Kameda, Mitsuo (Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan), Kenji Harada, Mitsue Suzuki, and Susumu Mitsuhashi. Drug resistance of enteric bacteria. V. High frequency of transduction of R factors with bacteriophage epsilon. J. Bacteriol. 90:1174-1181. 1965.-In the transduction of R factors with phage epsilon(15), a lysate capable of transducing the markers for (TC) or (CM.SM.SA) resistance at high frequency was obtained. The transducing agent is a defective element called epsilon(15)dR(23) which lacks certain functions of phage epsilon(15). After lysogenization with normal epsilon(15) phage and ultraviolet (UV) induction, strains carrying the epsilon(15)dR(23) element produce lysates which have a high frequency of transduction (HFT) on group E(1)Salmonella. Lytic lysates prepared on phage epsilon(15) sensitive strain with the epsilon(15)dR(23) element have a low frequency of transduction (LFT). Lytic growth of phage epsilon(34) on an epsilon(15)dR(23) strain or UV induction of an epsilon(34) lysogenic strain containing epsilon(15)dR(23) results in LFT lysates on group E(2)Salmonella. On UV induction, group E(2)Salmonella (epsilon(15) lysogens) with the epsilon(15)dR(23) element give lysates which are HFT on group E(1)Salmonella but are LFT when tested on group E(2)Salmonella. In all instances, the production of drug-resistant transductants requires infection of the cell with only a single epsilon(15)dR(23) element. It appears that the resistance region of the R factor has replaced that portion of phage genome which is essential for vegetative replication and superinfection immunity. The epsilon(15)dR(23) element does not contain the genetic determinants of the R factor responsible for transmissibility, inhibition of F mating, and interference between two R factors.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed1965

The optical resolution of DL-aspartic acid, DL-glutamic acid, DL-asparagine and DL-glutamine by preferential crystallization.

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Asparagine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with multiple aneurysms: report of a case.

A 4-month-old male infant with acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph-node syndrome developed mitral regurgitation, pericardial effusion and multiple pulsating masses in the upper and lower extremities. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated aneurysms in both coronary arteries. Arteriography of the right arm demonstrated multiple aneurysms. Seventeen months later, arteriography and two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated regression of the aneurysms. This case provides evidence that regression of aneurysms can occur in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of low-dose dobutamine on left ventricular diastolic filling in children.

To investigate the effects of dobutamine on the Doppler transmitral flow pattern in children with normal left ventricular function, Doppler echocardiography was used to measure the transmitral flow in 14 healthy children before and during infusion of dobutamine (5 micrograms/kg per minute). Cardiac output was measured by the thermodilution method, and stroke volume was calculated as the cardiac output divided by the heart rate. Dobutamine increased the peak velocity and flow velocity-time integral of early diastolic filling without changing those of atrial contraction and normalized peak velocity of early diastolic filling, suggesting an increase in left ventricular relaxation. Dobutamine increased the stroke volume and rate-corrected mean velocity of fiber shortening with reduced end-systolic wall stress, indicating an increase in left ventricular contractility. The percentage of increase in the flow velocity-time integral of early diastolic filling during dobutamine infusion tended to correlate with the increase in stroke volume (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) and with the decrease in end-systolic wall stress (r = -0.61, p < 0.05). Our results suggest that low-dose dobutamine increases left ventricular relaxation with enhanced systolic function. The observed decreased endsystolic wall stress might have caused enhanced relaxation characteristics with dobutamine.

Cardiac Output↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of gestational age and body weight on Doppler transmitral flow velocity pattern in very low birth weight infants.

Doppler transmitral flow velocity was measured in premature infants. The early diastolic peak velocity, the peak velocity of early diastole/peak velocity of atrial contraction ratio, and total flow velocity-time integral increased significantly with advancing gestational age and body weight. The peak filling rate normalized to stroke volume (NPFR) did not correlate with gestational age or body weight. Moreover, mean NPFR was not significantly different between premature and term infants. Thus NPFR demonstrates that changes in the left ventricular filling patterns with advancing gestational age and increasing body size are related to the progressive increase in loading conditions, rather than to sequential changes in myocardial properties.

Birth Weight↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of temocapril during repeated dosing in elderly hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of temocaprilat and its hypotensive effect after single and repeated dosings of temocapril in young and elderly hypertensive patients. METHODS: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, temocapril (2 mg), was given once daily for 8 days to nine young and ten elderly hypertensive patients. Pharmacokinetics of temocaprilat, an active metabolite, and its hypotensive effect were evaluated after the first and last doses. RESULTS: The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of temocaprilat after the first dose was significantly greater in the elderly than in the young. This parameter was elevated after the final dose in both groups. The AUC (eighth dose)/AUC (first dose) ratio in the elderly was similar to that in the young. Blood pressure (BP) tended to decrease in the young and significantly decreased in the elderly after the first dose. The hypotensive effect was not enhanced after the final dose in either group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that although plasma temocaprilat concentration rises during repeated dosing, its BP-lowering effect is not enhanced in the elderly. Therefore, if a remarkable BP reduction is not detected at the initiation of treatment, the risk of hypotensive episode might be small during long-term therapy with temocapril in elderly hypertensive patients.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of dobutamine on a Doppler echocardiographic index of combined systolic and diastolic performance.

Dobutamine stress echocardiography has become accepted in the evaluation of cardiac functional reserve. Although the Doppler-derived index of combined systolic/diastolic myocardial performance (Tei index) has been reported to be easily obtainable and useful for predicting left ventricular performance, the effect of dobutamine on the Tei index has not been determined in children. To assess the effect of dobutamine on the Tei index, 8 patients who had undergone surgery for ventricular septal defect and 7 patients who had a history of Kawasaki disease were examined. Echocardiographic recordings were obtained before and after dobutamine infusion (5 microg/kg per minute). Variables measured were transmitral flow velocities (E, A, E/A), rate-corrected mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (rate-corrected Vcf), and IMP. We measured isovolumic contraction time (ICT), isovolumic relaxation time (IRT), and ejection time (ET) and then calculated the Tei index using the following formula: Tei index = (ICT + IRT)/ET. Dobutamine infusion increased rate-corrected Vcf (29%, p < 0.01), peak E (7%, p < 0.05), and peak A (13%, p < 0.05). E/A ratio did not change during dobutamine infusion. ET, ICT, and IRT were found to decrease during dobutamine infusion. The magnitude of the change in the ICT (-21%, p < 0.01) was greater than those in IRT (-12%, p < 0.01) and ET (-8%, p < 0.05). The decrease in Tei index (-16%, p < 0.01) resulted in a decrease in ICT/ET (-21%, p < 0.01) and a slight decrease in IRT/ET (-12%, p < 0.05). The Tei index has potential as a sensitive indicator of the effects of inotropic stimilation on global left ventricular function.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in pulmonary venous flow patterns in patients with ventricular septal defect.

We studied pulmonary venous (PV) flow patterns using Doppler echocardiography in 26 patients with ventricular septal defect less than 3 years of age. Fifteen patients had moderate or severe symptoms, and the remaining 11 had no significant symptoms. Peak velocity of PV diastolic flow and flow velocity integral of PV diastolic flow in the symptomatic patients were significantly larger than those in either asymptomatic patients or the normal controls. The ratio of PV diastolic flow velocity to PV systolic flow velocity and the ratio of flow velocity integral of PV diastolic flow to that of PV systolic flow in the symptomatic patients were significantly larger than those in either asymptomatic patients or the normal controls. The ratio of PV diastolic flow velocity to PV systolic flow velocity as well as the ratio of flow velocity integral of PV diastolic flow to that of PV systolic flow correlated with V wave in left atrial or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and indexes of left ventricular mass and left atrial volume. We conclude that the abnormal pulmonary venous flow patterns in ventricular septal defect might be associated with large left-to-right shunting and left atrial pressure V wave.

Blood Flow Velocity↗