Relationship between LET and RBE values for Escherichia coli determined using carbon ion beams from the TIARA cyclotron and HIMAC synchrotron.
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Alpha Particles↗
Biomedical subjects
K Harada
Publications and source records attributed to K Harada.
[Ataxic neuropathy in the elderly--clinicopathological study of six cases].
The combination of ataxia with peripheral neuropathy (ataxic neuropathy) is rare. Six elderly patients with peripheral neuropathy who developed ataxia were studied. Of the peripheral neuropathies, ataxic neuropathy was significantly more frequent in patients aged more than 65 years compared with younger patients. Ataxic neuropathy was associated with carcinoma (2 cases), Sjögren's syndrome (1 case), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP, 1 case) and chronic idiopathic ataxic neuropathy (2 cases). The two cases of carcinomatous neuropathy initially showed ataxia, which preceded detection of the carcinomatous lesions in the lung by approximately 1 year. The study cases had many clinical features in common. In the nerve conduction study, sural nerve action potential could not be measured in five of the cases; sural nerve biopsy revealed a decreased density of myelinated fibers in all cases. In particular, the large myelinated fibers were markedly decreased. These findings were common, regardless of the underlying disease, except in the case of CIDP in which there was only a slight decrease in the number of large myelinated fibers. Differential diagnosis based on the clinicopathological features was difficult. Therefore, in cases of ataxic neuropathy, systemic evaluation is necessary to rule out the possibility of carcinoma or various systemic diseases, especially in elderly patients.
Age Factors↗
[Preliminary evaluation of the apparent diffusion coefficient of the kidney with a spiral IVIM sequence].
We examined the usefulness of the spiral intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) sequence in measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the kidneys. Five volunteers and five patients with chronic renal failure underwent diffusion-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys with the spiral IVIM sequence. The ADC values in patients with chronic renal failure were significantly lower than those in the renal cortex of volunteers. The mean value of ADC in patients with chronic renal failure was lower than that in volunteers, although there was no statistically significant difference. In volunteers, the ADC of the renal cortex was significantly higher than that of the renal medulla. The phantom study indicated that the accuracy of ADC depended on the signal to noise ratio. A spiral IVIM sequence with a high enough signal to noise ratio may be useful in evaluating renal function especially that of the cortex.
Adult↗
Antinuclear antibody positivity in pediatric patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.
OBJECTIVE: The incidence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) positivity was investigated in pediatric patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. METHODS: Subjects were 21 untreated patients with Graves' disease, 12 untreated patients with Hashimoto's disease, and 16 untreated patients with non-autoimmune thyroid disease, including one patient with Plummer's disease, 11 patients with simple goiter (probable), and 4 patients with cretinism. Patients with Graves' disease were treated with either propylthiouracil or methimazole. ANA was measured using HEp-2 cells. Anti-dsDNA antibody was measured using double stranded DNA derived from an Escherichia coli plasmid. RESULTS: The incidence of ANA positivity was significantly higher in patients with untreated Graves' disease (n = 21; age range 9-15 yrs) than in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 12; age range 7-15 yrs) (p < 0.03, Fisher's exact probability test). However, the 2 diseases were not significantly different with respect to anti-dsDNA antibody positivity. Most of the ANA positive patients with Graves' disease required treatment for more than 2 years, unlike the 6 ANA negative patients (p < 0.002, Fisher's exact probability test). CONCLUSION: We conclude that ANA positivity may predict a poor response to antithyroid drugs in Graves' disease.
Adolescent↗
[An autopsied case doubly infected by mucor mycelia and herpes simplex virus-2 in the remission state after bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia].
A 36-year-old woman who had been in complete remission after bone marrow transplantation against her leukemia presented with visual disturbance and cerebellar signs. She showed unusual involuntary movement as if she rolled a ball of string, and died two months after the onset of illness. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellar dentate nucleus, superior colliculus, midbrain pretectum and red nucleus, and mucor mycelia were numerously found. HSV-2 immunoreactivity was found in both astroglial and oligodendroglial perikaraya. These hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions were partly associated with HSV-2 infection, but it was difficult to discriminate those from mucormycotic lesions. The unusual involuntary movement was considered to be due to basal ganglia lesions. This case was double infection by mucor mycelia and HSV 2, and clinicopathological consideration was described.
Adult↗
[Risk of side branch occlusion after coronary Palmaz-Schatz stenting].
The immediate and long-term patency of lesion-associated side branches after Palmaz-Schatz stent implantation was assessed by coronary angiography in 78 patients (83 lesions) at baseline, before and immediately after Palmaz-Schatz stent placement, and at 6 months. The patency of side branches was then analyzed. Of 83 lesions stented, 48 stent placements spanned 53 side branches with a diameter > or = 0.5 mm. Ten (19%) side branches were occluded before and 14 (26%) after stenting, and 4 (8%) at 6 months. Side branch ostial stenosis (> or = 50%) was present in 17 side branches; 5 (29%) with ostial stenosis became occluded before and 12 (71%) after stenting. Four of nine (44%) side branches arising from stenosis became occluded after predilatation and five (56%) after stenting. These findings demonstrate that both ostial stenosis and the location of side branches are associated with side branch occlusion.
Adult↗
Calcium movements, distribution, and functions in smooth muscle.
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Animals↗
Proliferative potentials of glioma cells and vascular components determined with monoclonal antibody MIB-1.
Proliferative activity in 78 glioma specimens was assessed immunohistochemically by determining proliferating index of tumor cells (PTC-PI) and endothelial cells (PEC-PI) using the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. The PTC-PI of anaplastic astrocytoma (9.0 +/- 5.8: mean + standard deviation) was significantly higher than that of astrocytoma (1.2 +/- 0.4, < 0.01), and lower than that of glioblastoma multiforme (12.0 +/- 5.6, < 0.05). We then compared PTC-PI values with the prognosis of patients with malignant glioma (both glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma). Kaplan-Meier survival rate analysis demonstrated higher survival rates in patients with less than 8.0% of PTC-PI at 5 and 10 years (p < 0.05). These results suggested PTC-PI provides useful information which may allow better assessment of the biological behaviour and clinical prognosis of glioma, in addition to histological grading. While the average PEC-PI value (3.3) was lower than that of PTC-PI (7.0), there was a significantly close relationship between them (p < 0.01), fostering the developments novel therapies directed towards suppression of microvascular regeneration.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
[A childhood case of systemic lupus erythematosus associated with myasthenia gravis].
We described a 12-year-old girl with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with myasthenia gravis (MG). She had absence seizures from 6 years old. She admitted to our hospital at 12 years of age because of absence seizures and dyspnea. The diagnosis of SLE was made on the basis of convulsion, arthritis, pleurisy, and positive antinuclear factor and was started therapy with prednisolone. The clinical course was complicated by the appearance of dysphagia and hoarseness. On the basis of positive Tensilon test and a high level of serum anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, we made a diagnosis of the systemic type of MG. Her condition was improved by methylprednisolone pulse therapy and gamma-globulin therapy after plasmapheresis. The association of early-onset SLE with MG is rare.
Age of Onset↗
[A case of early-onset acute disseminated encephalomyelitis].
We reported a rare case of early-onset acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). After a nonspecific upper respiratory infection, a 14-month-old boy developed oculomotor nerve paralysis, nystagmus, intention tremor and ataxic gait. MRI showed extensive symmetric high signal lesions in th bilateral cerebellar and cerebral white matters. We made the diagnosis of ADEM on the basis of high CSF myelin basic protein, clinical course, symptoms and MRI findings. Following the administration of steroid hormone, his clinical symptoms rapidly improved.
Age of Onset↗
An autopsy case of acute chloroform intoxication after intermittent inhalation for years.
A 39-year-old female died shortly after inhalation of chloroform by a saturated towel placed over her face by her lover, who also inhaled and became unconscious. They had inhaled chloroform once or twice a month for about seven years. Fatal level of chloroform was detected in the blood and tissues by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis. The fragmentation and waviness of cardiomyocytes that indicates hypercontraction, along with the edema and hemorrhage of the lung, shows the presence of acute heart failure possibly caused by arrhythmias or cardiac depression. The unusual numbers of lipofuscin pigments in the heart as well as in the liver may be generated by the chronic use of chloroform.
Acute Disease↗
[Optimum protocol of technetium-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion imaging for the detection of coronary stenosis lesions in Kawasaki disease].
The clinical usefulness of a new myocardial perfusion imaging agent, technetium-99m tetrofosmin, was assessed in 58 patients for a total of 76 times (mean age 9.7 years, 1-15 years) including 20 with and 26 without significant coronary stenotic lesions in Kawasaki disease. Pharmacological (dobutamine or adenosine triphosphate disodium) or exercise stress technetium-99m tetrofosmin single photon emission computed tomography was performed under stress and at rest on the same day. The sensitivity for detection of stress-induced perfusion defects by this method was 90% (18/ 20) and the specificity was 85% (22/26). The dose was 9.3 +/- 2.5 MBq/kg under stress and 18.7 +/- 5.6 MBq/kg at rest. No significant correlation was recognized between the dose and the image quality. Adequate image quality was provided by projection time 20-40 sec per frame. Increased liver accumulation was seen in 24% (18/76), especially in younger and pharmacological stress cases. The acquisition starting time after tetrofosmin injection was 58.4 +/- 18.7 min in the negative increased liver accumulation group and 43.7 +/- 18.3 min in the positive group (p < 0.01). We recommend that the following protocol is used for pediatric imaging. 1) The standard tetrofosmin dose is rougly 10 MBq/kg (upper limit 370 MBq) at stress and the double dose for the rest imaging. 2) SPECT projection time of 20-40 sec per frame. 3) In practice, the patient should be fasting prior to stress injection, and the imaging should be done 1 hour after eating. The rest injection should be done immediately thereafter, and the rest image should be obtained 1 hour later.
Adolescent↗
Proliferative potentials of glioma cells and vascular components determined with monoclonal antibody MIB-1.
Proliferative activity in 78 glioma specimens was assessed immunohistochemically by determining proliferating index of tumor cells (PTC-PI) and endothelial cells (PEC-PI) using the MIB-1 monoclonal antibody. The PTC-PI of anaplastic astrocytoma (9.0 +/- 5.8: mean +/- standard deviation) was significantly higher than that of astrocytoma (1.2 +/- 0.4, < 0.01), and lower than that of glioblastoma multiforme (12.0 +/- 5.6, < 0.05). We then compared PTC-PI values, patients' age and extent of tumor resection with the prognosis of patients with malignant glioma (both glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma). Kaplan-Meier survival rate analysis demonstrated higher survival rates in patients with less than 8.0% of PTC-PI at 5 and 10 years (p < 0.05). The mean age of patients who survived more than a year was lower than that of patients who died within a year (53.0 y.o., vs. 59.7 y.o., p < 0.01). Total or subtotal resection of the tumor was more often performed in the former than latter patients (51% vs. 21%, p < 0.01). These results suggested PTC-PI provides useful information which may allow better assessment of the biological behavior and clinical prognosis of glioma, in addition to histological grading, patients' age and extent of tumor resection. While the average PEC-PI value (3.3) was lower than that of PTC-PI (7.0), there was a significantly close relationship between PTC- and PEC values (p < 0.01), providing an impetus to develop novel therapies directed toward suppression of microvascular regeneration.
Adult↗
Synthesis of novel dioxane nucleosides having two bases, physico-chemical properties, and their biological activities.
Novel dioxane nucleosides having two bases, 2(R)-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-5(R)-hydroxymethyl-3(R)-(uracil-1-yl)-1,4-dioxane (7a) and 2(S)-(5-fluorouracil-1-yl)-5(R)-hydroxymethyl-3(R)-(uracil-1-yl)-1,4-dioxane (7b) were synthesized from uridine to develop a new category of nucleoside for therapeutic use. Some derivative of precursors of the nucleoside were also synthesized and several compounds synthesized were tested antitumor activity using human gastric cancer cell lines in culture.
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
Synergistic effects of transforming growth factor-beta on the expression of c-fms, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor gene, in vascular smooth muscle cells.
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) transform to foam cells in the process of atherosclerosis. We have reported that SMC derived from the intima of atherosclerotic lesions express c-fms, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor gene, which is not normally expressed in medial SMC. In the present study, we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) synergistically induced expression of c-fms in the presence of platelet-derived growth factor-BB in human medial SMC, a level comparable to that observed in the intima. The induction of c-fms was not inhibited by protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, suggesting that TGF-beta induces c-fms via a PKC-independent pathway. These results suggest that TGF-beta plays an important role in the phenotypic change of smooth muscle cells to macrophage-like cells in the process of atherosclerosis.
Becaplermin↗
Mesons in the massive Schwinger model on the light cone.
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Journal Article↗
Direct Observation of Vortex Dynamics in Superconducting Films with Regular Arrays of Defects
The microscopic mechanism of the matching effect in a superconductor, which manifested itself as the production of peaks or cusps in the critical current at specific values of the applied magnetic field, was investigated with Lorentz microscopy to allow direct observation of the behavior of vortices in a niobium thin film having a regular array of artificial defects. Vortices were observed to form regular and consequently rigid lattices at the matching magnetic field, at its multiples, and at its fractions. The dynamic observation furthermore revealed that vortices were most difficult to move at the matching field, whereas excess vortices moved easily.
Journal Article↗
Effects of cardiac output on Doppler transmitral and transtricuspid flow velocity patterns in very low birth weight infants.
We studied effects of cardiac output on Doppler transmitral and transtricuspid flow velocities in 24 appropriate for gestational age premature infants. We measured peak flow velocity of early diastole (peak E) and atrial contraction (peak A), ratio of peak flow velocity of early diastole to atrial contraction (peak E/A), total flow velocity-time integral, the first third filling fraction, peak filling rate normalized to stroke volume, and deceleration time (DT). Cardiac output was calculated as the product of the aortic flow velocity-time integral, aortic valve area, and heart rate. The cardiac output increased significantly with advancing gestational age and body weight (r = 0.78 and 0.86, P < 0.01, respectively). With increasing cardiac output, the transmitral as well as transtricuspid peak E, peak E/A, and total flow velocity-time integral increased significantly without any change in the peak filling rate normalized to stroke volume, peak A, and deceleration time. The transmitral as well as transtricuspid peak E did not correlate with the heart rate. Although these results do not establish whether changes in ventricular relaxation process or in cardiac output is responsible for the progressive increase in the peak E and peak E/A. Unchanged peak filling rate normalized to stroke volume of the left and right ventricles suggest that changes in cardiac output with maturity is, in fact, one of the important contributory factors. This evidence should be borne in mind in interpreting ventricular diastolic filling as an index of ventricular diastolic function in premature infants.
Blood Flow Velocity↗