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Biomedical subjects

K Helmke

Publications and source records attributed to K Helmke.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[The value of CT in the diagnosis of tumours of the cerebello-pontine angle. Comparison of various radiological, clinical and otological examination].

An attempt has been made to define the role of CT in the diagnosis of cerebello-pontine angle tumours; 190 patients with this suspected diagnosis were examined by CT (including intravenous contrast enhancement and CT air cisternography) as well as other radiological, otological, neurological and audiometric investigations. Amongst these methods, CT is of most value. A knowledge of the variations of the internal auditory meatus and measurements of the porus acousticus are essential for evaluating the computer tomographic appearances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Immunohistologic determination of a tumor marker (CEA) in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract].

CEA levels in serum are not reliable markers of tumors. In this paper a method for determination of this antigen for tissue sections is given. Histology, immunohistology and serum levels of CEA were compared. Tissue sections were obtained by surgical and endoscopic techniques. In several cases there was a discrepancy between serological and morphological results. Based on recent investigations elevated CEA levels might be only useful in reflecting a relapse of carcinoma of the colon. Immunohistological determinations were done by IFT and PAP-method. The results of both assay systems were comparable. CEA could be also detected in benign neoplasiogenic tissue, i.e. in tubular type of adenomatose polyps and in ulcerative colitis. Both diseases are known to become malignant at an high degree. By contrast no CEA could be detected in hyperplasiogenic polyps. Detection of CEA in malignant tissue might be useful for final classification of tumors. Occurrence of CEA in non malignant tissue should give rise to control in short regular intervals. Prospective studies might show the reliability of the CEA-bearing cells of non malignant tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Autoimmune phenomena in diabetes mellitus. On the pathogenetic and diagnostic significance].

The detection of islet cell antibodies lead to an increasing interest in autoimmune mechanisms in Typ I diabetes mellitus. Other phenomena such as insulitis in juvenile diabetics and in experimental animals, cellular immune reactions and concomitant antibodies against other endocrine organs, antinuclear antibodies and circulating immune complexes supported these suggestions. HLA-association and viral infections could be predisposing and inducing factors, although there are no clear correlations to any viral infection in a larger number of patients so far. For clinical and therapeutic purposes there are not enough sufficient criteria to demonstrate a pathologic autoimmune process in patients before developing diabetes. Up to now there is no realistic possibility and justification for starting an early immunosuppressive therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Computer tomography image of brain changes in an adult following resuscitation].

First description of a CT cerebral finding in an adult who had suffered cardiac arrest 14 days prior to CT and had been reanimated. Parts of the cerebral cortex, the thalamus and the brain stem ganglia appear moderately hyperdense; after injection of contrast medium there was a marked enhancement in these regions of the brain. The possible neuropathological correlate of this CT finding is discussed on the basis of relevant literature.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

Embolization with "Ethibloc" of vascular tumors and arteriovenous malformations in the head and neck.

"Ethibloc" has been used almost exclusively until now for embolization of tumors and bleeding vessels in the liver and kidney. Unlike with Gelfoam-particles, there is no recanalization. The resorption occurs so slowly that there is no interference with the necrosis of the embolized tumor. Due to its low viscosity, it passes catheters with thin lumina and fills the capillary bed of the tumor without danger danger of reaching the venous vessels. In this paper we describe a new technic of percutaneous catheter-embolization with Ethibloc using a coaxial catheter which we believe enhances safety and effectiveness. It has been successfully used in five patients. In the meantime two more patients have been treated successfully.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Computer tomography in malformations, inflammatory and degenerative changes in the spine].

Technical improvements and the use of intrathecal Metrizamide have made computer tomography of the spine a valuable diagnostic method. The value of CT in demonstrating morphological changes in the spine was investigated in 77 examinations of congenital malformation or inflammatory and degenerative disease. Measurements of the spinal canal provide more accurate information than conventional radiology and these are discussed. Intradural injection of contrast medium makes it possible to diagnose abnormalities of the cord by means of CT. Inflammatory changes in the spine and in the paraspinal soft tissues are shown at an early stage. A diagnosis of tumour can be confirmed by CT-controlled needle biopsy. It is usually possible to demonstrate disc prolapse without the use of contrast medium. On the other hand, the investigation of pain following disc operations remains a difficult problem.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

[Antinuclear antibodies in diagnosis of rheumatic diseases (author's transl)].

Hundred ana-positive sera--60 sera of SLE-patients and 40 sera of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis--were investigated for ana and DNA-antibodies. For these purposes nine different methods including several radioimmunological and immunofluorescence techniques with partially distinct antigen-specificities were tested. While the radioimmunoassays showed only slightly different results, significant differences in sensitivity as well as in antibody specificity existed mainly in the indirect immunofluorescence techniques using different substrates. For clinical use, a combination of various techniques seemed to be useful i.e. indirect immunofluorescence on hemolysed bird erythrocytes and on frozen native rat liver sections. For DNA-antibodies in diagnosis and control during the course of the diseases the radioimmunoassay with simultaneous detection of antibodies to single- and double stranded DNA is most suitable. Antibodies to distinct nuclear antigens are detectable in various amount in the rheumatic diseases. While ds-DNA-antibodies seemed to be most specific for SLE, ss-DNA-antibodies occurred in nearly all ana-positive sera and seemed to be less specific for one disease than all the other ana-fractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An improved balloon catheter technique for the occlusion of carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas (CCF).

By means of a case report a shortcoming of balloon catheter techniques for intravascular occlusion of CCF is demonstrated: the procedure by which the balloon is detached from the filling catheter is unreliable and may further traumatise the vessel wall. We describe a new technique that allows careful, gentle, and effortless detachment of the balloon by means of a melting-off technic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Determination of thyroid hormone antibodies and their clinical relevance (author's transl)].

In 20 out of 94 cases of selected patients suffering from various thyroid diseases antibodies against thyroxine and trijodthyronine were detected. The patients were striking either because of a disturbed thyroid feed back mechanism or by the need of an increased dosage of L-thyroxine (500 microgram) for treatment. Other patients had inappropriate thyroid hormone levels not correlated to the clinical situation. Thyroid hormone-antibodies were detected using a skin test with synthetic hormones leading to an Arthus like reaction. This method turned out to be specific but not as sensitive as antibody determination by a radioimmunological technique. Hormone antibodies were reproducably detected only, when the antibodies were precipitated by anti-Ig. Using PEG or (NH4)2SO4 for antibody precipitation also other proteins such as albumin and prealbumin were found in the sediment. These proteins are able to bind thyroid hormones as well and therefore the measured activity of labelled hormones does not correspond to the selective antibody reaction with the hormone. With regard to the clinical relevance of these hormone autoantibodies it is important, to which sites of the hormones the antibodies combine. Treatment is only necessary, when patients show hypothyroid symptoms. L-thyroxin may be necessary in higher dosage than usually needed. In 4 cases therapy even with corticosteroids had to be used in order to suppress antibody production or action.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Immunological diagnosis of connective tissue diseases (author's transl)].

Collagenoses are diseases which belong to rheumatological disorders however are not easily defined. Especially at the beginning they may show various symptoms typical for one or the other well defined entity as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis or lupus erythematodes. Etiology and pathogenesis are nearly unknown. The attempt is made by the author with differentiated descriptions of the multiple laboratory parameters to facilitate the diagnostic classification.

Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
PubMed1978

[Detection of circulating immune complexes using a laser-nephelometric assay (author's transl)].

Using Laser nephelometric measurement a method is described to detect immune complexes, which seems to be suitable for routine studies as well as for specific complex characterisation. Tetanus-Antitetanus complexes are used as standard thus the result is expressed as tetanus complex units (TCU). The method is simple and permits the direct measurement of complexes in native sera. Furthermore it is possible to characterise the complexes either by the immuno-globuline class of the antibody involved or the antigen respectively. Complexes were found with this method in various frequency in all but one group of patients under study (SLE, RA, other connective tissue diseases, malignomas, myelomas, thyroiditis, Grave's disease and healthy controls). Their was a high correlation with two other common techniques to measure immune complexes, e.g. C1q-deviation and C1q-PEG precipitation.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1976

Islet transplantation in experimental diabetes of the rat. IV. The influence of transplantation site and of histocompatibility on islet function.

Experimental islet transplantations in pancreatectomized and streptozotocin-treated diabetic allogeneic and partially inbred rats are considered with respect to transplantation site and immunological factors responsible for survival. It could be shown that transplantation into the liver and into the lung in both systems (allogeneic and partially inbred) was accompanied by longer survival of the islets compared with the following regions: subcutaneous tissue, muscle, epididymal fat tissue, peritoneal cavity. This indicates that not only immunological but also factors of blood supply (oxygen consumption?)play a role in the survival of the grafts. - The success of transplantation depends mainly on histocompatibility. Partially inbred rats showed significantly longer survival of islets than non-inbred rats. The studies of other groups using similar experimental models are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Clinical and prognostic significance of antinuclear factors during D-penicillamine treatment (author's transl)].

Antinuclear factors were demonstrated during D-penicillamine treatment in patients with rheumatiod arthritis (72) and scleroderma (7). While in 13 antinuclear factors were demonstrable already before treatment was started, they occurred in the course of treatment in another 34. D-penicillamine administration had to be discontinued in 18 because of severe side effects, with a marked correlation between their severity and the presence of antinuclear factors. Side effects requiring stoppage of the drug were especially common in patients who had antinuclear factors even before onset of treatment. The severest complication of D-penincillamine treatment, renal damage, was found only in patients with antinuclear factors, in this instance antibodies against denatured DNA. The following therapeutic consequences should be drawn from these findings: (1) D-penicillamine should, if possible, not be given to any patient with antinuclear factors; (2) in patients in whom antinuclear factors occur in the course of D-penicillamine treatment but its administration is to be continued, blood picture, renal functions and urine must be regularly tested.

Adult↗