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Biomedical subjects

K Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Hartmann.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Brain damage among mentally disordered sex offenders.

The incidence and nature of structural brain dysfunction was investigated in a pilot study sample of individuals currently assigned the Nebraska Penal Code designation of mentally disordered sexual offender. It was hypothesized that the sexual offenders would show a significantly higher incidence of dysfunction than a psychosocially normal group as evidenced by computed tomography scan measures, regional cerebral blood flow, and neuropsychological instruments. The hypothesis was tested by two different methods. One method used a 160 by 160 printout of density numbers generated by computer from computed tomography scans administered to the sexual offenders. The second method used mean blood flow data generated from a Harshaw TASC-5 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow analysis system. Additionally, the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Test Battery was administered as a measure of the behavioral correlates of brain dysfunction. Preliminary analyses indicate that 50% of the sexual offenders tested showed brain dysfunction as demonstrated by decreased density measures, decreased blood flow, and performance deficits on the Luria Battery. The implications of these findings, if confirmed, are substantial on issues of criminal responsibility, sentencing, treatment, and rehabilitation of the sex offender. Case reports of the patients studied are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Serum cholesterol and liver deiodase activity in rats of different body composition after low or high fat diet. Effect of a feeding change in fat-rich to fat-poor diet and the reverse or of an iodine deficient diet].

Male Wistar rats with an average age of 28 weeks received diets high (HFD: 50% fat) or low (LFD: 3% fat) in fat content. Rats were restricted on iodine intake by feeding pure diets without iodine addition. The relative degree of iodine shortage of rats was estimated by 131I-uptake. PB131I and ETR. Serum cholesterol, whole body lipid content and liver deiodinase activity of LFD (control)- and HFD-rats were analyzed. A change of diet feeding from high to low fat content and vice versa took place to discriminate the effect of diet fat from body fat content of rats on serum cholesterol and deiodinase activity. HFD fed rats with high body fat content showed at iodine restriction the same serum cholesterol concentration as relative lean LFD-animals. Post feeding change from diet rich to poor on fat and vice versa at 4 weeks the obese animals have lost body fat only 10-20% at calorie restriction and exhibit higher serum cholesterol levels and equal liver deiodinase activity as lean, now fat rich fed control animals. Heavy HFD-rats fed on fat rich diet for 22 weeks have approximately two times higher liver lipid content as light LFD-animals. Because liver lipid content and deiodinase activity between light LFD- and heavy HFD-rats before and after change of diet feeding are equal, a relation between liver lipid content and enzyme activity is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A note on choosing a service provider from telephone listings: focus on community mental health centers.

178 college students searched telephone directories with instruction to find help for a friend with a serious emotional problem. There were no significant differences between white and yellow pages or between fine or bold print in the relative frequency with which CMHCs were found. The most important listing in the white pages was "Mental Health Center" and in the yellow pages was under "Clinics." More than two listings did not increase the relative frequency with which CMHCs were found and listed by a proper name was effective only in the absence of generic names.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1981

[Body composition of light and heavy rats in a high or low fat diet group].

The authors studied the body composition of light and heavy male Wistar rats (approximately 11 and 21 weeks of age) from two diet groups fed a high-fat (HFD, 50 per cent (w/w) fat) and a low-fat diet (LFD, 3 per cent (w/w) fat), respectively. In both age-groups the heavy HFD rats showed a considerably higher fat proportion (as compared with light LFD rats) associated with a correspondingly reduced body water content and an approximately identical body protein concentration. On comparing light and heavy rats (11 and 21 weeks of age) from the same diet group as to their body composition, the authors found greater differences only in the 21-week-old HFD animals; as against light animals, the heavy animals exhibited a highly significant increase in body fat content and a highly significant decrease in body water content. A comparison of LFD and HFD animals of approximately the same weight revealed an increase of the relative body fat content and a decrease of the percentage of body water content in light 11-week-old and also in 21-week-old HFD animals as against heavy LFD animals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Effectors and products of enzymatic diiodotyrosine deiodination by a plasmatic fraction from pig liver].

Effectors and products of enzymatic diiodotyrosine (DIT) deiodination by a cytosolic fraction of pig liver hab been investigated. 13% of the degraded 131I-DIT was found as monoiodotyrosine by thin layer chromatography. The main quantity of the deiodinated DIT was found on the start point of the chromatogram bound to enzyme protein. Tyrosine as a reaction product of enzymatic deiodination of [14C]-IT could not be identified exactly. The liver cytosolic deiodinase is activated by pyruvate; the extent of activation depends on th pyruvate concentration. Diiodohydroxyphenylpyruvate as a product of transamination and theoretically possible intermediate product could be excluded. NADPH 2 and sodium dithionite activated the deiodinase to 1/3, sodium dithionite together with FAD to 1/2 the amount of which was determined for the action of pyruvate. The enzymatic activity in the presence of pyruvate and NADPH2, respectively NADPH2/FAD is identical with the sum of the single activities. The effect of dithionite and sulfite on deiodinase activity depends on the concentration: low effector concentrations increase, while high concentrations decrease the enzyme activity. The liver plasma deiodinase was inactivate quantitatively by reaction with 10(-4) M PCMB; by reaction with 10(-4) M DTNB or NEM the inactivation was 40% only. The inactivation of deiodinase by PCMB was quantitative reversible by cysteine, while inactivation by DTNB was reversible by cysteine to maximal 70% only. Differences between cytosolic and microsomal deiodinases are discussed also in regard to the mechanism of DIT-deiodination by a liver cytosolic fraction with direct participation of SH-groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Cholesterol esterification in the serum of hypothyroid rats].

The ratio of unesterified to total serum cholesterol in hypothyreotic rats has been studied. Extreme rat hypothyreosis of identical degree was induced by radiothyroidectomy (group R-HT) and feeding of thyreostatics (groups MTU-HT and MMI-HT). Determination of total serum cholesterol content and the unesterified cholesterol content resulted in following changes (all changes significant for p < 0,001): 1. Higher total cholesterol in hypothyreotic rats 4 and 7 weeks after beginning the experiments as compared to the controls. 2. The ratio of unesterified cholesterol to total cholesterol was increased in all hypothyreotic groups. It is discussed, that the esterification reaction in serum catalyzed by the lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) is diminished in the hypothyreotic state.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Computed tomorgraphy and ultrasound; comparative study in diseases of the upper abdomen and retroperitoneal space (author's transl)].

In a comparative study with 242 patients (90 renal, 152 pancreatic and abdominal diseases) ultrasound and computed tomography were compared. With an overall accuracy quota of 92.56% for CT and 85.53 for US, we get the following quotas for the organs: kidney (95.5% Ct, 91.1% US), pancreas and abdominal disease (90.78% CT, 82.23% US). CT has the same specificity (CT: 100, US: 97.7) but a greater sensitivity II (making the final diagnosis) than US (CT: 88.15, US: 78.28). The grading scale of diagnostic efficiency and therapy planning shows a higher value for CT (3.12) than for US (2.89). US is often handicapped by sonic shadows behind calcifications and air, CT by motion artifacts and by the lack of far between the organs. Both methods show the same result for differentiation of the enlarged head of the pancreas.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1980

Fine structure of the Sertoli cells of the rat testis in experimental unilateral cryptorchidism.

Mature rats were made unilaterally cryptorchid for 28 days. ABP concentrations of the abdominal epididymis were significantly reduced, indicating impaired secretory activity of the Sertoli cells. The FSH serum level was increased and testosterone levels both of the serum and of homogenates of the cryptorchid testis were slightly reduced. Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis showed signs of regression. Although Sertoli cell junctions were still impermeable to lanthanum, a reduction of membrane particles forming the Sertoli cell junctions was observed in freeze-fracture replicas. In thin sections it was seen that the plasma membrane-apposed cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum or the adjaacent microfilaments were partially lacking. No such changes were observed in the scrotal testis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Liver deiodase activity in rats of different body weight and fat contents following high or low fat diet. Comparison of enzymatic deiodination with T4-clearance rate and thyroid activity in animals].

Weanling male wistar rats were fed 4 weeks a standard diet and separated into 2 groups, which received a high fat diet (50% w fat; HFD) or a low fat diet (3% w fat; LFD). These diets were fed 6-8 weeks and the animals then separated into light and heavy animals in each group. T4 deiodination in liver homogenates was investigated in all groups and compared with T4 clearance rate and thyroidal activity of these animals. The HFD-rats showed independently of weight and body fat content significantly higher liver deiodinase activity than LFD-rats. In light and heavy HFD-rats with great differences in body fat content the liver deiodinase activity was equal. T4 deiodination in liver, contrary to the T4 clearance rate, depends on fat content of diet and not of body. The thyroidal radioiodine uptake and PBI-131-values in some weight groups of HFD-rats were significantly higher than in some LFD-weight-groups, but a dependence of the thyroidal activity from fat content of diet or of body was not clearly evident. The results indicate however, that the thyroidal activity is likely not responsible for the increase of liver deiodinase activity after high fat diet. The apparent discrepancy between the results of higher liver T4 deiodination and equal or lower T4 clearance rate or equal T3 serum concentrations is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Liver deiodinase activity in rats after high and low fat iodine deficient diets].

Male Wistar rats were restricted on iodine intake by feeding pure diets, without iodine addition. The high fat diet contained 50% fat (HFD), the low fat diet 3% fat (LFD). Control animals received the same diets, but with iodine addition. After feeding the diets for 7 or 19 weeks liver deiodinase activity was estimated. The iodine deficient animals showed a diminished enzyme activity in both diet groups. But after feeding the diet without iodine addition for 7 weeks the deiodinase activity significantly decreased in the HFD-group only in relation to liver weight per 100 g body weight. After 19 weeks the liver deiodinase activity in the HFD-group was diminished significantly, but the decrease was much smaller than in the LFD-group. The estimation of relative thyroid weight and iodoamino acid distribution demonstrate that the level of iodine deficiency was in iodine restricted HFD-rats greater than in appropriate LFD-rats. This result was verified by investigations of thyroidal radio iodine uptake and iodine content, PB131I, serum iodine and T4 levels in both diet groups. The reason for the lower decrease of deiodinase activity at higher iodine deficiency in HFD-rats as compared to LFD-rats and the possible importance of food enriched with fat in endemic goiter areas is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Measuring prescribing practices in a state mental hospital system.

To determine the degree to which Nebraska's three state mental hospitals complied with recognized guidelines for prescription of psychotropic medications, a study was made for 1326 drug orders issued over a five-year period. The prescribing practices in the hospital were then reviewed in relation to the guidelines in areas of polypharmacy, daily dose frequency, time of day, use of p.r.n. orders, drug form, dosages for children and the elderly, dosages during acute and stabilized stages of illness, and brand versus generic names. The study highlighted areas of progress in drug use practices and identified areas for improvement.

Age Factors↗