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Biomedical subjects

K Hermansen

Publications and source records attributed to K Hermansen.

156 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Anti-arrhythmic, local anaesthetic, and adrenergic blocking activity of some beta-receptor antagonists.

1. The antagonistic effect of the beta-receptor blocking compounds propranolol, Ph QA 33 and INPEA on ouabain-induced cardiac fibrillations in guinea-pigs was compared with their local anaesthetic and beta-receptor blocking properties.2. All three compounds were found capable of increasing the tolerance to ouabain and of reversing ouabain-induced fibrillations, the ED50 being 0.3 mg/kg intravenously, 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, and 1.5 mg/kg intravenously, respectively for propranolol, Ph QA 33 and INPEA.3. Propranolol and Ph QA 33 were found to be moderate to strong local anaesthetics while INPEA had a considerably weaker though significant effect.4. The order of potency as beta-receptor blocking compounds was propranolol >/= Ph QA 33 >> INPEA, the latter compound being less than 1% as active as propranolol.5. Despite the surprising finding that INPEA was effective against non-catecholamine-induced arrhythmias, the results support the general assumption that the anti-arrhythmic effect of beta-receptor blocking compounds is related to their local anaesthetic action rather than to their beta-blocking ability.

Amino Alcohols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on kidney function and size in IDDM patients: a 2 year controlled study.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), kidney volume, and urinary albumin excretion rate were measured in 24 insulin-dependent diabetics, aged 29 +/- 7 years (mean +/- SD) with diabetes duration of 8 +/- 4 years who were randomly allocated to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (n = 12) or unchanged conventional insulin treatment (CIT) (n = 12). GFR, RPF, and kidney volume were identical but significantly increased above normal values in the two groups at the start of the study. After 24 months of CSII treatment, significant reduction in GFR was seen compared to pretreatment values (145 +/- 21 ml/min vs 139 +/- 21 ml/min, 2p less than 5.0%). However, RPF was not reduced after 24 months of CSII treatment (608 +/- 104 ml/min vs 601 +/- 106 ml/min). In the CIT group no changes in GFR or RPF was seen, and kidney volume remained unchanged in both groups; urinary albumin excretion was normal or near normal in both groups and remained unchanged. Thus, improved glycemic control in long-term IDDM patients is associated with normalization (reduction) of renal "hyperfunction," but despite this, no reduction was seen in the associated nephromegaly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Near normoglycemia for 1 year has no effect on platelet reactivity, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a controlled trial.

The impact of prolonged near-normoglycemia on platelet reactivity (spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation), factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) was evaluated in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Twenty IDDM patients with no or only minor clinical signs of microvascular disease were randomly assigned to 1 year of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or unchanged conventional insulin treatment (CIT). Hemoglobin A1c declined during the 12 month observation period from 7.3 +/- 1.2% to 6.4 +/- 0.9% (2p less than 0.01) in the CSII group, while this measure of glycemic control was unchanged in the CIT group: 7.2 +/- 1.1% vs 8.0 +/- 1.6% (NS). Platelet reactivity, factor VIII, and von Willebrand factor concentrations were identical in the two groups at entry into the study, and no significant changes in these variables were seen in either group. Thus, the present results do not support the concept of increased platelet reactivity following CSII treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to rolled oats ingested raw, cooked or as a mixture with raisins in normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients.

Cooking and processing of food may account for differences in blood glucose and insulin responses to food with similar contents of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The present study was carried out to see if short-term cooking of rolled oats caused an increase in blood glucose. Furthermore, we wanted to see if dried fruit could substitute for some of the starch without deterioration of the postprandial blood glucose response. We therefore compared the blood glucose and insulin responses to three isocaloric, carbohydrate equivalent meals in 11 normal subjects and 9 Type 2 diabetic patients. Meals composed either of raw rolled oats, oatmeal porridge or a mixture of raw rolled oats with raisins were served. In normal subjects, the three meals produced similar glucose (75 +/- 22, 51 +/- 16 and 71 +/- 23 (+/- SE) mmol l-1 180 min, respectively) and insulin response curves (3160 +/- 507, 2985 +/- 632 and 2775 +/- 398 mU l-1 180 min, respectively). Type 2 diabetic patients also showed similar postprandial blood glucose (515 +/- 95, 531 +/- 83 and 409 +/- 46 mmol l-1 180 min, respectively) and insulin (5121 +/- 850, 6434 +/- 927 and 6021 +/- 974 mU l-1 180 min, respectively) responses to the three meals. Thus short-term cooking of rolled oats has no deleterious effect on blood glucose and insulin responses, and substitution of 25% of the starch meal with simple sugars (raisins) did not affect the blood glucose or insulin responses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glycemic effects of spaghetti and potato consumed as part of mixed meal on IDDM patients.

Recently, we demonstrated that spaghetti caused a significantly lower glycemic response in isoinsulinemic insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) subjects than an exchangeable amount of potato. The question is, however, whether the difference of the glucose response in IDDM patients is preserved if these carbohydrate-rich foods are taken as part of a mixed meal. To answer this question, we evaluated blood glucose, free-insulin, and glucagon responses to exchangeable amounts of spaghetti and potato when ingested together with bolognese sauce in seven IDDM patients who had attained euglycemia with the artificial pancreas before meal intake. The potato (200 g raw wt) with bolognese sauce (167 g) and spaghetti (50 g raw wt) with bolognese sauce (167 g) had approximately identical caloric content (435 and 447 kcal, respectively), fat (18 g each), protein (23 and 26 g, respectively), and carbohydrate (47 and 48 g, respectively). Blood glucose increment after white spaghetti and bolognese sauce was only approximately 50% of that seen in response to potato and bolognese sauce. Similar constant insulin levels and increments in glucagon were seen. A major determinant of the postmeal glucose rise in IDDM patients seems to be dependent on the kind of carbohydrate in the meal. The approach by which the insulinemia was kept constant by the artificial pancreas seems to be a valuable tool for studying glycemic responses to different meals in IDDM patients who otherwise show great variations in circulating insulin and glucose levels when treated by subcutaneously administered insulin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin action in insulin-dependent diabetics after short-term thiazide therapy.

The influence of short-term thiazide treatment on peripheral tissue and liver sensitivity to insulin in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was determined by the euglycemic insulin clamp technique. A sequential three-step hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed in six insulin-dependent diabetics before and after 2 wk of hydroflumethiazide (HFT) administration in a daily dose of 75 mg. Insulin was infused at rates of 0.5, 2.0, and 4.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1, and each dose was given for at least 120 min. Glucose uptake during the last 30 min of each step was almost identical in the two situations (2.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1, 9.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.7 +/- 1.2 mg X kg-1 X min-1, and 12.0 +/- 1.3 vs. 12.6 +/- 1.5 mg X kg-1 X min-1). Serum insulin levels were also similar, and blood glucose was kept at 100 +/- 3, 99 +/- 4, and 97 +/- 3 mg/dl before thiazides and at 93 +/- 6, 93 +/- 6, and 94 +/- 6 mg/dl after thiazides. Another five insulin-dependent diabetics were infused with tritiated glucose followed by insulin infusion at two rates: 0.45 and 1.0 mU X kg-1 X min-1. Basal glucose output was comparable before and after thiazides (3.63 +/- 0.24 vs. 2.97 +/- 0.26 mg X kg-1 X min-1), as was the liver response to increasing insulin concentrations. The metabolic state as assessed by HbA1c and fasting blood glucose did not differ in the two experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗