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Biomedical subjects

K Harada

Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Age factor relevant to the development of radiation pneumonitis in radiotherapy of lung cancer.

The significance of age factor for the development of radiation pneumonitis is evaluated in 62 patients with lung cancer between 1977 and 1985. The younger group consists of those less than 70 years old and the elderly group of those 70 years old or more. Radiation doses ranged from 1.5 to 2 Gy, 3 to 5 times per week, therefore the delivered doses were converted to nominal single doses (rets dose). Severe radiation pneumonitis was more often observed in the elderly than in the younger regardless of radiation field size and chemotherapy (n.s.). The onset of radiation pneumonitis occurred earlier in a field size of 90 sq cm or more than in that of less than 90 sq cm in both age groups; there was no significant difference between the two age groups in each field size. The pneumonitis was more frequently noted with increasing rets dose in both age groups (n.s.) regardless of field size and chemotherapy. It is concluded that there is no significant difference in the development of radiation pneumonitis between the younger group and the elderly group, but the pneumonitis is inclined to be more severe in the latter.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chondrogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived cells by bone-inductive factor.

Rat bone marrow cells were intraperitoneally implanted within a diffusion chamber with a decalcified bone matrix or a 4 M guanidine hydrochloride extracted matrix (G-res) as control. The chamber was harvested after 28 days and soft X-ray photography, histological examination, determination of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were performed. With the decalcified bone matrix, cartilage and bone formation was observed and both alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium content were significantly higher than those in control chambers. Each chromatographic fraction on Sephacryl S-200 of the 4 M guanidine hydrochloride extract (G-ext) from the decalcified bone matrix was reconstituted with G-res and implanted either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally within a diffusion chamber with marrow cells. Intrachamber or subcutaneous cartilage and bone formation was detected by only one chromatographic fraction. When marrow-derived fibroblast-like cells were implanted intraperitoneally within a diffusion chamber with a decalcified bone matrix, cartilage and bone formation was detected, which was not the case with G-res. These results suggest that a certain factor, probably bone morphogenetic protein, which induces ectopic bone formation, allows marrow cells to differentiate into bone and cartilage tissues and there may exist so-called "inducible osteoprogenitor cells" in the marrow-derived fibroblast-like cell preparation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Macroconidial development and germination in Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes was investigated for macroconidial development with particular emphasis on the conidial ageing by light and scanning electron microscopy. Macroconidial germination was also studied under various conditions. Sabouraud glucose agar supplemented with 3% NaCl was used to enhance production of macroconidia. After a long-term cultivation macroconidial compartments changed to spherical thick-walled structure. Some 12-month-old macroconidia were still capable of germination. A wide range of temperature (15-37 degrees C), and inoculum of less than 1 X 10(5) conidia per ml of rich media were appropriate for macroconidial germination. The germination process of macroconidia was highly tolerant to NaCl. A small fraction of the conidia were able to germinate even in distilled water without activation. Effect of freeze-thaw or ultraviolet irradiation on macroconidial germination was determined.

Sodium Chloride↗
PubMed1988

Alzheimer's tangles in sudanophilic leukodystrophy.

We present a case of infantile leukodystrophy with some sudanophilic features. A normally developed male infant did well until age 15 months. Then he had episodes of myoclonus, reversal of intellectual development, rigidity with decerebrate posturing and epilepsy, which became severe. He died at age 7 years, 10 months. On autopsy, the brain was normally developed, but there was severe demyelination and gliosis throughout the white matter; the cerebellar cortex showed atrophy. The striking, unexpected finding was the presence of numerous Alzheimer's tangles containing paired helical filaments in electronmicroscopic examination, not only in the cerebral cortex but also in the brainstem, basal ganglia, and hypothalamus including the nucleus basalis of Meynert. Other unusual findings were hyperostosis of the skull and the appearance of macrophages containing PAS-positive granules in the reticuloendothelial system in many organs.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary leiomyomatosis showing endobronchial extension and giant cyst formation.

A 49-year-old woman who had previously undergone hysterectomy was found to have multiple pulmonary masses and cysts and experienced respiratory failure. Bronchoscopic study revealed an endobronchial mass obstructing the left main bronchus and protruding into the trachea. She was treated with an endoscopic laser to eliminate the airway obstruction. After recovery from the respiratory failure, two-stage thoracotomies were performed at six-month intervals. The endobronchial mass originated from a tumor in the left basal segment. The histologic findings on the cysts and nodules of both lungs were compatible with fibroleiomyoma. The final diagnosis was pulmonary leiomyomatosis with myoma uteri.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

Ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) syndrome in a case with multiple endocrine neoplasia type I.

A 36-yr-old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I had an ectopic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) syndrome due to a GHRH-secreting pancreatic tumor. The immunoreactive (IR)-GHRH concentration in his plasma ranged from 161 to 400 pg/ml (299 +/- 61 pg/ml, mean +/- SD; normal, 10.4 +/- 4.1 pg/ml), and a significant correlation was found between his plasma IR-GHRH and GH (r = 0.622, p less than 0.02). After removal of the pancreatic tumor, the high plasma GH concentration returned to nearly the normal range (42.2 +/- 31.3 to 9.6 +/- 3.8 ng/ml). These changes paralleled the normalization of his plasma IR-GHRH (16.1 +/- 3.8 pg/ml) and some of his symptoms related to acromegaly improved. However, plasma GH (7.7 +/- 1.3 ng/ml) and IGF-I (591 +/- 22 ng/ml) concentrations were high at 12 months after surgery, suggesting adenomatous changes in the pituitary somatotrophs. Before surgery, exogenous GHRH induced a marked increase in plasma GH, and somatostatin and its agonist (SMS201-995) completely suppressed GH secretion, but not IR-GHRH release. No pulsatile secretion of either IR-GHRH or GH was observed during sleep. An apparent increase in the plasma GH concentration was observed in response to administration of TRH, glucose, arginine or insulin, while plasma IR-GHRH did not show any fluctuation. However, these responses of plasma GH were reduced or no longer observed one month and one year after surgery. These results indicate that 1) a moderate increase in circulating GHRH due to ectopic secretion from a pancreatic tumor stimulated GH secretion resulting in acromegaly, and evoked GH responses to various provocative tests indistinguishable from those in patients with classical acromegaly, and 2) the ectopic secretion of GHRH may play an etiological role in the pituitary lesion of this patient with MEN type I.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1988

[Effects of ethyl alcohol ingestion on the disturbance of porphyrin metabolism by lead].

A study was made on the possibility of synergistic effects of ethyl alcohol and lead on porphyrin metabolism in rabbits. Experimental rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Group A was the control group not given any treatment, and the other 3 groups (Groups B, C and D) were treated with ethyl alcohol, lead, and ethyl alcohol and lead respectively, for 2 months. Ethyl alcohol solution (5%) was administered to rabbits in Groups B and D as drinking water on every weekday. The average dose of alcohol was 6 ml/kg/day (18 ml/cap/day). Lead was injected intravenously to rabbits in Groups C and D at a dose of 0.5 mg Pb/kg on alternate days (3 times per week). Furthermore, a large dose of Pb was administered to other rabbits (Group C'). In rabbits treated with alcohol alone (Group B), no effect was observed in the biochemical indicators related to porphyrin metabolism. In the groups treated with lead (Groups C and C') and with lead and alcohol combined (Group D), some biochemical changes in porphyrin metabolism developed with increase of Pb-B, i.e. increase of ALA-S activity and total porphyrin content in the bone marrow, elevation of FEP level, increase of ALA-U and CP-U, and decrease of ALA-D activity in erythrocytes. Comparison of Groups C and D showed that CP-U and ALA-U increased significantly in Group D, but no significant difference was observed between both groups in FEP and in ALA-S activity in the bone marrow and liver. The other laboratory measurements, such as total porphyrin contents in the liver and plasma, and GOT or GPT level in serum, showed no significant change in all the groups. In the present study, the biochemical changes suggesting synergism of lead and ethyl alcohol were observed slightly in ALA-U and CP-U but not in ALA-S and FEP. These results suggest that these changes are essentially due to lead rather than mutual enhancement of the direct effects of these two toxins on porphyrin metabolism. However, it still remains to be determined whether or not ethyl alcohol affects the liver and kidney functions which may be related to ALA and CP excretion.

5-Aminolevulinate Synthetase↗