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Biomedical subjects

K Hartmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Hartmann.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Husbandry-related diseases in the chinchilla].

The developing popularity of the chinchilla as a pet over recent years has increased its importance in veterinary practice. The husbandry of pet chinchillas differs significantly from that in commercial fur farms, where the veterinary input is directed towards diseases of animal groups. Veterinary advice and prophylaxis is particularly important for pet chinchillas, as there is relatively little literature about their husbandry and relevant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The owners of this 'new' companion animal frequently lack relevant knowledge, and many chinchillas are presented due to inadequate husbandry and feeding. Therefore this report describes the physiology, the management and feeding requirements and examination methods. A selection of the most frequent diseases caused by poor husbandry is presented.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Incidence of drug side effects by symptoms and syndromes. From the experiences of the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring and the Swiss Drug Side Effect Center. As an example: allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions with mild analgesics and NSAID].

From 1974 to 1989, 37,392 patients were admitted to the divisions of general internal medicine of the CHDM hospitals. 19,082 of them were treated with a minor analgesic or an NSAID. In 95 of the exposed patients, an allergic or a pseudoallergic reaction to one or two of these drugs was observed. From 1981 to 1990, general practitioners, hospitals and the pharmaceutical industry reported to SANZ 158 individual cases with comparable reactions to 175 exposures of the same kind. Of the 15 different syndromes and symptoms registered in both institutions, most were reactions of the skin, mainly the usual maculopapular exanthemas (rash), urticaria and angioedema. In the CHDM, allergic or pseudoallergic reactions were observed in 0.23% of patients exposed to minor analgesics (including ASA preparations on a daily dose up to 1.0 g and pyrazolones, mainly metamizole, propyphenazone) and in 0.81% of patients exposed to NSAIDs (including the pyrazolone oxyphenbutazone). In the experience of the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring in Berne and St. Gallen (CHDM) and the Spontaneous Adverse Drug Reactions Center of Switzerland (SANZ).

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1993

[Drug side effects on the bronchi and lung].

Diseases of the respiratory organs comprise almost 4% of the adverse drug reactions reported to the Spontaneous Adverse Drug Reactions Center, SANZ (169 of the 4415 reports collected between 1981 and 1990). The most frequent reports were coughing caused by ACE inhibitors, attack of bronchial asthma induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blocking agents, interstitial pneumopathy caused by amiodarone and sulfonamides, and respiratory depression due to benzodiazepines. The spontaneous reporting system does not allow one to determine the incidence, the reports are only of a signal-generating function. Classical semiology and special diagnostic techniques in assessing adverse drug reactions are discussed. A precise analysis of the case, temporal correlation with reaction and exposure time as well as comparisons with similar cases, together with a critical study of the literature on adverse drug reactions, remain the most important diagnostic procedures.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[The incidence of drug side effects with reference to organ systems. Experience of the spontaneous reporting system of the Swiss Drug Side Effect Center and Comprehensive Drug Monitoring].

The reporting system of the Spontaneous Adverse Drug Reactions Center (SANZ) and the Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring (CHDM) in Berne and St. Gallen are complementary ADR reporting institutions. The first collects data from the whole patient population as well as all drugs prescribed in Switzerland. The adverse drug reactions reported most frequently are easily detectable skin reactions, psychic disorders and reactions concerning the body as whole. From these reports signals can be generated, contributing to enhanced drug safety. The CHDM provides detailed information on all adverse drug reactions in a selected patient population. Because the number of patients exposed to a drug is known, a quantitative risk assessment can be calculated. The system contributes also to the detection of new ADRs. This relies partly on statistical analysis, partly on thorough clinical observations, but mostly on the combination of both. Allergic and pseudoallergic reactions were studied with some priority.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

[Spontaneous reporting system for the assessment of new, unknown and rare undesirable effects of drugs].

The Swiss Drug Monitoring Center SANZ operates the spontaneous reporting system in Switzerland. Spontaneous reporting schemes represent the systematic approach to the collection of individual case reports on suspected adverse drug reactions (ADR). ADR spontaneous reporting systems are an important component of the postmarketing surveillance of drugs. Spontaneous reporting systems are primarily designed to detect new and unexpected ADR; they generate signals about possible ADR and create hypotheses to be tested in pharmaco-epidemiological studies. Besides collecting, analyzing and evaluating single case reports it is important to extract those cases from the data pool which can be used to produce signals. A computer-assisted early warning system enables SANZ to detect cases with signal function and thus to track down new, rare and unexpected ADR. Carefully selected parameters can help to identify important new hazards. However, the detection of new and unexpected ADR depends to a large extent on the minds of alert physicians and the practicing clinician's awareness of and cooperation with ADR reporting.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed1992

Use of two virustatica (AZT, PMEA) in the treatment of FIV and of FeLV seropositive cats with clinical symptoms.

In the present study the therapeutic efficacy and the side effects of two antiretroviral compounds used in human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) research, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine, Retrovir) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), were investigated in the treatment of cats naturally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and cats naturally infected with feline leukemia virus (FeLV). AZT was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 5 mg kg-1 body weight every 12 h and PMEA was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 2.5 mg kg-1 body weight every 12 h during a 3 week hospitalization. The therapeutic efficacy of both compounds was investigated. There was a stronger potency of PMEA than of AZT on the regression of stomatitis in FIV and in FeLV infected cats. In addition, in FIV infection PMEA had a stronger effect on the improvement of the general clinical status. Both antiretroviral compounds were potent agents to improve the immunologic status of FIV infected cats by raising the CD4/CD8 ratio. In FeLV infection PMEA and AZT appeared to reduce antigenemia. The hematological side effects caused by PMEA were severe and stronger than those of AZT. Therefore the advantage of PMEA in clinical and immunologic improvement was diminished by the hematologic disorders, which do not allow long term treatment with this drug in the dose used.

Adenine↗
PubMed1992

In vitro effect of vanadate on content, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin in isolated islets of normal Wistar rats.

In in vitro experiments the effect of (Na-ortho)vanadate (1-50 mumol/l) on content, secretion and biosynthesis of insulin was investigated in isolated islets of normal Wistar rats. Compared with controls insulin content is unchanged, but insulin secretion and biosynthesis rate are significantly reduced; secretion is significantly more reduced in the basal than in the stimulating glucose medium. Our results support the view that vanadate exhibits its influence on insulin metabolism in the beta cell already.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Decline in CD4+ cell numbers in cats with naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus infection.

T-cell subsets were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis in 57 feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)-seropositive cats with naturally acquired FIV infection to see whether CD4(+)-CD8+ alterations were comparable to those observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. CD4+ values were decreased and CD8+ values were increased. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio was reduced to 1.6, compared with 3.3 in 33 FIV-seronegative control cats. Variance analysis of data showed a significant influence of FIV seropositivity, sex, and spaying of female cats on CD4+ values. CD8+ values were significantly influenced by FIV seropositivity, age, and breed. These findings indicate a similarity between FIV and human immunodeficiency virus infections, as far as alterations of T-cell subsets are concerned.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Direct measurement of immunoreactive renin during changes of posture in man.

For several years, it has been possible to determine renin by a direct RIA. In the present study, plasma active renin concentration (PRC) was related to plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone as a function of a standardized posture test. Using PRC, our target was to define the shortest necessary test duration. The three parameters were examined in 10 healthy male subjects (22-34 years old). Salt balance was determined in 24-hour urine, and plasma potassium and sodium were measured. Volunteers were hospitalized for 1 night, and at 8 a.m. the next morning they were subjected to the following postural changes: 3 h active orthostasis and 3 h recumbency. Frequent blood samples were taken. Orthostasis induced a significant rise in PRC, PRA and aldosterone already after 15 min. PRC and PRA reached a maximum level after 90 min of orthostasis and remained relatively stable, while aldosterone reached its highest level already after 30 min and then gradually decreased. Significant correlations were found between PRA and PRC (p < 0.001), between PRC and aldosterone (p < 0.001), and between PRA and aldosterone (p < 0.001). The PRC/PRA ratio changed during the course of the test, especially in supine subjects. When subjects returned to the supine position, all the parameters measured began a continual decrease. There were no significant changes in serum potassium and sodium levels throughout the duration of the test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[An infected fistula following a peridural catheter].

An infected fistula was observed in a woman (Age: 69 years, weight: 60 kg, height: 159 cm) 14 days after insertion and 8 days after removal of a peridural catheter inserted preoperatively for postoperative analgesia after nephrectomy (carcinoma). Due to haemodynamic problems in the early postoperative period no analgetic or local anaesthetic medication was applied via the peridural catheter. After unsuccessful antibiotic and surgical treatment the women was transferred to the Neurosurgical department five weeks after nephrectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar region showed a fistula (Segment L2/L3) reaching the epidural space but no epidural spreading or epidural abscess. Partial laminectomy L2/L3 was performed and the fistula excised under continuous antibiotic treatment with ofloxacin. Up until 21 months after the operation no recidivation occurred. Exact details of catheter insertion and catheter treatment in the postoperative period are not available; the fact, that no bactericide [9] local anaesthetic agents were applied, might have favoured the occurrence of this infection. Infectious complications have to be taken into consideration for the indication of peridural catheters in the perioperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[The importance of the clinical differential diagnosis in the evaluation of a suspected drug reaction].

An adverse drug reaction has always to be considered if an obscure clinical picture is encountered. On the other hand every agency involved in drug monitoring has to take note of clinical differential diagnosis. Two examples illustrate how it was possible to explain by simple clinical evaluations suspected adverse drug reactions as manifestations of organic diseases.

Appetite Depressants↗
PubMed1991

Molecular cloning of gp 80, a glycoprotein complex secreted by kidney cells in vitro and in vivo. A link to the reproductive system and to the complement cascade.

cDNA clones coding for the gp 80 heterodimeric glycoprotein complex secreted constitutively at the apical surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have been isolated from MDCK cDNA libraries in lambda gt11 and lambda gt10. The cloned sequences encode a polypeptide chain of 445 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gp 80 protein reveals 80% homology to rat SGP-2, a major secretory protein of the testes epithelium and 83% homology to SP-40,40, a human complement-associated protein. SGP-2 and SP-40,40 have been proposed to be serum and seminal forms of the same protein. The sequence homology as well as the results of Southern and Northern blot analyses and immunological studies suggest that gp 80 is the canine homolog of the rat SGP-2 and the human SP-40,40. The protein is expressed in the embryonic kidney already early during organogenesis. In the adult kidney the protein has been localized along the luminal surfaces of the proximal and distal tubule and the collecting duct cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of FIV infection in Bavaria].

In a comprehensive epidemiological study at the I. Medizinische Tierklinik at the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich within the last two years, the spread and frequency of FIV infection as well as the clinical symptoms of FIV positive cats were evaluated. 5129 serum samples from clinically healthy and ill cats were tested by means of an ELISA test for antibodies to FIV. The infection is widespread in Bavaria. 116 cats, that is 2.3%, were tested FIV positive. 77% of the FIV positive cats were male. The average age was 6.5 years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous recovery of streptozotocin diabetes in mice.

With the aim of developing a model of experimental diabetes by which spontaneous recovery processes can be investigated, we used a lower (1) and a higher (2) dose of streptozotocin (SZ) to find out the lowest possible dose definitely inducing diabetes in mice through beta cell loss but preventing excessive damage to the endocrine pancreas which would exclude restoration processes. After application of SZ (1) to neonatal mice only male animals showed an overt diabetes in adult life. 70 percent of these mice had recovered 15 weeks after appearance of diabetes. Recovery was indicated by normalization of blood glucose, serum insulin, insulin secretion and biosynthesis of isolated pancreatic islets and a reenhancement of the pancreatic insulin content from lower than 10 to 30 percent of control values. After SZ (2) both sexes became hyperglycaemic, and the recovery rate was lower, but was increased by pregnancy in female mice. By means of this model it will be possible to investigate mechanisms and promoting factors of such restoration processes in more detail.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Streptozotocin diabetes in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The aim of our experiments was to find out to what extent male spontaneously hypertensive (SH) as well as normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Wistar-Schönerlinde (WS) rats developed changes of the endocrine pancreas function in response to streptozotocin (SR). 4 week old WS, WKY and SH rats were given ip. injections of 70 or 100 mg SR/kg and were killed at an age of 8 weeks, after which blood glucose, and in isolated islets, insulin-leakage, insulin secretion and insulin biosynthesis were determined; histologically the relative volume density of islet tissue was estimated. The results demonstrated that the intensity of the SR-caused damage to the endocrine pancreas differs considerably in the three strains of rats. The damage increases in the order WS, WKY, SH rats. These findings are indicative of the role played by genetic predisposition and of an increase in damage to the endocrine pancreas due to hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of trivalent chromium on the beta-cell function.

Application of trivalent chromium (daily 1 mg, p.o.) to pregnant rats in the time of gestation and thereafter--beginning with the first day of the gestation and lasting for 50 days--did not change the i.p. glucose tolerance of the adult animals. The insulin concentration in serum 30 min after glucose loading was decreased significantly. The basal concentration of serum insulin of neonates was diminished, too. The insulin content of the whole pancreas was decreased in mother animals and increased in neonates. Secretion of insulin by isolated islets of the neonatal animals was unchanged. Insulin biosynthesis of the islets of these animals was increased in presence of 6 and 15 mM glucose, respectively. These data suggest an effect of trivalent chromium on endocrine pancreas.

Animals↗