Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

K Hashizume

Publications and source records attributed to K Hashizume.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Systemic cytomegalovirus infection during postoperative chemoradiotherapy for malignant astrocytoma: case report with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

We report a patient with a systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, which occurred during postoperative chemoradiotherapy for a malignant astrocytoma. To our knowledge, there is no report that is especially focused on the association with a CMV infection. Interstitial pneumonia and gastrointestinal bleeding, which developed suddenly during postoperative chemoradiotherapy, resulted in the patient's death. A histopathological examination of the postmortem specimens revealed numerous "owl's eye" cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies, which were identified as CMV by immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization. The premortem diagnosis of CMV infection is usually difficult, because an anti-CMV titer can be nonspecifically elevated. With immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization, CMV in excretory or biopsy specimens can be identified and the diagnosis of CMV infection can be established. When serious pneumonia or massive gastrointestinal bleeding occurs during postoperative chemoradiotherapy, the differential diagnosis should include the possibility of CMV infection and we recommend an immunohistochemical examination and in situ hybridization for the detection of CMV.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of adrenocortical hyperplasia by computed tomography in patients with Cushing's Disease, idiopathic hyperaldosteronism and adrenogenital syndrome.

We assessed the usefulness and reliability of computed tomography (CT scan) in evaluating adrenal hyperplasia in 38 patients, including 14 with Cushing's disease, 17 with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), and 7 with the adrenogenital syndrome (AGS). Eighty-two normal subjects were also examined. We analyzed the shape of the adrenal gland and quantitated its thickness, width and length. Visual inspection revealed V-shaped right adrenal glands in 100% of patients with Cushing's disease, 94% of patients with IHA, 100% of patients with AGS and in 41% of the normal subjects. Triangular left adrenal glands were observed in 100% of patients with Cushing's disease, 82% of patients with IHA, 67% of patients with AGS and in 12% of the normal subjects. Quantitative analysis showed that the right adrenal gland was significantly thicker and longer in patients with Cushing's disease, IHA and in those with AGS than in normal subjects. The right adrenal gland was significantly wider in the patients with Cushing's disease and AGS than in control subjects. The left adrenal gland was significantly wider and longer in patients with Cushing's disease and AGS than in the normal controls. Analysis of individual data indicated that the upper limit of normal for thickness of the right adrenal was 7 mm. Therefore, adrenal hyperplasia was strongly suggested when the right adrenal gland was more than 7 mm thick. Our findings suggest that the CT scan is useful and reliable in diagnosing adrenal hyperplasia.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1994

Differential metabolic requirement for initiation and augmentation of insulin release by glucose: a study with rat pancreatic islets.

Insulin release, glucose utilization (3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose), and glucose oxidation (14CO2 formation from [14C(U)]glucose) were determined in pancreatic islets from 96-h fasted rats at 37 degrees C and those from fed rats at 22 degrees C, using the islets from fed rats incubated at 37 degrees C as controls. In the islets from 96-h fasted rats and those from fed rats incubated at 22 degrees C, we could not demonstrate significant insulin release in response to high glucose concentrations of up to 16.7 mmol/l. However, 16.7 mmol/l glucose clearly augmented insulin release caused by a depolarizing concentration (50 mmol/l) of K+ in these islets: i.e. 16.7 mmol/l glucose plus 50 mmol/l K+ produced significantly greater insulin release than 50 mmol/l K+ alone. Glucose utilization and oxidation by the islet cells were suppressed by 96-h fasting of the rats or by lowering the incubation temperature to 22 degrees C, and depolarization with K+ at 50 mmol/l did not at all augment glucose utilization and oxidation by the islets. Thus we conclude that reduction of glucose metabolism in islets from fasted rats and in those incubated at low temperature eliminated initiation, but not augmentation, of insulin release by 16.7 mmol/l glucose. The data indicate that the metabolic threshold for the initiation of insulin release is significantly higher than it is for the augmentation of release by glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenic purpura with humoral inhibitory factor for megakaryocyte colony formation.

A 67-year-old man with thrombocytopenia, and amegakaryocytic but otherwise normal bone marrow, was evaluated. Antibody against thrombocytes was negative and the half-life of thrombocytes was normal. In vitro clonal culture of the patient's bone marrow cells yielded no megakaryocyte colony with normal granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colony formation. Megakaryocyte colony formation of the control bone marrow cells was significantly suppressed by the addition of the patient's serum to the culture, suggesting the existence of humoral inhibitory factor(s) for megakaryocyte colony formation. Therapeutic trials with plasma exchange, cyclosporine, prednisolone, and cyclosporine plus prednisolone were all unsuccessful, but serious bleeding has been absent.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Age-related difficulty in rhythmic movement].

In order to identify a characteristic difficulty in rhythmic movements with aging, a total of 380 healthy participants aged from 18 to 85 years (group 1), and 1,134 elderly community residents aged from 65 to 89 years (group 2), were examined using a finger-tapping test. The test requested the participant to tap in time to a periodic sound train with frequencies of 2, 3, 4, and 5 Hz (cycles/sec) for group 1, and with 4 Hz for group 2. Tapping deviated towards a faster rate from the stimulus frequency by more than 3 msec at 4 Hz and/or 5 Hz, "hastened tap" (HT), was found to be characteristic of aging. In group 1, the participants who exhibited HT increased with age and reached more than 35% in their 60s and 70s. In group 2, the percentages of participants with HT at 4 Hz were 14.6 (60s), 15.9 (70s) and 29.3 (80s), which were very close to the 16.9% of participants with HT at 4 Hz over 65 years in group 1. This figure suggested that more than 50% of participants over 80 years exhibited HT in tapping test at 2 through 5 Hz. HT in the elderly appears to be similar to hastened tapping observed typically in patients with Parkinson's disease, suggesting a parallel of extrapyramidal motor dysfunction between normal aging and parkinsonism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A study of low density lipoprotein in a patient with hyper-high density lipoprotein cholesterolemia with normal cholesterolester transfer protein].

We examined a patient with hyper-cholesterolemia with a high level of HDL2 and LDL-cholesterol in serum. The metabolism of lipoproteins in this case was different from that in well-known hyper-high density lipoproteinemia or hyper-low density lipoproteinemia, because the patient had normal levels of cholesterolester transfer protein, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activity. This study describes the characterization of LDL obtained from the patient's serum. LDL from the patient was separated by ultracentrifuge, and analyzed by gradient PAGE. The molecular weight of two LDL from the patient have been estimated to be approximately 1250 and 1450kDa by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and were larger than those of normal individuals and patients with typical hypercholesterolemia (approximately 1150kDa in molecular weight). The LDL from the patient was separated into three fractions by HPLC, and their lipid composition was not significantly different from that of normal LDL. The high level and large size of LDL from the patient may be caused by a reduction in the transfer of cholesterol from LDL to HDL2, or an equilibrium of cholesterol with the increased HDL2.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Electrophysiological and behavioral features of septal seizures in cats--experimental sham-rage seizures induced by injection of kainic acid].

The septal nucleus has close connections with the hippocampus and amygdala and is known to be involved in emotional behavior. We analyzed the electrophysiological and behavioral features of seizures induced by an injection of kainic acid into the lateral septal nucleus of the cat. Stereotactic surgery was performed to implant a cannula into the lateral septal nucleus to make the injection, and deep electrodes were implanted into the hippocampus and amygdala bilaterally. Seven days post operatively kainic acid, 0.5 microgram/0.5 microliter, was injected via the cannula, and three to five minutes later the cats began to exhibit head turning to the contralateral side. The seizures subsequently progressed limbic seizure status. The electroencephalogram revealed that the spike discharges started in the lateral septal nucleus, extended to the ipsilateral hippocampus and amygdala, then propagated to the contralateral side. Spontaneous sham-rage seizures occurred more than seven days after the injection. These seizure were characterized by sudden onset of aggressive and violent behavior which included hissing, biting and scratching. The electroencephalogram showed synchronization of rhythmic spikes in the ipsilateral septal nucleus, hippocampus and amygdala during such seizures. Further study of this model is important not only to understand the relationship between the septal nucleus and the hippocampus and amygdala but to understand the mechanism of sham-rage seizures. In addition, this model may be useful in understanding the emotional features of intractable complex partial seizures in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Clinicopathological features of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT): four cases report].

We reported four cases of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) with intractable complex partial seizures, and analyzed their clinical and pathological features. The age of patients ranged from four to nineteen years old. Three were boys and one was a girl. The age of seizure onset ranged from eight months to five years. They did not have any neurological deficits. In all cases, CT scan revealed a low density mass in the temporal lobe. Two cases demonstrated calcifications, and another two cysts. The mass demonstrated low signal intensity in T-1 weighted MR images with mild contrast enhancement by Gd-DTPA. Long-term video-EEG monitoring revealed the epileptogenic focus in the temporal lobe on the side of the mass lesion. Anterior temporal lobectomy with total removal of the tumor was carried out in all cases. Hippocampectomy was performed in three cases in which intraoperative electrocorticogram demonstrated spike discharges in the hippocampus. In the surgical specimens, the tumor consisted of increased astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and some neurons. A cortical nodule appeared in one case, and cortical dysplasia appeared in two cases. It was difficult to distinguish the tumor of case 3 from ganglioglioma because of mild neuronal atypia. The tumor of case 4 demonstrated increased capillary vessels and was also difficult to differentiate from vascular anomalies. The pathological diagnosis of DNT was still difficult. Consequently, we speculated that DNT included some transitional types between congenital anomalies and ganglioglioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of selective lumbar radiculography and radicular block].

We analyzed 56 patients who received selective lumbar radiculography and radicular block (88 procedures in total). The underlying conditions were spinal diseases in 43 cases, cancer pain in 6 cases, post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in 5 cases and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) in 2 cases. In the spinal disease group, 24 cases showed complete pain relief and 12 cases showed partial pain relief after the therapy, with a success rate of 83.7%. In the cancer pain group, 3 cases showed complete pain relief and one showed partial pain relief (success rate: 66.7%). In the PHN group, 1 case showed complete pain relief and 2 showed partial pain relief (success rate: 60%). In the RSD group, all cases showed pain relief. When examined 3 months after this treatment, the effect had persisted in 15 cases from the spinal disease group, in 1 case from the cancer pain group, in 2 cases from the PHN group and in 2 cases from the RSD group. Selective lumbar radiculography and radicular block are useful in identifying a nerve root responsible for abnormalities. In addition, this procedure is expected to exert a long-lasting therapeutic effect in cases indicated for the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of different positions for epidural block on skin-epidural space distance].

Epidural block was performed in the same intervertebral space by both approaches with either flank position or prone position under fluoroscopy. The distances from with both positions the skin to the epidural space (SED) were compared. The prone position approach under fluoroscopy resulted in a significantly greater SED in both T2/3 puncture and L4/5 puncture groups. This was assumed to be due to the fact that the prone position approach does not always allow minimum distance. It was also thought to be due to the fact that in this position, compared with the flank position, a pillow is inserted under the thoracic (or abdominal) region, and the skin in the dorsal region is looser and the subcutaneous tissue is thicker. The lumbar vertebrae form the lordosis, and it does not disappear when the pillow is placed under the abdominal region. This causes the SED to be greater.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A new operational approach for the piriform sinus fistula.

It has been well documented that piriform sinus fistulae often cause suppurative thyroiditis; however, when a piriform sinus fistula does not present this symptom, making a correct diagnosis is very difficult. We have experienced 11 cases of a piriform sinus fistula. The conventional operational approach was performed in the initial eight patients, among which there were four recurrences in two patients. Therefore, a new operational approach was introduced for the three most recent cases and one recurrent case. First, the existence of the internal orifice of the fistula is confirmed with a laryngoscope, after which a transverse incision on the neck is made and the abscess dissected. The side wall of the piriform sinus is then opened with the help of a laryngoscope and the bottom part of the mucosa of the sinus transected with the internal orifice of the fistula, after which the fistula is removed en bloc with the bottom part of the sinus and abscess cavity. Using this operation, we experienced no complications and there has been no recurrence so far.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of seroepidemiology of hepatitis C in blood donors between Bangladesh and Japan.

To compare the seroepidemiology of hepatitis C and hepatitis B between Bangladesh and Japan, we tested the second generation antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV-2) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum samples from 163 professional blood donors (161 males and 2 females, mean age 28.6 yr.) and 83 voluntary blood donors from Bangladesh, and 7479 Japanese voluntary blood donors (5036 males and 2443 females; mean age 37.1 yr.). In Bangladesh, anti-HCV-2 is detected in 2.4% of professional blood donors and 0% of voluntary blood donors, furthermore, HBsAg is detected in 29% and in 2.4% of professional and voluntary blood donors, respectively. In Japan, anti-HCV-2 is detected in 0.6% in voluntary blood donors, and HBsAg also in 0.6%. These results indicate that professional blood donors in Bangladesh are highly contaminated by hepatitis B virus and moderately by hepatitis C virus, while voluntary blood donors in both countries are not so highly contaminated by either hepatitis viruses.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ileocecal resection in neonates and infants: a follow-up study.

From 1977 to 1983 ileocecal resection was done in five neonates and three infants who were admitted to our pediatric surgical units. Their growth, hematology, and serum biochemistry were examined and compared with that of an ileal resection group without ileocecal resection. The body weight and height of all patients of the ileocecal resection group were within normal ranges. All patients undergoing ileocecal resection in neonates had moderate diarrhea but condition of fecal evacuation improved after age 6. None of the control ileal resection group had diarrhea since age 2. No significant differences were noted in hematology and serum biochemistry (protein metabolism, lipid metabolism, bile acid, and vitamin B12) data between the ileocecal resection groups and the control group. Our findings show that after ileocecal resection without extensive ileal resection in neonates and infants, adequate nutritional status can be maintained.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed1993

Microgastria--case report and a review of the literature.

The case of a female baby with microgastria, duodenal atresia, asplenia, hydrocephalus and many other anomalies is reported. She underwent repair of the duodenal atresia at the age of 3 days and died of sepsis at the age of 5 months. Twenty-nine cases of microgastria found reported in the literature are reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

Induction of cytosolic triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) binding protein (CTBP) by T3 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.

Cytosolic 3, 5, 3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)-binding protein (CTBP) plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular T3 translocation from cytoplasm to the nuclear T3 receptor. We examined whether the CTBP activity could be induced by T3 or not in cultured hepatocytes prepared from thyroidectomized rats. CTBP activity was not detected in primary cultured hepatocytes from thyroidectomized rats. However, the protein was induced by the addition of T3 to the culture medium. The increase in the activity of CTBP was time dependent and the maximal level was obtained by 48 h in the presence of 300 nM T3. CTBP activity was also increased by retinol (35 microM) or by 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 (10 nM). On the other hand, the activity of malic enzyme (ME) was induced by the addition of T3 to the culture medium. The maximal activity of ME was obtained by 48 h in the presence of 300 nM T3. The increase in ME activity was also induced by retinol or 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3. These results suggested that not only ME activity but also CTBP activity is induced by T3. Further, retinol and vitamin D3 have similar effects on the induction of CTBP activity and ME activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

n-Butyrate enhances induction of thyroid hormone-responsive nuclear protein.

Effects of n-butyrate on nuclear thyroid hormone receptors and on thyroid hormone-responsive nuclear protein were investigated by means of a perfusion system in rat liver. Treatment with 5 mM n-butyrate resulted in an increase (150%) in the maximal binding capacity of 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3) nuclear receptors without altering the affinity of receptor for T3. However, further perfusion for 4 h decreased the number of the receptors to the control level. n-Butyrate increased the amount of acetylated histone H4. The ability of nuclear T3 receptors to bind to core histones was diminished by acetylation of the core histones. Thyroid hormone-responsive nuclear protein (n protein) was increased by T3. The induction of the n protein by T3 was augmented by n-butyrate. These results suggested that n-butyrate modulates thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression in rat liver via the increased number of nuclear receptors or changes in the chromatin constitution.

Acetylation↗