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Biomedical subjects

K Hillier

Publications and source records attributed to K Hillier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The effect of prostaglandin E2 infusion in the fetal lamb on fetal plasma ACTH, prolactin and cortisol concentrations.

PGE2 (2 micrograms/min) has been infused for 1h into the fetal jugular vein of 8 chronically catheterized fetuses on 13 occasions from 112 to 138 days gestation. Infusion of ethanol vehicle alone was conducted in fetuses from 111-139 days gestation. PGE2 administration produced a significant increase in fetal plasma cortisol after 30 min. No significant change was observed in fetal plasma prolactin concentration. Fetal plasma ACTH concentration was significantly elevated above resting concentration after 30 min. of PGE2 infusion. Metabolic clearance rate of PGE2 was 860 ml/min or 350 ml/kg/min. Intrauterine pressure was not changes during the infusion at any gestational age.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1977

Prostaglandin-induced abortion and outcome of subsequent pregnancies: a prospective controlled study.

We analysed a prospective series of 204 pregnancies occurring in 168 women after a prostaglandin-induced abortion. The mean (+/-standard error of mean) interval between abortion and first subsequent conception was 10.4 +/- 0.6 months; no patient reported secondary subfertility.Fifty-five of the subsequent pregnancies were terminated, 23 during the second trimester, again using prostaglandins. Of the 149 pregnancies not terminated, 127 were delivered at term, and 19 spontaneously aborted, seven during the second trimester; there was one missed abortion and two ectopic pregnancies. Morbidity in the 127 term pregnancies was infrequent; spontaneous preterm labour occurred in three patients, and four singleton infants weighed less than 2500 g at birth. There was no apparent association between morbidity in the subsequent pregnancies and the period of gestation at the time of the previous abortion, route of prostaglandin administration, or need for post-abortion curettage.The results obtained overall were very similar to a control group of 612 women consecutively admitted for delivery or abortion to the Oxford obstetrical and gynaecological units. There was, however, an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion and placenta praevia after prostaglandin-induced abortion, and the multigravidae in that group had a longer average duration of labour than the control group. Sixty-five per cent of the post-abortion pregnancies were unplanned compared with 36% of the control group.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1977

Secretion of prostaglandins as bone-resorbing agents by renal cortical carcinoma in culture.

Fragments of human renal carcinoma tissue have been co-cultured with mouse calvaria. In 9/13 cases significant bone resorption occurred whilst in no case did control kidney cause significant resorption. When bone resorption did occur, it could be reduced by inclusion of indomethacin in the culture medium. In some cases when theophylline was included in culture medium to prevent cyclic AMP breakdown, there was enhancement of tumour-induced bone resorption. Control studies without tumour showed that none of the experimental treatments had a direct effect on bone. Radioimmunoassay of prostaglandin E (PGE) levels in pooled culture media showed that tumour fragments produced appreciable amounts of PGE, and that this production was lowered by indomethacin and increased by theophylline. It is concluded that the bone resorption induced by these tumours is due to a prostaglandin, and that prostaglandin production may be controlled by changes in cyclic AMP metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Uterine contractility.

Many factors appear to control uterine activity in the human, either by direct action or by modulating the effects of other agents. There is no evidence to conclude that any one substance is the pre-eminent controller of physiological activity. The final common mediator of contraction evoked by stimulants is calcium and without this contractility does not occur. The action of many relaxant and contracting drugs can be ascribed to their effects on calcium binding and intracellular availability.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1976

Prostaglandin E and F concentrations in human endometrium after insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device.

The prostaglandin (P.G.) content of endometrium from fourteen women was examined before and 1-5 months after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. A statistically significant increase in P.G.E but not P.G.F was observed. The P.G.E concentration increased in eleven to fourteen cases and fell in three. The P.G.F content increased in five cases and fell in eight.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Production of prostaglandins E and Falpha by corpora lutea, corpora albicantes and stroma from the human ovary.

This study has shown that corpora lutea, stromal tissue and corpora albicantes from human ovaries contain prostaglandin E (PGE) and PGFalpha, and that the two former tissues can synthesize these prostaglandins during incubation. Enhanced syntheses, especially of PGE, occurred on adding arachidonic acid to the incubation medium, and the presence of prostaglandin synthetase activity was conclusively demonstrated. In corpora lutea obtained during the early and mid-luteal phase, the mean concentrations of PGE and PGFalpha were 34.3 and 9l9 ng/g respectively (mean ratio PGE:PGFalpha = 3.7); similar values were found in three corpora lutea from women at 10-12 weeks of pregnancy. All these corpora lutea contained appreciable amounts of progesterone and oestradiol-17beta. Prostaglandin levels were generally lower in corpora lutea obtained during the late luteal phase, although the PGE:PGFalpha ratio had increased to a mean value of 8.4. In corpora albicantes, the concentrations of both PGE and PGFalpha were significantly higher than the levels found in corpora lutea (P less than 0.01), whilst the mean ratio of PGE:PGFalpha had fallen significantly to 1.8 (P less than 0.01). Prostaglandin levels in stromal tissue varied considerably between individuals. The mean values were significantly lower than those of the corpora albicantes (P less than 0.01) but not significantly different to corpora lutea at any stage. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible role of prostaglandins in ovarian steroidogenesis and corpus luteum regression in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Intrauterine prostaglandin E2 as an postconceptional abortifacient.

1. Thirty-eight pregnant women, 2 to 33 days overdue with a menstrual period, were treated with a single intrauterine injection of PGE2. 2. Abortion occurred in 7 of 12 patients (58.3%) treated with PGE2 100 mug and in 22 of 26 patients (84.6%) given PGE2 500 mug. 3. The only side effect was uterine pain requiring analgesia in four of the former and 15 of the latter. Four patients required curettage to control bleeding.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1975

Coagulation changes during second-trimester abortion induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 and hypertonic solutions.

The coagulation system was studied in twenty-seven patients undergoing second-trimester abortion induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin (P.G.) E2 alone and in combination with a hypertonic solution of urea or glucose. Changes consistent with intravascular coagulation, namely a rise in fibrin degradation products and a fall in plasma-fibrinogen and platelet-count, were observed in those patients treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic urea. Similar but less pronounced changes were found in the group treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic glucose. In patients treated with P.G.E2 alone no changes suggestive of intravascular coagulation were detected. One patient treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic urea who did not abort for 26 hours demonstrated changes indicative of a pronounced degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings show that when abortion is induced using P.G.E2 and a hypertonic solution, particularly hypertonic urea, disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur as a result of a hypertonic agent being used.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1975

Single extra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel to induce mid-trimester abortion.

In a preliminary study a single extra-amniotic injection of 1.5 mg of prostaglandin E-2 incorporated into an aqueous viscous gel was given to 24 patients aborted within 24 hours, and the mean induction-abortion interval (plus or minus S.E. of mean) was 13.5 plus or minus 1.5 hours. Vomiting occurred in seven patients, and transient severe uterine cramps, pallor, nausea, and shivering occurred in one patient immediately after injection. Complete abortion occurred in 20patients. A delay in the time taken to abort seemed to be associated with an immediate and rapid rise in uterine tone after the injection which required prompt analgesia; this probably reflected rapid decidual absorption and dissolution of the prostaglandins away from their site of action. The degree of distention of the catheter-retaining balloon did not influence abortion times.

Abortion, Induced↗