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Biomedical subjects

K Hambsch

Publications and source records attributed to K Hambsch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Carotid steal syndrome: a case study.

The progression of subclavian arterial stenosis and the subsequent formation of collateral pathways serve to alter the pressure gradients in subclavian steal syndrome, altering ipsilateral vertebral artery flow from its normal state to "latent," "transient," and "continuous" steals. A similar altered flow in the carotid arteries can be observed with stenosis of the proximal common or innominate artery. A 59-year-old man was seen in the vascular laboratory for evaluation of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. An incidental asymptomatic stenosis of the right innominate and left proximal subclavian artery was found. Further cerebral vascular evaluation displayed a continuous right subclavian steal and a latent steal in the right internal carotid artery. Transcranial Doppler examination displayed "transient" steal in the terminal right internal carotid artery. Combining duplex and transcranial Doppler evaluations allows sequential evaluation of the progression of arterial disease and its effect on the flow patterns in the cerebral vasculature.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

[Cytomorphological and cytochemical studies of experimentally-induced thyroid tumors in the rat].

Carcinomas were induced to the thyroid gland of female rats, using a method originally proposed by Thomas and Bollmann (metachronous application of nitrosomethylurea and methylthiouracil), to establish cytomorphological, histomorphological, cytochemical, and flow-cytophotometric criteria for diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. Verification was also intended of the diagnostic value of each of the methods involved for differentiation of nodular goitre. Another purpose of the study was to find out, whether chemically induced thyroid tumours in rat were comparable to thyroid neoplasms in man. This provided to the examiners genetically coherent and morphologically comparable biological material at various stages of thyroid tumour growth which included diffuse and adenomatous hyperplasias, adenomas, and, from the 18th to 42nd experimental weeks, papillary as well as follicular carcinomas in 31 to 100% of all experimental animals involved. Cytomorphological comparability of rat thyroid material (imprint specimens) with human material (fine-needle aspiration cytology) was ensured for normal as well as for hyperplastically altered thyroid glands, including adenomatous and carcinomatous changes. Hence, group typing of thyroid cytology, originally devised for human specimens, could be easily adapted to material obtained from rat. Assessment of cytological samples by microscopic criteria yielded an accuracy of 89% in malignoma diagnosis and proved to be an approach of highly informative potential also in the context of rat experiments. Use of additional cytochemical techniques (PAS, toluidine-blue, peroxidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) as well as quantitative DNA determination by means of flow-cytophotometry was helpful in casting light at some scattered trends of change from normal for certain stages of proliferation, but it failed to enhance information in cytomorphological diagnosis of the individual case.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Incidence of goiter and thyroiditis in chronic inflammatory rheumatism].

In our investigations 201 patients with rheumatoid arthritis show in 127 cases according 63.2% (123 women = 71.1%; 4 women = 14.3%) and 32 patients with collagen diseases in 11 cases according 34.4% (11 women = 43.3%) a goiter. In comparison to a control group with a goiter incidence of 29.5% in women (168 out of 570 women), we found in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis or collagen diseases a clearly higher prevalence of goiter. But there was no difference of goiter frequency between the small groups of men. A second aim of our study was to investigate, whether an increased occurrence of the hypertrophic kind of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is to find in patients with rheumatic diseases, because of a possible association of two immunological induced affections. The results of sonographical, immunological and cytological examinations of the thyroid gland suggested no high responsibility of Hashimoto's thyroiditis for the goiter frequency in rheumatism. Only in three out of 201 investigated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1.5%) we were able to diagnose this disease. In comparison to a rheumatologically healthy population out of the same catchment area (HT-frequency less than 0.5%), indeed the morbidity rate in rheumatic patients seems to be 3 times higher. But for a goiter frequency of altogether 63.2% in this disease the Hashimoto's thyroiditis is only of very small importance. Other causes such as pharmacotherapy with goitrogenic antirheumatic drugs, conditions of iodine deficiency, disposition and probably also an increase of thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins may be alone or in combination or a much higher degree responsible for goiter development in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or collagen diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Circannual oscillations of function compared with morphometric changes in the thyroid gland of the Wistar-rat.

To investigate biological rhythms of the thyroid gland circannual oscillations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) were compared in serum samples of untreated young male Wistar-rats with the circannual changes of thyroid weights and with the relative proportion of colloid, epithelium, and interstitium of the thyroids. Animals were kept under standard environmental conditions, however, lighting conditions simulated the natural day-night changes. Thyroid weights, T4, T3, and TSH showed a statistically significant circannual rhythm with maxima in winter and spring and minima in summer and autumn. The same circannual patterns were observed in the proportion of epithelium and interstitium of the thyroids, while the colloid exhibited an inverse circannual pattern. These data were verified by biomathematical methods, like locally adjusted functional approximation, analysis of variance, and Spearman rank correlation. Our results represent an example for the concordance between functional and morphometrical changes in the course of circannual oscillations. Furthermore, these data confirm our earlier results describing higher T4-levels in the winter time (short-day) and lower serum titers in the summer time (long-day).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Low T3 syndrome and chronic inflammatory rheumatism].

For the clarification of pathogenesis and clinical relevance of decreases of the triiodothyronine (T3) level in patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatism in a group of 63 patients with clinically, paraclinically and roentgenologically diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (59 times) and with SLE (4 times), respectively, parallel were determined parameters of the thyroid gland function and of the rheumatic activity as well as a subtile drug anamnesis for the medication of antirheumatic drugs was established. In 33 of the 63 patients who were included into the study decreases and low normal values, respectively, for the total T3 (TT3 less than 1.5 nmol/l) were found. In comparison to the remaining 30 patients with normal TT3 a typical constellation of paraclinical parameters of the thyroid gland with distinct reduction of TT3 and free T3 (FT3), low normal total T4 (TT4), slight increase of the reverse T3 (rT3), moderate decrease of the basal and stimulated TSH and an only very small restriction of the binding capacity of the thyroid hormone (TBG) were found. A clinically relevant hypothyroidism is thus to be excluded with certainty. Antirheumatic drugs, in particular steroidal ones (glucocorticoids) may on principle also induce such paraclinical constellations, related to the thyroid gland. In our investigations a therapy with antirheumatic drugs is causally scarcely considered, since both in the group of patients with decrease of T3 and without decrease comparable quantities of antirheumatic drugs including glucocorticoids were administered and the cortisol values in the plasma do not differ. The investigations confirm our already formerly expressed supposition that also in rheumatics a "low-T3-syndrome" is existing as it is otherwise described in consumptive extrathyroidal diseases (NTI).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in the blood picture in hyperthyroidism].

On the basis of a retrospective study about 276 clinically and paraclinically ascertained cases of hyperthyroidism in 34% of the patients above all mild anaemias could be proved which under thyreostatic therapy with thiamazol which after repeated incidence of an euthyroid metabolic situation vastly normalized themselves also without an anaemia-specific additional medication. Leukocytopenias (5.8%) and thrombocytopenias (3.3%) had only a low frequency in untreated hyperthyroidism. Nevertheless an unequivocal parallelity of the haematologic changes was to be observed in erythro-, granulo- and thrombopoiesis. There was a clear correlation between the activity of hyperthyroidism, measured at the T3- or T4 level, and anaemia and haemocytopenia, respectively. Lacking substance deficiency conditions and signs of haemolysis let us first of all think of a causal thyrotoxic bone-marrow damage on account of the dependence of the haematologic changes on the activity of hyperthyroidism and their immediate influencibility by aimed thyrostatic therapy. A relatively low dosed thiamazol therapy has influence on haematopoiesis and peripheral blood picture only at a very small percentage, in which cases the changes mostly are fully reversible. Thereby the initial haematologic situation before the therapy does not provide any predictability for perhaps appearing haematotoxic or allergic side-effects under thyreostatic treatment. The thiamazol therapy does not show any recognizable side-effects in the dosage administered on the investigated leukocytic functions agglomeration, adhesion and phyagocytosis. Only for the adhesion of leukocytes was proved a significant functional disturbance of leukocytes, which was, however, reversible with normalization of metabolism and with high probability was also directly thyreotoxically induced.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of three histometric methods for the comprehension of stimulating effects on the rat thyroid gland].

There exist some histometric methods for the morphological quantification of different strongly stimulating effects on the thyroid gland induced by drugs and/or other chemical substances in dependence upon dose and duration of application. But in respect of technical and temporal expense and also diagnostic statement, there are considerable differences between these recording procedures. Therefore we examined the 3 mostly used methods synchronously (i.e. determination of thyroid epithelial cell height, nuclear volume in thyrocytes, and estimation of relative volume parts in the thyroid gland by the point counting method) by investigating the thyroid glands of methylthiouracil-(MTU)-stimulated rats and corresponding controls in order to compare the diagnostic value and temporal expense. The largest temporal expense was required in the nuclear volume determination, the smallest in the point-counting method. On principle, all 3 procedures allow the determination of hypertrophic alterations but only by help of the point-counting method, also hyperplastic changes are recognizable. By nuclear volume determination, we found significant differences between central and peripheral parts of the thyroid gland. Therefore, to avoid the subjective error, it will be necessary to measure a large number of nuclei in many planes of the gland. Also the determination of epithelial cell high reinforces the subjective error because of the heterological structure especially in unstimulated thyroid gland. If the number of counting points is exactly determined and, full of sense, limited, the point-counting method allows a nearly complete measuring of the whole object to be tested within an acceptable investigation time. In this way, the heterological structure of thyroid gland will be regarded, and comparability and reproducibility are guaranteed on an high level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Cyto- and histomorphologic changes in the Jensen sarcoma exposed to cisplatin, radiotherapy and combination treatment].

Puncture-cytological and histomorphological investigation results are presented in transplanted tumor Jensen sarcoma. The tested tumors did not respond to therapy in growth reaction and reached a quarter of the body mass of the experimental animals on day 18 post transplantation. Within the five groups (untreated, cisplatin daily 0.6 mg/kg b.w., irradiated with 2 Gy S. D., 20 Gy T. D. only, and 2 groups combined therapy cisplatin and irradiation) cytological differences were shown between the several therapeutic groups already at therapy day 7 in spite of similar growth reaction, but not between centre and periphery of tumors, that were marked more distinctly and confirmed in histomorphological picture at the end of therapy at day 18 p.t. The increased occurrence of giant cells with many nuclei and leukocytic inflammation reaction seem to be a typical picture for combined therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

EEG changes in untreated hyperthyroidism and under the conditions of thyreostatic treatment.

20 patients with hyperthyroidism were observed with repeated EEG measurements before and during treatment (ObsidanR; MethimazolR). 17 patients, before starting antithyroid therapy, had slight to moderate EEG abnormalities. A prevalence for moderate disturbances occurred for patients with a higher degree of hyperthyroidism. The dominant EEG frequency was higher than in euthyroid controls, but no exact correlation to T3-values could be observed. 16 patients showed abnormal reactivity to photic stimulation. One-week therapy by propranolol produced only a slight synchronizing effect in EEG's, where T3-values decreased. After 4 weeks selective therapy by MethimazolR all patients were euthyroid, but some EEG abnormalities persisted in 12 patients in a lower degree. The dominant EEG frequency decreased to control-group ranges and abnormal photic reactivity was reduced. After 6 months some EEG disturbances re-increased tentiatively, in 3 relapses excessively. These observations confirm the prognostic value of EEG measurements for the recognition of occurrence and persistence of cerebral disturbances in severe metabolic dysfunctions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Unwanted modification of the thyroid gland by drugs with special reference to nonsteroidal antirheumatic agents].

In two retrospective clinical studies was investigated the influence of the modern non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs indometacin and diclofenac (Rewodina) on the thyroid gland and corresponding peripheral hormone parameters. Under longterm treatment with indometacin a moderate strumigenic effect could be observed, which could not clearly be proved under the diclofenac therapy. In all patients with rheumatoid arthritis, independent of the kind of pharmacotherapy, decreased T3-hormone levels were found in normal serum T4-values. The findings are discussed as "low-T3-syndrome" in rheumatoid arthritis, induced by the disease lasting for many years possibly in combination with the long-term therapy with antirheumatic drugs. In a second series of investigations in 75 out of 3,104 patients (2.4%) with a bland struma distinct references to a medicamentous evocation of the enlargement of the thyroid gland were found. Anticonvulsive drugs and the antidepressive drug lithium stood in the first place as inductors of such medicamentous struma. Of the non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs only some cases could be ascribed to phenylbutazone, whereas the more modern preparations indometacin and diclofenac in none of our patients could with certainty be made responsible for a development of struma.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Changes in selected parameters of carbohydrate metabolism during short term hyperglycemia therapy in Jensen's sarcoma].

Biochemical investigations of short term hyperglycemia together with tumor-lysing clostridia were undertaken in order to optimize the use of this combined anti-tumor therapy model. Repeated intraperitoneal glucose injections resulted in an increased concentration of glucose in tumor tissue which lasted several hours and paralleled the blood sugar level in tumor bearing animals. At the same time a tumor dependent deterioration in glucose tolerance appeared likely. Characteristic changes in the intratumor lactate concentration were demonstrable. Tumor acidosis lasted 4 to 7 hours. Tumor pyruvate concentrations varied little with hyperglycemia. Simultaneous blood lactate and pyruvate levels did not differ from those of controls. LDH activity as measured in the tumor and in blood serum gave no clear indication of tumor cell damage.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1984

[Drug side effects in antineoplastic and immunosuppressive cytostatic therapy].

The clinical use of cytostatics belongs to the most difficult forms of pharmacotherapy. On account of the slight therapeutic breadth of these substances, their use is nearly regularly loaded with partly severe toxic side effects. In a survey of literature and with the help of own instances the possible toxic side effects, their diagnostics. prevention and therapy, concerning the various organ systems, are described. Due to their high potential toxicity cytostatics should be administered only by physicians experienced in this therapy under exactest indication.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

[Modification of selected leukocyte functions in albino rats caused by the transplantable Jensen sarcoma and by therapeutic trials of cyclophosphamide and vinblastine, Clostridium butyricum M55 and short-term hyperglycemia].

A significant increase in leukocyte adhesion and agglomeration was observed in white rats with Jensen sarcoma. Glucose induced short-term hyperglycemia temporarily stimulated these leukocyte functions in healthy rats. This effect was not notably influenced by administration of tumorlyzing spores. In contrast administration of the cytostatic agents vinblastine and cyclophosphamide demonstrated dose-related inhibition of leukocyte agglomeration and adhesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Morphological studies on Jensen sarcoma in the rat under artificial short-term hyperglycemia].

Possible actions of artificial short-time hyperglycaemia, which is tested as an adjunctive measure in various therapeutical concepts of tumours (for instance in combination with oncolytic apathogenic Clostridia), were checked by histomorphological investigations in Jensen sarcoma of rats. The glucose-induced hyperglycaemia caused a considerable increase of the extend of necrosis in the whole tumour. These morphological findings gave evidence of the high tumour selectivity of the provable effects of artificial short-time hyperglycaemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[The macrophage adherence inhibition test in Wistar rats bearing Jensen tumors. II. Macrophage adherence inhibition test after intravenous administration of spores of the CNRZ 528 strain of Clostridium butyricum and incubation with clostridial antigens].

The tumor-specificity of tumor-clostridia-phenomenon in the model of Jensen-sarcoma of the white rat was detected with the help of humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions of the host towards intravenous application of 5 X 10(8) spores of clostridia, which do not dissolve the tumor. Contrary to weak responses in Widal-agglutination the MAI showed characteristic values of inhibition of peritoneal-cell-adherence in tumor-bearing animals after incubation with soluble clostridia antigens.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

[Macrophage adherence inhibition test (MAI) in Wistar rats bearing Jensen tumors. I. MAI after incubation with tumor-associated antigens].

In the present report investigations for cellular sensitization against Jensen-sarcoma of the white rat are performed. Macrophage-Adherence-Inhibition-Test according to Halliday and Miller in a modification according to Schimke was the applied test. A significant adherence-inhibition of peritoneal cells of tumor-bearing rats was found in comparison to control animals with a plateau on day 12 after transplantation and a praemortal eclipse phenomenon from day 19 after inoculation with tumor cells. The concentration of immune complexes shows the same manner, but was especially high in animals with small or not-taken tumors, whereas MAI-index was similar to that of the control group. Antibody production against the tumor could not be detected with Ouchterlony-precipitation. Non-specific immunotherapy with DNCB and BCG as well as therapy with soluble tumorantigen in KFA and insoluble polymerized extracts in 2 TU PPD were unsuccessful to prevent the development of tumors in the model.

Animals↗