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Biomedical subjects

K Higashino

Publications and source records attributed to K Higashino.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Production of Kasahara isoenzyme by OKK cell line established from a human maxillary carcinoma.

A cell line, designated OKK, has been established from a human maxillary carcinoma in a Japanese man. The cultured cells were inoculated into nude mice, with the subsequent establishment of tumors. Alkaline phosphatases were extracted from these tumors and partially purified by chromatography. The electrophoretically fastest moving isoenzyme, designated tentatively as OKK T isoenzyme, was biochemically and immunologically investigated by comparing it with the Kasahara isoenzyme purified partially from the tumor, which originated from FL cells inoculated into a nude mouse. The properties of the OKK T isoenzyme were identical to those of the Kasahara isoenzyme. Thus, the enzymes showed a similar inhibition by amino acids (L-phenylalanine and L-leucine), the same behavior with respect to other properties, including heat stability, immunological character and molecular weight. The genetic phenotype of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of this established cell line was proved not to be identical to that of a HeLa cell line.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Bile acid synthesis by long-term cultured cell line established from human hepatoblastoma.

Bile acids in the spent medium for the cell culture were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine whether human hepatoblastoma cell line could synthesize bile acids. Cholic, chenodeoxycholic, and lithocolic acids were found in the culture medium, and a portion of chenodeoxycholic acid and all of lithocholic acid were sulfated. Since the cells had been cultured in serum-free medium, it is clear that the bile acids were newly synthesized and sulfated by the cultured cells. Chenodeoxycholic acid was the main bile acid in the medium, suggesting that the cell line might predominantly synthesize chenodeoxycholic acid. On the other hand, the cells had fetal or hepatoma characters such as marked alpha-fetoprotein production. These results suggest that fetal or hepatoma type bile acid metabolism might occur in the cell line, and that the established cell line could be an useful in vitro model for the study of bile acid metabolism in hepatoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme of colonic carcinoma in Wistar-Furth rats.

Wistar-Furth (WF) strain rats have been shown to have a high incidence of spontaneous colon cancer. We have compared the alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes in colonic carcinomas of these inbred WF strain rats with the isoenzymes in the non-carcinomatous colon of the same strain and the normal colon of Wistar strain rats, from which the WF strain was derived. On electrophoresis of AP specimens partially purified by acetone fractionation, the non-carcinomatous colon was found to have three main isoenzymes, while the normal colon had two. Colonic carcinomas gave one band which migrated slower than any bands from either normal or non-carcinomatous colon. The electrophoretic mobility of AP from colonic carcinomas was retarded by neuraminidase treatment. This did not influence the isoenzymes from non-carcinomatous and normal colon. The inhibition patterns of the enzyme from colonic carcinoma by amino acids, inorganic phosphate and urea were different from those of the isoenzymes in the other two tissues. AP of colonic carcinoma was also the most heat-labile. There were no significant differences in the enzymic properties of the isoenzymes from non-carcinomatous and normal colon. The enzymic properties except for electrophoretic mobility were found to be the same between APs of colonic carcinoma and the placenta.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Urinary and fecal keto bile acids in liver cirrhosis.

The urinary and fecal bile acids of thirteen male patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain information on their keto bile acid excretion. 3 alpha-Hydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic, 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-7-keto-5 beta-cholanoic, 3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-12-keto-5 beta-cholanoic and 3 alpha-hydroxy-7,12-diketo-5 beta-cholanoic acids were found in the urine of ten patients. In four of these patients, keto bile acids were the main bile acids excreted in the urine. However, the ratios of fecal keto bile acids to the total fecal bile acids in these four patients were similar to those in the other six patients whose urinary excretion of keto bile acids was low. Three of the four patients had clinical abnormalities, such as ascites, esophageal varices or a history of hepatic encephalopathy, that may indicate advanced liver dysfunction and/or presence of collateral circulation. These findings suggest that the occurrence of keto bile acids in the urine might be ascribed to the escape of these acids from reduction to hydroxy-forms in the liver, not to bacterial over-production in the intestine. However, the mechanism and significance of the presence of keto bile acids in the urine are still unknown.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Further investigations on a novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in human renal carcinoma.

The enzymic and immunological properties of a novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase found in human renal carcinoma tissues were investigated further in comparison with those of the normal kidney enzyme. On isoelectric focusing, the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase separated into two main forms, having pI values below 3.6, while the normal kidney enzyme separated into multi-molecular forms with pI values of 4.0-5.0. Neuraminidase treatment diminished the difference between these two enzymes, the products of the novel enzyme and the normal kidney having pI values of 5.4 and 5.6, respectively. The percentages of the total activity of the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase binding with Con A before and after neuraminidase treatment were about 40% and 80%, respectively, while the corresponding percentages of the activity of the normal kidney enzyme were less that 10% and about 25%, respectively. The novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was immunologically identical with the normal kidney enzyme in the activity inhibition test and the double diffusion test. The present data suggest that the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase has the same antigen site as the normal kidney enzyme, but differs from the latter at least in its sialic acid content and in some other carbohydrate moieties.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1981

gamma-Glutamyltransferase from human hepatoma tissue in comparison with normal liver enzyme.

gamma-Glutamyltransferase was solubilized from human hepatoma tissues by bromelain treatment, and some of its properties were compared with those of the normal adult liver enzyme. An electrophoretic study showed a slightly different mobility between the two enzymes before and after neuraminidase treatment. The hepatoma tissue enzyme was distinguished from the normal liver enzyme by decreased affinity to Con A. However, the enzymes from the two sources were found to be very similar or identical with respect to molecular weight, Michaelis constant, pH optimum, thermostability, effect of various L-amino acids as acceptors, behavior to divalent cations or ethylenediaminetetraacetate, inhibition by urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate, and immunological properties. These results suggest that the hepatoma tissue gamma-glutamyltransferase is largely due to altered glycosylation of this glycoprotein in hepatoma cells.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1981

Serum, fecal and urinary bile acids in patients with mild and advanced liver cirrhosis.

The levels and compositions of bile acids in the serum, feces and urine were determined by gas chromatography in male patients with mild and advanced stages of liver cirrhosis, defined by usual clinical and laboratory criteria. Increased concentrations of serum bile acids, a decreased ratio of serum cholic acid plus deoxycholic acid/chenodeoxycholic acid plus lithocholic acid, a reduction of fecal bile acids, especially deoxycholic acid, and a reduction in total daily excretion of bile acids were found in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Furthermore, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid, a presumed intermediate in the alternate pathway of chenodeoxycholic acid synthesis, was found in the urine of patients with very advanced cirrhosis. Such changes were absent in patients with mild cirrhosis except for increased concentration of serum bile acids and decreased excretion of total bile acids. The present study suggests that marked changes in bile acid metabolism occur only in advanced cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Morphologic and biochemical characteristics of human kidney cells in vitro.

In vitro cultivated cells derived from normal human renal cortex were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Although the epithelial monolayer was composed of heterogeneous cells, it included cells with a surface structure similar to microvilli as well as some resembling the desmosome between neighboring cells. Enzymatic studies revealed a marked decrease in alkaline phosphatase activity, and the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was also reduced to about one-fifth of that in the original tissue. The electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme was not identical with that of normal kidney or of the novel enzyme in renal neoplastic tissue. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was similar to that of normal kidney tissue but the isozyme pattern was completely inverted. These cells responded to the addition of 10 ng per ml of parathyroid hormone in culture medium and there was a 33 fold increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Estrogen specific binding protein was not detectable in the monolayer cells. These results clearly indicated that the biologic transformation observed in the cultivated normal cells was not attributable to simple fetalism or dedifferentiation, but was a more complicated process.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in a newly established cell line from human renal carcinoma, OUR-10.

A newly established cell line, OUR-10, from human renal carcinoma seems to have the same gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as the novel one which was found recently in renal carcinoma tissue; the enzymic properties such as electrophoretic mobility, Km value, molecular weight, thermostability, the effects of urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sulfhydryl reagents, the effects of amino acids, cations and EDTA, and the binding behavior to a concanavalin A-Sepharose column were the same as those of the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase found in renal carcinoma tissue. The immunological properties of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) of OUR-10 examined by inhibition tests and tests of cross-reactivity with anti-normal kidney GGTP antibody were also the same as those of the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. These results may mean that the novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase originates from the cancer cells, and can be used as a marker for identification of this cell line, OUR-10.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Renal cell carcinoma having heterogeneous histological appearance and homogeneous enzymatic property.

A case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting various histologic growth patterns, including papillary, tubular and solid arrangements, and an area resembling sarcoma are described. In order to identify RCC of high versatility of renal carcinosarcoma, electrophoretic studies of tissue alkaline phosphatase (Al-P) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), as well as histochemical studies of these enzymes, were conducted. The Al-P was proved to be bond type alone and the gamma-GTP corresponded with the novel isozyme associated with RCC tissue. Moreover, these two enzymes were found to be distributed in every part of different histologic appearance. It was concluded from these results that the histologic pleomorphism of the case herein reported was due to morphologic transformation of the neoplastic cells sharing essentially identical enzymatic nature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Lactate dehydrogenase in human renal carcinoma tissues.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and isoenzyme were determined in 27 human renal carcinoma (RC) tissues. Although LDH-1 and LDH-2 were predominant in the normal kidney, a completely inverted isoenzyme pattern was observed in 16 carcinomas. The others, however, showed either a normal or an incompletely inverted pattern. The LDH activity in the tumours with a completely inverted pattern was significantly higher than the activity of incompletely inverted or normal kidney pattern. It was also found that the isoenzyme pattern was more closely correlated with cell type than the grade of malignancy of the tumour, 14 out of the 16 cases of the completely inverted pattern being of the clear cell type, and 9 out of the 11 cases of incompletely inverted or normal kidney pattern being of either granular cell or mixed cell type. These results seemed to well substantiate an opinion that in clear cells anaerobic glycolysis provides a major energy source, whereas granular cells seek energy source primarily in TCA cycle and subsequent oxidative phosphorylation.

Adenocarcinoma↗