Analysis of microchimerism in peripheral blood by short tandem repeat sequences immediately after living related liver transplantation.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
K Hatakeyama
Publications and source records attributed to K Hatakeyama.
Cervical lymphadenectomy is beneficial for patients with carcinoma of the upper and mid-thoracic esophagus.
The role of cervical lymphadenectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer is controversial. This study evaluated the impact of cervical lymphadenectomy on the cervical lymph node metastasis (LNM) and survival rates of patients with esophageal cancer. We analyzed 199 patients who received radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy. The overall 5-year survival rate was 49.4%. Cervical LNM was found in 36 (18.1%) out of the 199 patients. The 5-year survival rates of the patients with cervical LNM from upper and mid-esophageal cancers were 71.4% and 35.9%, respectively. However, none of the patients with cervical LNM from lower esophageal cancer survived more than 4 years after esophagectomy. The overall survival of patients with five or more metastatic nodes (5.9%) was significantly worse than that of patients with less than five positive nodes (45.5%). Cervical lymphadenectomy is beneficial for patients with carcinoma of the upper and mid-thoracic esophagus, and with less than five positive nodes.
Adult↗
Hepatitis viral status affects the pattern of intrahepatic recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
AIM: To define whether the patterns of intrahepatic recurrence after resection for hepatocellular carcinoma differ according to hepatitis viral status. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients undergoing a curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma were divided into three groups: the C-viral group (n=55), which tested positive for hepatitis C antibody; the B-viral group (n=32), which tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen; and the non-B non-C (NBNC) group (n=24), which tested negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis C antibody. The long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The pattern of development of intrahepatic recurrence differed between the NBNC group and the other groups: the cumulative probability of intrahepatic recurrence reached a plateau at 2.4 years after resection in the NBNC group, while it continued to increase steadily in the hepatitis viral groups. The C-viral group showed a higher incidence of intrahepatic recurrence than the other groups by univariate (P=0.0306) and multivariate (relative risk=1.69, P=0.0429) analyses. Multiple intrahepatic recurrent lesions were more common in the C-viral group (P=0.0457). CONCLUSIONS: Multicentric carcinogenesis in the remnant liver was less common in the NBNC group than in hepatitis viral groups. Hepatitis C virus infection is a significant risk factor for intrahepatic recurrence after resection and is also associated with multiple intrahepatic recurrent lesions.
Adolescent↗
Involvement of plasma leptin, insulin and free tryptophan in cytokine-induced anorexia.
BACKGROUND: Hypothalamic serotonin, the synthesis of which parallels plasma free tryptophan, contributes to satiety. Plasma free tryptophan, insulin and leptin, all of which can also decrease food intake partly via the hypothalamic serotonergic system, are modulated by cytokines, which decrease food intake. The mechanisms of anorexia induced by cytokines, as related to plasma tryptophan, leptin and insulin, have not been fully determined. OBJECTIVE: We determined the plasma concentrations of free as well as total tryptophan, leptin and insulin, and correlations to those of food intake and body weight change after cytokines or tryptophan injection. DESIGN: Interleukin-1alpha and/or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or tryptophan was injected subcutaneously into male rats for 2 days. Daily food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity, plasma total as well as free tryptophan, plasma leptin and insulin were measured. RESULTS: Interleukin-1alpha injection decreased food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity and plasma leptin, but increased plasma free tryptophan and insulin. Tryptophan injection increased both free and total tryptophan, but did not change food intake, body weight, carcass adiposity or leptin. Plasma free tryptophan, but not total tryptophan, was significantly negatively correlated with food intake. There was a negative correlation between plasma insulin and food intake. CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma free tryptophan may contribute to synthesis of brain serotonin but anorexia may be due to stimulation of its release induced by interleukin-1alpha. Plasma insulin, but not leptin, may partly contribute to anorexia of cytokines.
Adipose Tissue↗
MR imaging of uncommon recurrence of fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the ulnar nerve.
We present the MR and histopathologic findings of fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) of the ulnar nerve in a 54-year-old woman, a lipomatous process that rarely affects the ulnar nerve. The case illustrated is further unusual as a local soft tissue recurrent mass developed over a remarkably long course of the disease.
Female↗
Significance of immunohistochemical nodal micrometastasis as a prognostic indicator in potentially curable oesophageal carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: The number of positive lymph nodes is an important prognostic predictor in patients with oesophageal cancer. However, the significance of nodal micrometastasis in patients with overt nodal metastasis is unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical implications of nodal micrometastasis in patients undergoing curative oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer. METHODS: Cervical, mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes systematically removed from 104 patients with oesophageal cancer were examined immunohistochemically to detect cells that stained positively for cytokeratins with the monoclonal antibody cocktail AE1/AE3. The postoperative course and survival rates were compared among patients with and without micrometastases, after numerical classification of overt metastatic nodes (none, between one and four, five or more). RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed T stage, nodal micrometastasis and number of overt nodal metastases to be significant prognostic factors after oesophagectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed nodal micrometastasis and number of overt nodal metastases to be independent prognostic factors. The presence of micrometastases had a significant adverse effect on postoperative survival in patients with no overt metastasis and in patients with one to four overt metastatic nodes, but no such impact in patients with five or more overt metastatic nodes. CONCLUSION: Assessment of nodal status by both histological examination for overt metastases and immunohistochemical examination for micrometastases is useful in stratifying patients undergoing curative oesophagectomy.
Adult↗
CD161+ T (NT) cells exist predominantly in human intestinal epithelium as well as in liver.
It has been reported that human CD161 (NKR-P1A)+ T cells are counterparts of murine natural T (NT) cells and predominantly accumulate in the liver. However, NT cells in the human intestine have not been well analysed. The aim of this study was to assess the existence of NT cells in human intestinal epithelium and determine their phenotypical characterization. Intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were isolated from surgical specimens (jejunum, ileum and colon). The surface phenotype of IEL was analysed using a FACScan and compared with that of mononuclear cells (MNC) from other organs. CD161+ T cells were abundant in human intestinal epithelium as well as the liver. The majority of CD161+ T cells in IEL were CD8+ cells. About 50% of CD161+ T cells in hepatic lymphocytes (HL) expressed CD56, whereas only 14% of CD161+ T cells in IEL expressed CD56. The jejunum showed the greatest abundance of CD161+ T cells among the intestinal regions investigated. These results suggest that CD161+ T (NT) cells predominantly exist in human intestinal epithelium and may play an important role in local immunity.
Antigens, Surface↗
Simultaneous activation of natural killer T cells and autoantibody production in mice injected with denatured syngeneic liver tissue.
Denatured syngeneic liver tissue prepared by mechanical procedures was intraperitoneally injected into adult C57BL/6 mice. In parallel with a decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in the liver, spleen, and thymus from days 1-7 after the injection, the proportion of the CD4+NK1.1+CD3(int) subset of these cells (i.e. natural killer T or NKT cells) increased in the liver. Even the absolute number of these NKT cells increased in the liver on days 14 and 21. In response to the injection of denatured liver tissue, tissue damage was induced in the liver, as shown by elevated levels of serum transaminases and hepatocyte degeneration observed by electron microscopy. Sera obtained on days 7 and 14 contained autoantibodies including anti-DNA antibodies. The proportion of CD1d(high)B cells in the liver was found to decrease on days 1-7. In other words, denatured liver tissue stimulated both NKT cells and certain B cells in the liver. These results suggest that liver lymphocytes might contain not only autoreactive T cells (e.g. CD3(int) or NKT cells) but also some B cells (e.g. B-1 cells) which produce autoantibodies and that the denatured tissue had the potential to stimulate these lymphocytes and to evoke an autoimmune-like state.
Animals↗
Computed tomographic features of hepatocellular carcinoma predict long-term survival after hepatic resection.
AIM: To evaluate the potential of computed tomographic features of hepatocellular carcinoma as prognostic factors. METHODS: Medical records for 112 patients who had undergone a partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The largest hepatic tumour in each patient was classified by pre-operative computed tomographic features as lobular configurations with indentations showing an acute angle, or non-lobular configuration without such indentations. RESULTS: Twenty-six tumours were lobular and 86 were non-lobular. The outcome after hepatectomy was significantly worse in patients with lobular tumours (cumulative 5-year survival rate of 19.9%) than with non-lobular ones (that of 75.2%) (P<0.001). Cox's proportional hazards model showed computed tomographic features (P=0.0025), cirrhosis (P=0.0033), and tumour size (P=0.0412) to be independent prognostic factors. A lobular configuration was associated with satellite nodules (P<0.001), portal vein invasion (P=0.021), and extrahepatic tumour relapse (P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomographic features represent a strong prognostic factor in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma, and are likely to accurately reflect the tumour biology. Configuration, size of the hepatic tumour and presence of cirrhosis are the most important prognostic imaging findings in these patients.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Effect of size of a secundum atrial septal defect on shunt volume.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Characterization of expressed genes in the SLL2 region of self-compatible Arabidopsis thaliana.
Self-incompatibility in Brassica species is regulated by a set of S-locus genes: SLG, SRK, and SP11/SCR. In the vicinity of the S-locus genes, several expressed genes, SLL2 and SP2/ClpP, etc., were identified in B. campestris. Arabidopsis thaliana is a self-compatible Brassica relative, and its complete genome has been sequenced. From comparison of the genomic sequences between B. campestris and A. thaliana, microsynteny between gene clusters of Arabidopsis and Brassica SLL2 regions was observed, though the S-locus genes, SLG, SRK, and SP11/SCR were not found in the region of Arabidopsis. Almost all genes predicted in this region of Arabidopsis were expressed in both vegetative and reproductive organs, suggesting that the genes in the SLL2 region might not be related to self-incompatibility. Considering the recent speculation that the S-locus genes were translocated as a single unit between Arabidopsis and Brassica, the translocation might have occurred in the region between the SLL2 and SP7 genes.
Arabidopsis↗
Cloning of a new aquaporin (AQP10) abundantly expressed in duodenum and jejunum.
A new aquaporin (AQP10) was identified in human small intestine. This gene encoded a 264-amino-acid protein with high sequence identity with AQP3 (53%), 9 (52%), and 7 (43%). These AQPs constitute one subfamily of AQP family that is differentiated from the other subfamily of AQP (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8) by sequence homology. Ribonuclease protection assay and Northern blotting demonstrated almost exclusive expression of AQP10 mRNA in the duodenum and jejunum. In situ hybridization localized it in absorptive jejunal epithelial cells. Xenopus oocytes expressing AQP10 exhibited an increased osmotic water permeability in a mercury-sensitive manner. Although AQP10 belongs to the AQP subfamily, which has been characterized by permeability to water and neutral solutes such as urea and glycerol, it was not permeable to urea nor glycerol. The specific expression of AQP10 suggests its contribution to the water transport in the upper portion of small intestine.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Genetic loci controlling susceptibility to gamma-ray-induced thymic lymphoma.
BALB/c is a susceptible strain for the development of gamma-ray induced mouse thymic lymphoma whereas MSM shows resistance. Association analysis of 220 backcross mice between the two strains using 67 markers was carried out to identify loci involved in the control of susceptibility. The genotype of mice with lymphoma showed excess heterozygosity relative to MSM homozygosity at D2Mit15 and D4Mit12 and was skewed toward MSM-derived alleles at D5Mit5. The P values in Mantel-Cox test were 0.0048 (D2Mit15), 0.0034 (D4Mit12) and 0.0048 (D5Mit5), suggesting association at the three loci in the susceptibility. Cooperative effect on lymphomagenesis was also observed among the three loci. To obtain independent evidence for linkage at D4Mit12, we made partially congenic mice in which a D4Mit12 region in BALB/c was replaced by MSM-derived homolog. Examination for the lymphoma susceptibility in 78 progeny of the congenic mice confirmed the effect of the locus near D4Mit12 (P=0.0037). The result, together with the linkage analysis, shows that the locus near D4Mit12 is regarded as a confirmed linkage but the other two loci as marginally suggestive.
Alleles↗
Preparation and crystallization of the stimulatory and inhibitory complexes of GTP cyclohydrolase I and its feedback regulatory protein GFRP.
Mammalian GTP cyclohydrolase I is a decameric enzyme in the first and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is an essential cofactor for enzymes producing neurotransmitters such as catecholamines and for nitric oxide synthases. The enzyme is dually regulated by its feedback regulatory protein GFRP in the presence of its stimulatory effector phenylalanine and its inhibitory effector biopterin. Here, both the stimulatory and inhibitory complexes of rat GTP cyclohydrolase I bound to GFRP were crystallized by vapour diffusion. Diffraction data sets at resolutions of 3.0 and 2.64 A were collected for the stimulatory and inhibitory complexes, respectively. Each complex consists of two GTPCHI pentamer rings and two GFRP pentamer rings, with pseudo-52 point-group symmetry.
Animals↗
GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein-dependent and -independent inhibitors of GTP cyclohydrolase I.
GTP cyclohydrolase I feedback regulatory protein (GFRP) mediates the feedback inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I activity by (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) through protein complex formation. Since guanine and BH4 have a common pyrimidine ring structure, we examined the inhibitory effect of guanine and its analogs on the enzyme activity. Guanine, 8-hydroxyguanine, 8-methylguanine, and 8-bromoguanine inhibited the enzyme activity in a GFRP-dependent and pH-dependent manner and induced complex formation between GTP cyclohydrolase I and GFRP. The type of inhibition by this group is a mixed type. All these properties were shared with BH4. In striking contrast, inhibition by 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine was GFRP-independent and pH-independent. The type of inhibition by 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine was a competitive type. The two compounds did not induce complex formation between the enzyme and GFRP. These results demonstrate that guanine compounds of the first group bind to the BH4-binding site of the GTP cyclohydrolase I/GFRP complex, whereas 8-azaguanine and 8-mercaptoguanine bind to the active site of the enzyme. Finally, the possible implications in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and Parkinson diseases of the inhibition of GTP cyclohydrolase I by guanine and 8-hydroxyguanine are discussed.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Allelic loss mapping and physical delineation of a region harboring a thymic lymphoma suppressor gene on mouse chromosome 16.
Our previous mapping of allelic loss in gamma-ray induced thymic lymphomas in F(1) hybrid and backcross mice between BALB/c and MSM strains identified three regions with high frequencies of allelic loss which probably harbor a tumor suppressor gene. One region, Tlsr7, exists near the D16 Mit122 locus on chromosome 16. This study has further localized Tlsr7 by constructing a physical map and scanning a total of 587 thymic lymphomas. The map consists of 13 overlapping BAC clones and isolation of BAC-derived polymorphic probes leads to fine mapping of allelic losses. Eleven lymphomas show informative breakpoints of allelic loss regions relative to the flanking markers on the map. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI digests of the clones shows that the commonly lost region is localized within an approximately 300 kb interval near D16Mit192. This map is invaluable to facilitate the identification of genes in the Tlsr7 region.
Alleles↗
Expression of Fas ligand is an early event in colorectal carcinogenesis.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fas ligand (FasL) is expressed in many cancers and plays an important role in establishing immunologically privileged environments that allow tumors to escape the host's immune surveillance. We investigate the expression of FasL in human colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma and elucidate the relationship between FasL expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancers. METHODS: We examined 214 colorectal cancer specimens and 83 colorectal adenoma specimens. Expression of FasL was determined by immunohistochemical staining using a specific monoclonal antibody. We analyzed the relationship between the results of FasL expression and clinicopathological data statistically. RESULTS: FasL expression was detected in 173 (80.8%) of 214 colorectal carcinomas and 34 (40.9%) of 83 colorectal adenomas. The status of FasL expression in colorectal carcinoma was independent of clinicopathological features including tumor stage, histologic grade, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, and Dukes stage. In colorectal adenoma, FasL expression was more frequently observed in high-grade atypia than in low-grade atypia (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: FasL expression is commonly observed not only in cancer but also in highly dysplastic tissue. These observations suggest that FasL expression may be an important event in the transformation process leading to adenocarcinoma.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Abundance of unconventional CD8(+) natural killer T cells in the large intestine.
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are mainly present in the liver and thymus, and the majority of these T cells express either a CD4(+) or a double-negative (DN) CD4(-)8(-) phenotype. In the present study, we examined whether such NKT cells were present in the intestine. NKT cells were rare in all sites of the small intestine, including an intraepithelial site. However, a considerable number of NKT cells were found at an intraepithelial site in the large intestine. This result was confirmed by both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. In contrast to conventional NKT cells, NKT cells in the large intestine were CD8(+) or DN CD4(-)8(-). In the case of conventional NKT cells, their existence is known to depend on non-classical MHC class I-like antigens (i. e. CD1d) but not on classical MHC class I antigens. However, the NKT cells in the large intestine were independent of the presence of both CD1d and classical MHC class I antigens. These results were obtained using knockout mice lacking the corresponding genes and molecules. NKT cells in the large intestine were mainly alpha betaTCR(+) (> 75 %) but did not use an invariant chain of Valpha14Jalpha281, which is preferentially used by conventional NKT cells. These NKT cells did not bias the TCR-Vbeta usage toward Vbeta8. These findings suggest that the large intestine is a site in which unconventional NKT cells carrying the CD8(+) phenotype (or DN CD4(-)8(-)) are abundant and that these cells are independent of MHC and MHC-like antigens.
Animals↗