-mediated immunocompetence was restored in all 29 patients who received postoperative TPN, while serum immunoglobulins were unaffected by TPN. Improvement of impaired cell-mediated immunity was also obtained in patients treated with a TPN-5-FU combination as an adjunct to surgery. Treatment with TPN during 5-FU administration restored immunocompetence, increased tolerance for 5-FU and gave a satisfactory 3-year survival rate. There were significant differences in the 3-year survival rates of patients who underwent non-curative gastrectomy (54 per cent for TPN-5-FU v. 0 per cent for non-TPN-5-FU; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that TPN during chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery leads to diminished morbidity, and possibly to prolonged survival time, in patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A possible mechanism responsible for the gratifying results of TPN treatment may be the increased tolerance for 5-FU resulting from improved nutrition and increased cell-mediated immunity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of dietary cholesterol on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats.

The effect of dietary cholesterol on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis was evaluated with two different sets of experiments. Starting at 6 weeks of age, male Donryu rats were divided into four groups, and fed either control chow or one supplemented with 1% cholesterol, and with or without AOM (11 weekly s.c. injections at a dosage of 7.4 mg/kg body weight). The rats were sacrificed at 20 weeks after (first experiment) and at 15 weeks after (second experiment) the last injection of AOM. The AOM-treated groups in both experiments developed tumors in the colon and small intestine, whereas no tumors were seen in the AOM-untreated groups. An interesting observation was that cholesterol feeding significantly increased the number of colon tumors/rat and the number of animals with distant metastases to several organs. Tumor growth and invasiveness were also enhanced, but not significantly. Both bile acids and neutral sterols in the feces were markedly increased in the rats fed the 1% cholesterol supplement (2-3 fold and 5-6 fold, respectively). According to these results, it might be postulated that dietary cholesterol revealed potent promoting effects on AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis through the mechanism of increasing excretion of bile acids and neutral sterols in the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Growth rate of a human carcinoma in nude mice with different genetic backgrounds.

Strain dependent growth of a human carcinoma was observed in nude mice with different genetic backgrounds. Rapid growth of the human gastric carcinoma was seen in CBA/N-nu, NFS/N-nu, and NIH(s)-nu. The human carcinoma in NIH(s)-nu showed the widest deviation in tumor weight. Natural killer activity of spleen cells from nude mice with different genetic backgrounds was not necessarily correlated with in vivo tumor growth. These data suggest that there are complex regulatory mechanisms in the antitumor system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Strain-dependent growth of a human carcinoma in nude mice with different genetic backgrounds: selection of nude mouse strains useful for anticancer agent screening system.

Human gastric carcinoma showed different growth in nude mice depending on their genetic backgrounds which included BALB/cA-nu (nude mice with a BALB/cA genetic background), CBA/N-nu, NFS/N-nu, NIH(s)-nu, C3H/HeN+-nu, C57BL/6N-nu and lasat mice (BALB/cA-nu, Dh). Rapid growth of human carcinoma was observed in CBA/N-nu, NFS/N-nu and NIH(s)-nu. The human carcinoma in NIH(s)-nu showed the widest deviation in tumor weight. These data suggest that NFS/N-nu and CBA/N-nu are strains which are more recommended for anticancer agent screening systems than BALB/cA-nu, NIH(s)-nu, C3H/HeN+-nu, C57BL/6N-nu and lasat mice, although many other factors including productivity of the mice, strain differences in drug metabolism and drug toxicity must be considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Elimination of mouse hepatitis virus infection in human malignant tumors transplanted into athymic (nude) mice (author's transl)].

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection occurred in athymic (nude) mice transplanted with human malignant tumors and 28 out of 38 tumor lines were contaminated with MHV. These 28 tumor lines were passaged in pathogen-free nude mice and 15 of these tumor lines (53.6%) became MHV-free. The MHV infection was eliminated in more than half of the tumor lines by passaging.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-5-FU combination therapy with or without levamisole. 1].

A randomized controlled study by envelope method was carried out with the purpose of evaluating effects and side effects of levamisole in patients with resectable stomach cancer. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment either with control or levamisole according to the indication of the envelope opened at least 3 days prior to surgery. The control group was treated with Mitomycin C (day 0, 20 mg day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.) and 5-FU(150 mg/day, p.o.). The levamisole group was treated with Mitomycin C, 5-FU and levamisole. Levamisole was administered at a daily dose of 150 mg for 3 consecutive days before surgery, and the 3 consecutive days administration schedule was repeated every fortnight for one year after surgery. Four hundred and forty-six patients were entered in this trial. However, with the exclusion of 104 patients as exceptions and dropouts, the total eligible patients were 342, consisting of 167 in the control group and 175 in the levamisole group. The effects were evaluated by comparing the disease-free interval or the survival time of both groups. There was no significant difference in the disease-free interval and survival. In this study, we have not yet reached the conclusion that levamisole is effective in prolonging disease-free interval and survival time, because high survival rates are still maintained in both groups for 2 years after surgery. The final conclusion would be drawn with the follow-up results in the future.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Role of thymus for N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine-induced polyarthritis and granuloma formation in euthymic and athymic nude rats or in neonatally thymectomized rats.

A synthetic adjuvant, N-acetyl muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), produced extremely severe polyarthritis with almost 100% incidence in Rowett euthymic rnu/+ rats, but the same dose of MDP (100 microgram) did not produce the disease in athymic rnu/rnu rats. Five hundred micrograms of MDP or 0.2 mg of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis BCG, however, produced mild and transient polyarthritis in nude rats with very low incidence. We have not yet succeeded in reconstituting the disease susceptibility of nude rats by using thymus cells from normal rnu/+ rats. After intradermal inoculation of 100 microgram of MDP, nude rats developed small granulomas with a little necrosis and very few multinucleated giant cells only in the regional lymph nodes, whereas, in addition to the development of polyarthritis, euthymic rnu/+ rats developed typical granuloma with massive necrosis accompanied by numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and sparse multinucleated giant cells in the regional lymph nodes. Thymus cell-reconstituted rnu/rnu rats developed granuloma with sparse giant cells, relatively large areas of necrosis, and many polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Neonatal thymectomy may depress adjuvant-induced arthritis in the high-responder Lewis rats and enhance the disease development in the low-responder F344 rats. These findings suggested that (i) thymus plays an important role in promoting the development of MDP-induced arthritis; (ii) MDP-induced granuloma formation does not require thymus functions; (iii) the thymus functions may however be involved in the development of massive necrosis surrounded by considerable polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, the mechanisms of which remain to be determined; and (iv) there is no direct correlation between granuloma formation and development of adjuvant arthritis.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗