Differences in subunit composition of glycinin among soybean cultivars.
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Globulins↗
Biomedical subjects
K Harada
Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.
2S globulins of soybean seeds. 1. Isolation and characterization of protein components.
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Globulins↗
Structural determination of geometrical isomers of microcystins LR and RR from cyanobacteria by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic techniques.
A nondestructive method using a combination of three 2D NMR techniques, DQF-COSY (double quantum filter correlation spectroscopy), HMQC (1H-detected multiple quantum coherence), and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation), were developed for structural determination of microcystins, toxic heptapeptides produced by cyanobacteria. With this procedure we were able to assign all carbons and protons of microcystins LR (1) and RR (2), thus determining the constituent amino acid sequences. The procedure was also applied to the microcystin-associated nontoxic minor components, which have molecular weights and amino acid compositions similar to those of 1 and 2 and toxicities different from those of 1 and 2. From detailed analysis of these spectra we rapidly deduced that the minor components are geometrical isomers with respect to C-7 of the diene in Adda of the parent toxins. The structures were finally confirmed to be 3 and 4 by ROESY (rotating frame nuclear Overhauser and exchange spectroscopy) technique.
Cyanobacteria↗
Microcystins from Anabaena flos-aquae NRC 525-17.
Anabaena flos-aquae NRC 525-17 produces a very potent neurotoxin, anatoxin-a(s). During isolation of the neurotoxin, we found that the strain contains four other toxic compounds which show strong hepatotoxicity. The four toxins, toxins 1, 1', 2, and 3, were successfully purified. Toxin 2, one of major toxins, was identified as 3-desmethylmicrocystin LR (1) by comparison of spectral data of the known compound. Since the three other toxins contain an unknown amino acid, GC/MS was applied and it revealed the presence of homotyrosine in toxins 1 (2) and 1' (3). Only a partial structure was obtained for toxin 3 due to the small amount present in the cells.
Amino Acids↗
Formation, characterization, and toxicity of the glutathione and cysteine conjugates of toxic heptapeptide microcystins.
Microcystins LR, YR, and RR, cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria, were synthetically converted into glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) conjugates. Fast atom bombardment mass spectra showed [M + H]+ ions corresponding to GSH and Cys conjugates of microcystins LR, YR, and RR for the obtained compounds. 1H NMR spectral analyses revealed that two singlet signals of olefinic protons of N-methyldehydroalanine (Mdha) in microcystins disappeared in the conjugates, confirming that thiols of GSH and Cys added nucleophilically to the alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl of the Mdha moiety. On examination of the 50% lethal dose (LD50) with intravenous injection using mice, both GSH and Cys conjugates showed reduction in toxicity compared with microcystins, but their toxicity still remained. Microcystin LR and its GSH conjugate were separated and identified in a standard mixture by using a frit-fast atom bombardment liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (Frit-FAB LC/MS) method. Obtained conjugates in the present study would be important compounds as the standard samples for study of metabolism of microcystins, and the Frit-FAB LC/MS method would be applicable to mass spectrometric identification of metabolites of microcystins.
Animals↗
Turkey-chicken hybrids: a cytological study of early development.
Reciprocal hybridization experiments were performed between the line of Beltsville Small White turkeys that has been selected for high incidence of parthenogenesis and two strains of chickens. The eggs were examined cytologically at early stages of development. In the cross of turkey females X chicken males, it was found that both male (2A-ZZ) and female (2A-ZW) zygotes are formed, but the latter are much less viable and usually die in a very early stage of development. Besides the hybrid embryos, parthenogenetic-type embryos also were found. In the cross of chicken females X turkey males, no evidence of successful hybridization was obtained. However, cell division was initiated in 100 percent of the chicken eggs. This fact suggests that turkey sperm had some enhancing effect on parthenogenetic cell division in chicken eggs.
Animals↗
MR imaging of primary thyroid lymphoma.
Magnetic resonance (MR) images of a patient with primary malignant lymphoma of the thyroid gland and Hashimoto thyroiditis are presented. On T1-weighted images the intensity of the thyroid lymphoma was similar to that of Hashimoto thyroiditis. On T2-weighted images the thyroid lymphoma was seen as a homogeneous area of high intensity compared with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Magnetic resonance was equal to CT in diagnosing and staging of primary thyroid lymphoma. Direct coronal images of MR were useful in planning the radiation port.
Aged↗
White matter hyperintensities may correspond to areas of increased blood volume: correlative MR and PET observations.
A method for correlating positron emission tomography with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enabled the authors to examine the high intensity white matter areas in T2-weighted images in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion. The high intensity areas showed increased cerebral blood volume compared with the ipsilateral and contralateral normal intensity white matter. This observation may have relevance in explaining some of the patchy white matter lesions seen in MR images.
Aged↗
Case of neuroblastoma with differing cytologic and molecular biologic features at primary and metastatic sites.
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Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the adult.
A case is reported of a 55 year old male patient with primary hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who was subjected to distal gastrectomy. Adult hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is an uncommon condition which is usually misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the antrum. It is a benign disease resulting from hypertrophy of the circular fibres of the pyloric canal and is recognizable radiologically by narrowing and elongation of the pyloric canal and endoscopically by appearances resembling those of the cervix. This condition is probably congenital although aetiology has not been established. In the absence of symptoms, no clinical treatment is required. However, surgical intervention is advocated, when stenosis gives rise to symptoms, there is a suspicion of malignancy, or the ulceration due to the disease. Distal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy is the treatment of choice.
Diagnostic Errors↗
Intrahepatic peribiliary glands of humans. II. Pathological spectrum.
The pathological spectrum of intrahepatic peribiliary glands is reviewed here. Several categories of histopathological changes such as necro-inflammation, cystic dilatation, hyperplasia and neoplasia have been identified in this glandular system. Necro-inflammation is associated with biliary tract diseases and chronic advanced liver diseases and may also appear in the livers of subjects with extrahepatic diseases such as sepsis. Cystic changes of microscopic sizes are not uncommon in autopsy livers of chronic advanced liver diseases, portal hypertensive diseases and also polycystic liver of adult type. Grossly recognizable cysts are, however, infrequent and occasionally cause compression of the adjoining bile ducts. Hyperplasia of these glands, which occurs consistently in hepatolithiasis and more variably in other conditions (e.g. biliary tract infection and submassive hepatic necrosis), may be associated with hypersecretion of seromucinous substances. Hyperplasia of peribiliary glands may then lead to mucin-related biliary diseases. In addition, these glands, particularly the hyperplastic ones, could be a precursor of cholangiocarcinoma. The pathological spectrum of the intrahepatic peribiliary glands is being expanded, although a clinical pathological correlation remains uncharted. Furthermore, age-related variations and non-specific reactive changes of these glands remain unexplored.
Bile Duct Diseases↗
A randomized prospective study of oral versus intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis against postoperative infection after sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible.
BACKGROUND: We investigated whether oral levofloxacin was as effective as intravenous cefazolin sodium for preventing postoperative infections in patients undergoing sagittal split ramus osteotomy of the mandible. METHODS: Forty-four patients were randomized to treatment with levofloxacin or cefazolin sodium. Levofloxacin (100 mg t.d.s.) was administered orally, and cefazolin sodium (1 g b.i.d.) by intravenous infusion. Both drugs were given until 5 days postoperatively. The concentrations of levofloxacin in the mandibular bone marrow and serum were measured. RESULTS: The mean levofloxacin concentration 4 h and 53.7 min after administration was 1.086 microg/ml in serum and 1.328 microg/ml in the mandibular bone marrow. The efficacy rate of levofloxacin was 95% and that of cefazolin sodium was 85.7%, with no significant difference between the two drugs (p = 0.322). CONCLUSION: Oral administration of levofloxacin is a simple, cost-effective and safe alternative to intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis after mandibular surgery.
Administration, Oral↗
Overexpression of low density lipoprotein receptor on Chinese hamster ovary cells generates foam cells.
The atherosclerotic lesion is characterized by the presence of cholesterol-loaded foam cells. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells do not normally store cholesteryl esters because low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors are suppressed by exposure of these cells to LDL cholesterol. We transfected LDL receptor cDNA linked to the simian virus 40 early promoter into CHO cells (CHO 29) and found that LDL receptor binding in these cells was not suppressed by an excess amount of LDL cholesterol, indicating no regulation of the LDL receptor in CHO 29 cells. Furthermore, CHO 29 cells showed a high activity of LDL uptake and intracellular accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Light-microscopic examination demonstrated the resulting formation of foam cells in CHO 29 cells in the presence of 5 micrograms LDL/ml. These results demonstrated that foam cell changes in atherosclerotic lesions can be reproduced in CHO cells, whose LDL receptor activity is overexpressed, through the mechanism of LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis of native LDL.
Animals↗
Effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor on the secretion of lipoprotein lipase from macrophages.
The effects of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on the secretion of lipoprotein lipase were studied in rat alveolar macrophages. Five nanograms per milliliter M-CSF significantly enhanced lipoprotein lipase secretion (threefold), and the maximal effect (10-fold) of M-CSF on lipoprotein lipase secretion was observed at a dose of 200 ng/ml M-CSF. The effect of M-CSF was time dependent but was not manifested during the first 8 hours of incubation. After 24 hours, its effects were evident and dose dependent. On blot hybridization of macrophage RNAs with human cDNA of lipoprotein lipase, a remarkable and dose-dependent increase in mRNA level (7.3-fold) was found in M-CSF-treated alveolar macrophages. The secretion of lipoprotein lipase was also enhanced in human monocyte-derived macrophages (2.6-fold), whereas the secretion from either THP-1 cells, P388 cells, or J774 cells was not significantly enhanced. These results indicate that the stimulation of lipoprotein lipase secretion after M-CSF treatment was evident in rat alveolar macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages on the basis of both enzyme activity and mRNA level; therefore, M-CSF may be involved in lipoprotein metabolism of macrophages through modulation of the secretion of lipoprotein lipase.
Animals↗
Manganese deposition in the brain during long-term total parenteral nutrition.
BACKGROUND: Manganese deposition was suspected in a pediatric patient who received long-term total parenteral nutrition. T1-weighted magnetic resonance images revealed high intensity areas in the globus pallidus. This study was designed to clarify if these abnormal findings were related to manganese deposition and clinical neurological manifestations. METHODS: Whole-blood manganese concentrations were measured during manganese supplementation to total parenteral nutrition and after 5 months without manganese. Magnetic resonance images were also examined on each occasion and compared with the blood level of manganese. RESULTS: The whole-blood manganese level during supplementation was 135 micrograms/L (normal range 14.6 +/- 4.7 micrograms/L), whereas the level was 20 micrograms/L after a manganese-free period of 5 months. Accompanied with normalization of manganese level, abnormal high intensity lesions in the globus pallidus on T1-weighted images also disappeared. No neurological manifestation related to the high manganese level was recognized. CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that the high manganese level was elicited by manganese supplementation to total parenteral nutrition. This high manganese condition was confirmed by the measurement of whole-blood manganese level, which was associated with the abnormal high intensity lesions on T1-weighted magnetic resonance images.
Brain↗
Primary malignant lymphoma of the brain--clinical and pathological investigations.
Clinical and pathological studies were made on 5 patients (1 male and 4 females; average age, 58.2 years) with primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. One case had received long-term immunosuppressive therapy for SLE. The most common initial signs and symptoms were non-specific and non-localized. They included headache, disorientation and consciousness disturbance. During the course, the signs and symptoms consisted of consciousness disturbance (5 cases), hemiparesis (4 cases), headache (3 cases), dementia (2 cases), seizures (2 cases), and diplopia (1 case). The tumors on CT scans appeared as slight hyperdense areas in 3 cases, and as isodense areas in 1 case with enhancement following contrast media infusion, which was compatible with previously reported results. However, the other case showed diffuse hypodense areas without enhancement which has rarely been reported. Multiple lesions were found in 4 cases. Three cases underwent cerebral angiography which demonstrated avascular masses. Pathologically, the tumors were located in the cerebral hemispheres in 5 cases, the basal ganglia and thalamus in 3 cases, the brain stem in 2 cases, and the cerebellum in 2 cases. Three cases were classified as of the diffuse, large cell type, 1 case as small cleaved cell and 1 case as immunoblastic. Thus, the clinical diagnosis of primary malignant lymphoma of the brain still remains difficult because the symptoms and CT findings are so varied.
Aged↗
Thrombocytopenia subsequently develops systemic lupus erythematosus--can anti-SS-A antibody predict the next event?
In order to detect diagnostic clues to identify patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia which is likely to develop systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a retrospective study was conducted. Of 39 patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia, 4 fulfilled the diagnostic criteria being between 4.5 and 14 years after the initial diagnosis of "idiopathic" thrombocytopenic purpura. The remaining 35 patients were found to be idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) after at least a 5-year follow-up. It was noted that in patients with SLE who had thrombocytopenia at presentation, only 4 or 5 findings of diagnostic criteria were observed. Of particular interest, all patients who developed SLE were positive for anti-SS-A antibody, in contrast none of the patients with ITP had this antibody. Furthermore, despite the few clinical manifestations, we noted lupus peritonitis in 1 patient and pulmonary hypertension in another patient. In conclusion, the anti-SS-A antibody is an excellent clue for the early detection of SLE occurring as "idiopathic" thrombocytopenic purpura.
Antibodies, Antinuclear↗
Cancer risk in space due to radiation assessed by determining cell lethality and mutation frequencies of prokaryotes and a plasmid during the Second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) Space Shuttle experiment.
We participated in a space experiment conducted during the 2nd International Microgravity Laboratory Mission (IML-2) project. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of space radiation, i.e., high-LET (linear energy transfer) cosmic radiation, on living organisms in the 'Realtime Radiation Monitoring Device (RRMD)'. The biological samples, dried E. coli DNA repair-deficient mutant cells and shuttle vector plasmid pZl89 DNA, were prepared and placed in a biospecimen box sandwiched between 'Harzlas' plastic radiation detectors. This box was then loaded into the RRMD sensor unit in the Space Shuttle 'Columbia' and an identical box was left in the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) as a control. 'Columbia' (flight No. STS-65) was launched from KSC in Florida, USA on July 8, 1994. The mission duration was 14.75 days and after 'Columbia' returned to earth, we studied (i) the lethal and mutagenic effects of high-LET cosmic radiation on E. coli mutants and (ii) the relationship between high-LET cosmic radiation and the mutation frequency of pZ189 DNA. There were virtually no differences between the cell viabilities of the space and control samples of Escherichia coli KMBL3835 (wild-type), KY383 (lexA-), KY385 (recA-) and KY386 (uvrA-), nor between the mutation frequency ratios of the space and control E. coli mutant samples. Furthermore, the survival and mutation frequency of the supF gene of pZ189 DNA space samples did not differ from those of the control samples. We concluded there was no cancer risk during this Space Shuttle flight.
Cosmic Radiation↗