Do not resuscitate.
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Attitude to Health↗
Biomedical subjects
K Hammer
Publications and source records attributed to K Hammer.
[Gynecologists in the Radium Hospital].
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Adult↗
Isolation of Escherichia coli rpoB mutants resistant to killing by lambda cII protein and altered in pyrE gene attenuation.
Escherichia coli mutants simultaneously resistant to rifampin and to the lethal effects of bacteriophage lambda cII protein were isolated. The sck mutant strains carry alterations in rpoB that allow them to survive cII killing (thus the name sck), but that do not impair either the expression of cII or the activation by cII of the lambda promoters pE and pI. The sck-1, sck-2, and sck-3 mutations modify transcription termination. The growth of lambda, but not of the N-independent lambda variant, lambda nin-5, is hindered by these mutations, which act either alone or in concert with the bacterial nusA1 mutation. In contrast to their effect on lambda growth, the three mutations reduce transcription termination in bacterial operons. The E. coli pyrE gene, which is normally regulated by attenuation, is expressed constitutively in the mutant strains. The sck mutations appear to prevent pyrE attenuation by slowing the rate of transcriptional elongation of the pyrE leader sequence. The sck-6 mutation, unlike the other sck mutations, neither increases pyrE expression nor inhibits the ability of lambda to suppress transcription termination. Instead, the sck-6 mutation blocks the growth of the lambda variants lambda nin-5 and lambda red-3.
Bacteriophage lambda↗
Neuropathy associated with cryoglobulinemia.
A patient with severe subacute sensory ataxia was found to have an IgM (kappa) cryoglobulin. Clinical, electrophysiologic, and sural nerve biopsy studies indicated that axonal degeneration and segmental demyelination both played a role in the pathogenesis of this neuropathy. Corticosteroid therapy was associated with notable clinical improvement and a 50% decrease in cryoglobulin concentration.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Perineuritis and ulcerative colitis.
We describe the association of chronic polyneuropathy with ulcerative colitis. Electrophysiologic studies disclosed a severe neuropathy with both axonal and demyelinating features. The CSF protein content was 875 mg/dl. Sural nerve biopsy revealed perineuritis. Peripheral neuropathy with perineuritis may be an immunologically mediated extraintestinal manifestation of ulcerative colitis.
Colitis, Ulcerative↗
Slow resolution of multifocal weakness and fasciculation: a reversible motor neuron syndrome.
A 25-year-old man with multifocal weakness and fasciculation was thought to have motor neuron disease. Signs progressed for 1 year, plateaued, and 3 years later resolved almost completely. There was no evidence of paraproteinemia, lymphoproliferative disorder, or vasculitis, and myelography was normal. Electrodiagnostic study disclosed multifocal, acute and chronic denervation that evolved into a picture consistent with residuals of old multifocal radiculopathy without active denervation. Prolongation of F response, absence of H-reflex, and conduction block in a proximal nerve segment suggested multifocal demyelination. A proximal motor neuropathy, perhaps demyelinating, may cause some of the benign motor neuron syndromes that simulate motor neuron disease.
Adult↗
Two operator sites separated by 599 base pairs are required for deoR repression of the deo operon of Escherichia coli.
DeoP1 and deoP2 promoter fragments from the deo operon of Escherichia coli have been transcriptionally fused to the galactokinase gene. From single-copy expression of these fusions it is shown that the deoR binding site of both deoP1 and deoP2 are necessary to achieve full repression of the deo operon by the deoR repressor. Repression of the promoters can be achieved either by supplying extra deoR repressor in trans or by introduction of an extra deoR binding site at a position between 224 and 997 bp upstream of the promoter. Furthermore, the deoP2 promoter is shown to be regulated in a cumulative way by both the deoR and the cytR repressors, while deoP1 is only regulated by the deoR repressor. DeoP2 is a strong promoter being 20 times stronger than araPBAD and four times stronger than deoP1.
Base Composition↗
The internal regulated promoter of the deo operon of Escherichia coli K-12.
Previous studies of the structure and regulation of the deo operon in Escherichia coli have localized an internal regulated promoter, called deoP3, in front of the two distal genes in the operon. We report here the nucleotide sequence of the distal portion of the deoA, the deoA-deoB intercistronic region and the first part of the deoB gene, and show that deoP3 overlaps the distal segment of the deoA gene. The location of the internal promoter and the transcriptional start site were determined by means of 1) sequence homology to the consensus promoter sequence of E. coli, 2) high resolution S1 nuclease mapping of in vivo transcripts and 3) in vivo regulation of beta-galactosidase from low as well as high copy number P31acZ protein fusion vectors.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Formation of antibodies against heterologous and autologous liver tissue in the dog].
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Animals↗
[Report on affiliation in a psychiatric and neurologic department].
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Humans↗
Long-range cooperativity between gene regulatory sequences in a prokaryote.
Regulation of transcription initiation by proteins binding at DNA sequences some distance from the promoter region itself seems to be a general phenomenon in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Proteins bound to an enhancer site in eukaryotes can turn on a distant gene, whereas efficient repression of some prokaryotic genes such as the gal, ara and deo operons of Escherichia coli, requires the presence of two operator sites, separated by 110, 200 and 600 base pairs (bp) respectively. In the deo operon, which encodes nucleoside catabolizing enzymes, we have shown that efficient and cooperative repression can be obtained when the distance between the two sites ranges from 224 to 997 bp. Here, we report that transcription initiation can be regulated from an operator site placed 1 to 5 kilobases (kb) downstream of the deoP2 promoter (and downstream of the transcribed gene), and present the first experimental data for prokaryotic regulation at distances greater than 1 kb. Our results support the model of DNA loop formation as a common regulatory mechanism explaining both some prokaryotic regulation and the action of eukaryotic enhancers.
Cells↗
The development of a hospice junior volunteer program.
In the United States, volunteer services are mandated by hospice Medicare guidelines; volunteers provide a very valuable service to patients, families, and other members of the interdisciplinary team. A hospice junior volunteer program can engage teens in the care of the dying in our communities. This article describes the development and implementation of a junior volunteer program at St. Thomas Hospice in Hinsdale, Illinois.
Adolescent↗
Artificial promoters for metabolic optimization.
In this article, we review some of the expression systems that are available for Metabolic Control Analysis and Metabolic Engineering, and examine their advantages and disadvantages in different contexts. In a recent approach, artificial promoters for modulating gene expression in micro-organisms were constructed using synthetic degenerated oligonucleotides. From this work, a promoter library was obtained for Lactococcus lactis, containing numerous individual promoters and covering a wide range of promoter activities. Importantly, the range of promoter activities was covered in small steps of activity change. Promoter libraries generated by this approach allow for optimization of gene expression and for experimental control analysis in a wide range of biological systems by choosing from the promoter library promoters giving, e.g., 25%, 50%, 200%, and 400% of the normal expression level of the gene in question. If the relevant variable (e.g., the flux or yield) is then measured with each of these constructs, then one can calculate the control coefficient and determine the optimal expression level. One advantage of the method is that the construct which is found to have the optimal expression level is then, in principle, ready for use in the industrial fermentation process; another advantage is that the system can be used to optimize the expression of different enzymes within the same cell.
Base Sequence↗