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Biomedical subjects

K Hatakeyama

Publications and source records attributed to K Hatakeyama.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Electrogastrography prior to and following total gastrectomy, subtotal gastrectomy, and gastric tube formation.

On electrogastrography (EGG) spectral analysis, an activity of 3 cycles per minute (cpm) is supposed to be specific for the stomach. After total or subtotal gastrectomy, the original site of the stomach is occupied mainly by the intestine. We attempted to determine if intestinal activity could be recorded in this region with EGG. Epigastric recordings were performed in patients prior and following gastrointestinal or control surgeries. Spectral analysis, using the maximal entropy method and ensemble means was applied to data analysis from these recordings. Preoperatively, the majority of the power peaks were found around 3, 6, and 11 cpm. The postprandial-to-fasting power ratio of all of these power peaks increased significantly postprandially (P < 0.05-0.01). Following total gastrectomy, the power peak around 3 cpm disappeared or was significantly diminished in amplitude (P < 0.05). The postoperative-to-preoperative power ratio ranged from 0.03 to 0.10 (P < 0.001-0.01). However, the power peak around 11 cpm did not significantly change prior to or following total gastrectomy, and the 11 cpm peak appeared relatively dominant. Simultaneous manometric studies in the Roux limb demonstrated a correlation between the power spectral frequency of EGG and manometry at 11 cpm. Therefore, the 11 cpm peak appeared to reflect jejunal or Roux limb electrical activity. The postoperative to preoperative power ratio for the 3 cpm also was significantly reduced following subtotal gastrectomy and gastric tube formation in patients in the postprandial state (P < 0.05-0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hepatic functional reserve in patients with obstructive jaundice: an assessment by the redox tolerance test.

PURPOSE: Hepatic mitochondrial response to oral glucose load (redox tolerance test) was evaluated as an indicator of hepatic functional reserve of patients with obstructive jaundice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The redox tolerance test was performed in 29 patients with obstructive jaundice before percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage and 2 weeks after the procedure. RESULTS: The redox tolerance index (RTI) before drainage was not related to conventional parameters other than albumin, but was significantly associated with bilirubin half-life (P < 0.01). Of 19 patients with an RTI > or = 0.5 before drainage, all maintained similar values after drainage and experienced satisfactory clinical courses, even after major surgery. Of 10 patients with an RTI < 0.5 before drainage, 5 showed improvement and 5 deteriorated after drainage. Four of the latter 5 died within 60 days after drainage. The hospital mortality was significantly greater in patients with initial RTI < 0.5 than in patients with RTI > or = 0.5 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The redox tolerance test is useful for evaluating hepatic functional reserve and prognosis in patients with obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Chemotherapy of human small-cell gastrointestinal carcinoma xenografts in nude mice.

We established two xenografts of small-cell carcinoma (SCC) arising in the oesophagus or the stomach, designated TEG13 and TSG15, and investigated the responses to experimental chemotherapy on these strains. Both tumours were classified as the intermediate cell type of SCC composed of small cells having neuroendocrine features in terms of morphology, argyrophil property, and immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase. Mitomycin C, cisplatin, and cyclophosphamide were judged to be effective against both strains. Particularly, cisplatin produced almost complete regression of tumour growth of the TEG13 strain. Etoposide proved effective only against the TSG15 strain. Moreover, the combined treatment with etoposide and cisplatin produced the most pronounced antitumour effect against the TSG15 strain. These studies suggest that cisplatin may be a key drug for chemotherapy of oesophageal SCC, and etoposide plus cisplatin treatment may be especially recommended in the treatment of gastric SCC. Mitomycin C should be re-evaluated in gastrointestinal SCC.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Origin of CD57+ T cells which increase at tumour sites in patients with colorectal cancer.

Human T cells carrying natural killer (NK) markers, CD57 or CD56 antigens, appear to be distinguishable from other T cell subsets in terms of their granular lymphocyte morphology and their numerical increase in patients with AIDS and in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. At the beginning of this study, we observed that CD57+ T cells as well as CD56+ T cells were abundant at tumour sites in many patients with colorectal cancer. Since all these findings for CD57+ T cells are quite similar to those of extrathymic T cells seen in mice, we investigated how CD57+ T cells are distributed to various immune organs in humans. They were found to be present mainly in the bone marrow and liver, but to be completely absent in the thymus. Similar to the case of extrathymic T cells in mice, they were observed to consist of double-negative CD4-8- subsets as well as single-positive subsets (preponderance of CD8+ cells), and to contain a considerable proportion of gamma delta T cells. These features are striking when compared with those of CD57- T cells, which are characterized by an abundance of CD4+ subsets and alpha beta T cells. Not only at tumour sites but also in the peripheral blood, some patients with colorectal cancer displayed elevated levels of CD57+ cells. These results suggest that CD57+ T cells may be of extrathymic origin, possibly originating in the bone marrow and liver, and may be associated with tumour immunity, similar to another extrathymic population of CD56+ T cells in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

p53 immunostaining distinguishes malignant from benign lesions of the gall-bladder.

The expression of p53 protein was studied in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of 41 well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of the gall-bladder, six cases of acute cholecystitis and 23 cases of chronic cholecystitis, using a monoclonal p53 (PAb 1801) antibody and streptavidin-biotin. p53 staining was divided into diffuse, focal or sporadic patterns. The relationship between the p53 Labeling Index (p53 LI) and cellular proliferation was also investigated using monoclonal Ki-67 (MIB1) antibody. Twenty-four of the 41 carcinomas (58.5%) had a diffuse staining pattern with a high p53 LI (47-93%) and 9.8% (4/41) had a focal staining pattern with an intermediate p53 LI (22-34%), with no relation to pT stage, tumor size, histologic type or grade of cytologic atypia. The p53 LI was higher than the Ki-67 LI in these tumors except for one. On the other hand, p53 staining was completely sporadic in the non-neoplastic specimens with a low p53 LI (0.2-2.8%). The p53-positive cells in these specimens were located only within areas of Ki-67-positive cells. In conclusion, p53-protein overexpression occurs as an early event in approximately 70% of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas of the gall-bladder, and this alteration is maintained during progression from intramucosal to invasive carcinoma. p53 immunostaining can distinguish malignant from benign lesions of the gall-bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Intestinal fatty acid binding protein is available for diagnosis of intestinal ischaemia: immunochemical analysis of two patients with ischaemic intestinal diseases.

Mesenteric infarction and other acute ischaemic intestinal diseases are still a challenging diagnostic problem. Based on animal experiments, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), which is uniquely localised to the bowel, has recently been proposed as a new serum marker for intestinal ischaemia. This paper reports on two cases with acute intestinal ischaemic diseases, and the measurement of serum I-FABP by western blot analysis. The concentrations of ordinary serum markers were normal and the bowel necrosis was not diagnosed until surgical exploration. Immunochemical analysis showed that the I-FABP concentrations in the patients' serum samples were high at the time of admission, and that I-FABP was undetectable in the samples obtained after bowel resection and in healthy control subjects. This paper suggests that I-FABP is released into the circulation in the acute phase of intestinal ischaemia and that I-FABP can be used in establishing the diagnosis of ischaemic intestinal diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of intermediate T-cell receptor cells expanding in the liver, thymus and other organs in autoimmune lpr mice: parallel analysis with their normal counterparts.

Autoimmune MRL-lpr/lpr (lpr) mice were previously demonstrated to have an abnormal proliferation of intermediate T-cell receptor (TCR) cells of extrathymic origin in the liver. Despite this situation, thymectomy in lpr mice resulted in amelioration of autoimmune disease. To understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated associated T-cell differentiation in the thymus and other organs of these mice. When the disease was evoked, T cells with extrathymic properties, i.e. intermediate TCR-alpha beta cells expressing double-negative (DN) CD4-8- phenotype and interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor beta-chain, became prominent not only in the liver, but also in the thymus. Such thymic T cells mainly resided in the medulla. A small-scale localization of such T cells was seen in the thymic medulla even in normal control mice. There was a heterogeneity among intermediate TCR cells in terms of the composition of DN cells and the expression of CD2 and B220 antigens, depending on the organs and the sites in the same organ. Intermediate TCR cells in the liver, thymus and autoimmune target organs (e.g. kidney) contained a high proportion of the active form (CD2+B220-), while intermediate TCR cells accumulating in peripheral organs, the spleen and lymph nodes, were mainly of the inactive form (CD2-B220+). The active form had an ability to proliferate in response to IL-2 and SEB, whereas the inactive form did not. The present results suggest that the proliferation of intermediate TCR cells occur at multiple sites; this may explain the effect of thymectomy, namely, the retarded onset of disease, in lpr mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Different characteristics of hepatoid and non-hepatoid alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinomas: an experimental study using xenografted tumors.

The characteristics, including metastatic potential, of 5 xenografts of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing gastric carcinomas in nude mice, designated TSG1, TSG3, TSG11, TSG17 and TSG20, were examined. Of these xenografts, TSG1, TSG11 and TSG20 were regarded as hepatoid adenocarcinomas based on their morphological resemblance to hepatocellular carcinoma, frequent immunoreactivity for liver-cell markers, and excessive production of AFP with a high concanavalin A (Con-A)-binding property of hepatic type. On the other hand, TSG3 and TSG17 tumors showed the features of poorly differentiated medullary adenocarcinoma with scattered AFP-positive cells consistent with low AFP levels in mouse sera, and negative immunoreactivity for other liver-cell markers. Ultrastructurally, these tumors were composed of undifferentiated cells with a little adenocarcinomatous differentiation. Moreover, the AFP produced by TSG3 and TSG17 tumors had an extremely high Con-A nonbound fraction (80% to 90%), which was different from that of the hepatic or yolk-sac types. Therefore, both TSG3 and TSG17 tumors were regarded as non-hepatoid, poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas which could be differentiated from any types of AFP-producing gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, cells from hepatoid adenocarcinoma strains (TSG1, TSG11 and TSG20) injected into the spleens of nude mice produced liver metastases in all the mice examined, whereas cells from non-hepatoid carcinoma strains (TSG3 and TSG17) produced few or no liver metastases. Our data show that some non-hepatoid AFP-producing gastric carcinomas have lower liver-metastasizing potential than hepatoid AFP-producing gastric carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Patterns of lymphatic spread in thoracic esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The cervical nodes have been excluded from the category of regional nodes in cases of thoracic esophageal cancer in the present TNM classifications. METHODS: One hundred and forty-one patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who had undergone extensive radical lymphadenectomy were included in the study. The patterns of early lymph node metastasis from the disease, in terms of lymph node metastases from the intramural tumors or those found in patients with a single metastatic node, were studied. Prognostic significance of the removal of the positive nodes also was examined in relation to the metastatic sites. RESULTS: Of the 47 patients with intramural cancer, only 21% had nodal metastases confined to the mediastinum, 11% had positive cervical nodes, and 23% had jumping metastases to the extramediastinal nodes. Of the 31 patients with a single metastatic node, 61% showed metastasis in a jumping fashion, and 19% had a positive node in the neck. Seventy-four (79.6%) of the 93 patients with vessel invasion also had lymph node metastases, whereas 20 (41.7%) of the 48 patients without vessel invasion had metastases to the lymph nodes (P < 0.001). The 5-year projected survival rate for patients with positive cervical nodes was 27%, with no significant difference in survival rate compared with that for patients with metastatic nodes in the mediastinum or the abdomen. The number of involved nodes was related significantly to outcome: The 5-year survival rates for the 45 patients with negative nodes the 66 patients with one to four positive nodes were 71.8 and 34.2%, respectively (P < 0.01), whereas none of the 27 patients with five or more positive nodes survived more than 3 years after the operation (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The cervical nodes should be included in the category of regional nodes in cases of thoracic esophageal cancer on the basis of the patterns of early lymph node metastases and the prognostic significance of a lymphadenectomy for metastases to these nodes.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1994

Liver regeneration is enhanced by omeprazole in rats following partial hepatectomy.

The effect of omeprazole on liver regeneration was studied in rats following partial (65 per cent) hepatectomy. Omeprazole 0.2 mg/kg increased the relative liver weight (weight of liver as a proportion of body-weight) and mitotic index (P < 0.05). There was no difference in food and water intake. The serum gastrin concentration was significantly higher in animals receiving omeprazole 0.2 mg/kg than in controls (P < 0.05). Omeprazole administration induced an increase in the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05) but had no effect on serum albumin, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and total bilirubin levels. Omeprazole stimulates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and this regeneration may be mediated by gastrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Obstructive jaundice caused by a cholesterol polyp of the gallbladder: report of a case.

We present herein the case of a 34-year-old man in whom obstructive jaundice was found to be caused by an impacted detached cholesterol polyp. A cholecystectomy with exploration of the common bile duct was performed after ultrasonography showed cholesterol polyps and stones in the gallbladder. Intraoperative cholangioscopy demonstrated an impacted cholesterol polyp at the distal end of the common bile duct which appeared to be detached from the gallbladder. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an impacted detached cholesterol polyp causing obstructive jaundice.

Adult↗