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Biomedical subjects

K Hino

Publications and source records attributed to K Hino.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Intracranial fungal granuloma with CSF space dissemination: a case report].

A 28-year-old male presented with a low grade fever, decreased activity, left hemiparesis and signs of intracranial hypertension. CT showed a moderate hydrocephalus and a large irregular mass in the right temporoparietal region with garland-like enhancement after injection of the contract medium. These findings suggested a malignant brain tumor. MR images demonstrated a mass with low-iso signal intensity on T1 weighted image and low-iso-high mixed intensity on T2, which is like a mosaic pattern. Multiple cerebrospinal fluid space seedings including the wall of the lateral ventricle, the surface of the cerebellum and pons, and the cervical spinal cord were clearly delineated on MR images after Gd-DTPA injection. The large mass was totally removed by craniotomy after ventricle drainage for hydrocephalus. Microscopic examinations showed dense fibrous connective tissue with infiltration of Langhans' giant cells, lymphocytes and fibroblasts around the necrotic centers. These hard components may have been responsible for the low signal intensity on T2-MR images. Many Candida elements were clearly shown with the periodic acid Schiff stain. The diagnosis was that the lesion was an intraparenchymal granuloma due to Candida infection. The patient died on the 8th postoperative day because of brain stem malfunction. Intracranial fungal infection rarely produces a granuloma in the central nervous system. Though it is difficult to diagnose a large irregular mass in the brain, MR images, especially T2 weighted images are useful for the diagnosis of fungal granuloma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hepatitis C virus genotypes and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Among several genotypes of hepatitis C virus (HCV), genotypes 1b (or II) and 2a (or III) are predominant in Japan. Although it has been shown that the efficacy of interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C varies with the HCV genotype, the relationship between HCV genotype and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well described. METHODS: The genotypes and serum levels were determined for HCV-RNA in 72 patients with HCC and 131 patients without HCC, all of whom were positive for second-generation HCV antibody and HCV-RNA. In addition, clinical data from 34 patients with HCC who each had a history of blood transfusion were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-seven (79.2%) of 72 patients with HCC had genotype 1b HCV, whereas 101 (77.1%) of 131 patients without HCC had genotype 1b, indicating that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of genotype 1b HCV between the patients with and without HCC. Furthermore, comparison of patients with HCC with genotype 1b HCV with those with genotype 2a who had a history of blood transfusion did not differ significantly in the number of years from blood transfusion to diagnosis of HCC. Levels of HCV-RNA were not significantly different among patients with liver diseases of various stages. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatocellular carcinoma develops in patients with either genotype 2a HCV or genotype 1b HCV. A difference in genotype is not likely to be responsible for the difference in development of HCC.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1995

EDA-containing fibronectin is synthesized from rheumatoid synovial fibroblast-like cells.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the cells that synthesize EDA-containing fibronectin (FN) and examine the role of EDA+FN in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid joint lesions. METHODS: Localization of EDA+FN and c-Fos protein in rheumatoid joints was studied immunohistochemically by utilizing antibodies for EDA+FN and c-Fos. Expression of EDA+FN was studied by immunoelectron microscopy and in situ hybridization. The amount of EDA+FN was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: EDA+FN was specifically localized in the synovial lining layer of synovium with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n = 17), but not in that with osteoarthritis (n = 4) or with inactive fibrous RA (n = 2). EDA+FN messenger RNA was localized in the synovial lining layer. EDA+FN was immunoelectron microscopically localized in the synovial lining fibroblast-like (type B) cells. EDA+FN was also detected at the cartilage-pannus junction and on the surface of RA cartilage. Double staining showed that EDA+FN colocalized with c-Fos protein in the rheumatoid synovial lining layer. Quantification of EDA+FN showed that it was highly concentrated in rheumatoid synovial fluids. CONCLUSION: EDA+FN is synthesized by the synovial lining fibroblast-like (type B) cells in situ in rheumatoid synovium, and appears to be expressed in association with activated or transformed states of synovium.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Dominant replication of either virus in dual infection with hepatitis viruses B and C.

To characterize the state of dual infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA levels were determined by spot hybridization or polymerase chain reaction in the sera of patients who were positive for both hepatitis B surface antigen and HCV antibody. Among 27 patients who showed evidence of double infection, 21 (77.8%) had detectable levels of only either HBV or HCV genome in their sera, 2 (7.4%) showed none of the viral genomes, and 4 (14.8%) had both HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA. In the 4 patients with both HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA, the titers of HCV-RNA or HBV-DNA were lower than those in the patients with HCV-RNA or HBV-DNA alone. In some patients with chronic hepatitis, the viruses appeared to replicate in turn in the course of the disease. These results indicate that the viruses show alternating dominance in replication in most of the patients who have dual infection with HBV and HCV, probably due to interference of the viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Serial assay of hepatitis C virus RNA in serum for predicting response to interferon-alpha therapy.

To determine whether the loss of serum hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) early in interferon therapy would indicate a sustained response to this agent, we detected serum HCV-RNA successively during and after therapy. Serum samples for detection of HCV-RNA were obtained serially from 36 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon-alpha. In 28 of these patients, results of the assay were compared with genotypes and quantitative levels of HCV-RNA in serum before therapy. HCV-RNA was detected by a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using the 5'-noncoding region as a primer. Genotypes were determined by using type-specific primers, and serum levels of HCV-RNA were determined by a competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HCV-RNA disappeared from serum in eight of 10 responders (80%), but in only one of the 26 nonresponders (3.8%) at the second week of therapy (P < 0.0005). The time until the disappearance of HCV-RNA was correlated with the serum level of HCV-RNA present before therapy (P < 0.05). The early disappearance of HCV-RNA from serum during interferon therapy was useful in predicting a sustained response in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 145 of HBsAg in two infants born to hepatitis B e antigen-positive carrier.

Two daughters born to an HBeAg-positive carrier became hepatitis B virus carriers despite immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin or hepatitis B vaccine. The elder daughter received hepatitis B immune globulin alone and the younger daughter received both hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. They acquired anti-HBs passively immediately after birth, and the younger daughter did not respond to active immunization. The nucleotide sequence of the S gene of hepatitis B virus DNA from the four carriers in the family was determined. A 531-bp fragment within the S gene, which includes a region encoding both the common a and type-specific d/y or r/w determinants, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Antigenic subtypes of HBV were identified as adr in the father and adw in both the mother and two daughters. Amino acid residues 122-160 of HBsAg were identical between the daughters and their mother except for a glycine-to-arginine substitution at codon 145. A possibility that this escape mutant had selective advantage over wild-type hepatitis B virus under immune pressure is discussed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

"Rebound" phenomenon of hepatitis C viremia after interferon therapy in "relapsed" patients with chronic hepatitis C.

The correlation between serum hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA and aminotransferase levels following completion of interferon therapy was evaluated in eight relapsed patients with chronic hepatitis C. Both HCV-RNA and aminotransferase levels were significantly increased in the relapsed patients 1 month after completion of therapy, compared to pretreatment values, despite aminotransferase levels being normal and HCV-RNA being undetectable by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay at the end of therapy. The serum levels of HCV-RNA and aminotransferase were significantly elevated 1 and 2 months post-treatment. They then decreased to pretreatment values 3-5 months after the completion of therapy. Thus, in relapsed patients after the completion of therapy, the changes in HCV-RNA levels preceded the elevation in aminotransferase levels. These findings suggest a correlation between serum HCV-RNA levels and aminotransferase levels in relapsed patients with chronic hepatitis C after the completion of interferon therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

High nitric oxide synthase activity in endothelial cells in ulcerative colitis.

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase, a unique NO synthase (NOS) isoform that is expressed constitutively by the vascular endothelium both in vivo and in vitro, is believed to be essential to systemic and/or local vascular integrity. NOS expression by endothelial cells may indicate vascular activation. We successfully established a simple method for the culture of microvascular endothelial cells from a small amount of tissue and investigated ulcerative colitis (UC), in which condition vascular factors have not been studied extensively. We cultured endothelial cells from the mesenteries of surgical patients with UC and assayed NOS activity by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase histochemistry. Strong NOS activity was demonstrated in the cells from all UC patients (5/5), whereas no activity was detected in the cells from human umbilical veins and the mesenteries of colon cancer patients (0/10 and 0/5, respectively). This strong NOS activity was not diminished by incubation with a high concentration of glucocorticoid, suggesting that it was constitutive. These results indicate a close relationship of vascular activation (high NOS activity) with the pathogenesis of UC.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Carbohydrate structures of the glycoprotein allergen Cry j I from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen.

The glycoprotein allergen Cry j I from Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen was treated with pepsin and glycopeptidase A to release asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The reducing ends of the oligosaccharides were aminated with the fluorescent reagent 2-aminopyridine. The oligosaccharide derivatives were purified by gel permeation chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were determined by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and 500 MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Four oligosaccharide structures, A, B, C, and D, were identified as the xylose-containing complex-type. They were present at a molar ratio of 8:1:6:1. By amino acid sequence analyses of the tryptic peptides, Asn-170 and Asn-333 of Cry j I were found to carry asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. [formula: see text]

Allergens↗
PubMed1995

Interferon-alpha 2a for chronic hepatitis B with e antigen or antibody:comparable antiviral effects on wild-type virus and precore mutant.

Recombinant interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-alpha 2a) in a total dose of 702 MU was given to 31 patients: nine with wild-type hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (A); four with HBeAg and a mixed infection with wild-type HB and precore mutants (B); 11 with antibody to HBeAg (HBeAb) and a mixed infection (C); and seven with HBeAb and precore mutants alone (D). HBV DNA was not cleared in any patient in groups A and B. By contrast, in patients with HBeAb, HBV DNA was ultimately lost in four patients in group C, as well as in 10 patients in group D. Thus, patients with HBeAb and infected with precore mutants alone (D) lost serum HBV DNA more often than those with HBeAg and wild-type HBV (A). Patients with low pretreatment levels of HBV DNA cleared virus more frequently, and the response of precore mutant to IFN was comparable with that of wild-type HBV in patients who had a mixed infection. Based on these results, precore mutants do respond to IFN, and therefore, IFN is indicated in patients with HBeAb, especially those with low serum HBV DNA levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Multicentric Castleman's disease with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia died of aggressive course with adult respiratory distress syndrome].

A 49-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with anemia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Physical examination revealed superficial lymph node swelling and no hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory findings showed WBC 5,300/microliters with normal hemogram, microcytic and hypochromic anemia. Total protein was 11.5 g/dl and immunoglobulinemia (IgG 10,100 mg/dl, IgA 295 mg/dl, IgM 160 mg/dl) was observed without M-component in serum and urine. The CD4/CD8 ratio of lymphocyte subsets was 0.58 and the tuberuculin skin test was negative. Urinary protein was positive and renal biopsy disclosed plasma cell infiltration. Lymph node biopsy revealed multiple lymphoid follicles and infiltration of plasma cells in the interfollicular areas. A diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD) was made baredon clinical findings and lymph node biopsy. After therapy with plasmapheresis and the CHOP regimen, he was given etoposide. Although discharged with clinical improvement and a decrease of serum IgG, he was readmitted because of pyrexia after 4 days and died of pneumonia with adult respiratory distress syndrome. The autopsy revealed lymphoid interstitial pneumonia. It seems important to notice that some of MCD have poor prognoses because of accompanying immunodeficiency.

Castleman Disease↗