Biomedical subjects
K Hall
Publications and source records attributed to K Hall.
IGF-2 stimulated growth mediated by the somatomedin type 2 receptor.
Human Insulinlike Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) can promote cell proliferation via the type 2 receptor in K562 cells, a human erythroleukemia cell line with IGF-2/type 2 receptors and insulin receptors but lacking IGF-1/type 1 receptors. Cells are grown in semi-solid agar in the absence and presence of increasing amounts of insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2. Two strains of K562 cells have been studied, with different concentrations of insulin and IGF-2 receptors. The effect of IGF-2 is proportional to the IGF-2 receptor concentration.
The specificity of the human IGF-2 receptor.
The specificity of the type 2 insulinlike growth factor (IGF) receptor is evaluated in human placenta membranes and the human cell line K562. K562 cells have type 2 but not type 1 IGF receptors. Native IGF-2 isolated from human plasma and synthetic IGF-2 were equipotent in competing with labeled IGF-2 in both systems. Pure IGF-1 isolated from plasma, synthetic IGF-1 and recombinant IGF-1 could not crossreact with the type 2 IGF receptor in concentrations up to 1 microgram/ml in both systems. Studies on placenta membrane were done in the presence of 300 ug/ml insulin to block the type 1 IGF receptors. It is concluded that IGF-1, as well as insulin, cannot crossreact with the human type 2 IGF receptor.
Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
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Regulation of insulin-like growth factor II receptors by growth hormone and insulin in rat adipocytes.
The acute and long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) on the binding of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) were evaluated in adipose cells from hypophysectomized rats given replacement therapy with thyroxine and hydrocortisone and in cells from their sham-operated littermates. After the cells were incubated with insulin and/or GH, the recycling of IGF-II receptors was metabolically inhibited by treating the cells with KCN. IGF-II binding was 100 +/- 20% higher in cells from GH-deficient animals when compared with sham-operated controls. These GH-deficient cells also showed an increased sensitivity for insulin as compared with control cells (the EC50 for insulin was 0.06 ng/ml in GH-deficient cells and 0.3 ng/ml in control cells). However, the maximal incremental effect of insulin on IGF-II binding was reduced approximately 27% by hypophysectomy. GH added to the incubation medium increased the number of IGF-II binding sites by 100 +/- 18% in cells from hypophysectomized animals. This increase was rapidly induced (t1/2, approximately 10 min), but the time course was slower than that for the stimulatory effect of insulin. Half-maximal effect of GH on IGF-II binding was obtained at approximately equal to 10 ng/ml. Thus, GH added in vitro exerted a rapid insulin-like effect on the number of IGF-II receptors. GH also appears to play a regulating role for maintaining the cellular number of IGF-II receptors and, in addition, modulates the stimulatory effect of insulin on IGF-II binding.
Writing institutional criteria sets for nursing diagnosis: from idea to implementation.
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Substitution therapy with recombinant growth hormone (somatrem) in adults with growth hormone deficiency.
The effects of a 12-week period of substitution therapy with somatrem have been investigated in six adults with confirmed hGH deficiency. Five of the six patients experienced a subjective improvement, mentally and physically, but these improvements were not demonstrated when the patients were assessed objectively. No side-effects were reported. Serum procollagen III peptide increased in all patients and serum IGF-1 increased in five of the six patients.
Premorbid prevalence of poor academic performance in severe head injury.
A study of 80 head injured patients revealed poor premorbid academic performance in up to 50% of the sample. Poor academic performance, as defined by diagnosis of learning disability, multiple failed academic subjects, or school dropout during secondary education, is not a previously cited risk factor for head injury. These findings have important implications in the identification of a high risk population and in the subsequent ability to reduce the incidence of head injury.
A method for comparing two systems of acute 24-hour psychiatric care.
A quasi-experimental method was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a public system of 24-hour acute psychiatric care in Santa Clara County, California, before and after a new treatment setting was introduced. The original system relied on a 54-bed psychiatric unit in a county general hospital; the new system consisted of a 20-bed unit in the general hospital plus a 45-bed nonhospital psychiatric health facility. The study demonstrated that the per diem cost of the psychiatric health facility was approximately 60 percent that of the original general hospital unit, but the average difference in cost per episode between the two systems was only about +25, primarily due to longer lengths of stay in the new system. In addition, patients treated in the new, combined system appeared sicker at discharge than those treated in the old system. The findings suggest the importance of simultaneously evaluating both cost and treatment effectiveness to make sure that one element does not dominate program direction at the expense of the other.
On the nomenclature of the somatomedins and insulin-like growth factors.
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Growth hormone treatment in short children: relationship between growth and serum insulin-like growth factor I and II levels.
Thirty-one children who were short but not GH deficient, whose serum GH responses to provocative tests were normal, and whose spontaneous GH secretion was low received daily sc injections of human GH (Crescormon; 0.1 IU/kg BW) for 1 yr. Their initial serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II responses to GH were compared with their 1-yr growth response to therapy. In the prepubertal group (n = 18) the growth rate of all but two children increased 3.4 +/- 0.2 (+/- SEM) cm (from 4.1 +/- 0.2 to 7.5 +/- 0.3 cm/yr). The mean increment in the growth rate of the pubertal group was 5.2 +/- 0.5 cm. In both groups the growth increase was strongly correlated with both the percent increase in serum IGF-I and the percent increase in serum IGF-II during the first 10 days of treatment. No correlation was found between the basal growth rate and basal serum IGF-I or IGF-II levels. In the prepubertal group of children, both the percent increase in serum IGF-I levels in response to GH and the age at start of treatment were predictors of long term growth. We conclude that this subgroup of normal short children with low spontaneous GH secretion and high percent increase in serum IGF values benefits from GH treatment with an increased growth rate.
On the nomenclature of the somatomedins and insulin-like growth factors.
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On the nomenclature of the somatomedins and insulin-like growth factors.
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Occupational therapists' views about the use of robotic aids for people with disabilities.
The use of robotic aids for persons with disabilities has potential benefits both in terms of cost cutting and improved health care. This article reviews robotic aids currently in use and reports the results of a survey of 51 occupational therapists at four hospitals offering rehabilitation services for patients with spinal cord injuries: Therapists were generally positive about the use of robotic aids and expressed interest in learning more about this technology.
Ethical concerns arising from industry/practitioner relationship.
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Syringes versus minibags as an intravenous admixture system: a comparison of cost and nursing preference.
The implementation of centralized intravenous admixture programs in Canadian hospitals has been hindered by the high costs associated with such programs. The most popular system uses minibags as an admixture base but other less expensive alternatives are being investigated. This study examines the material and labour costs associated with preparing admixtures in either minibags or polypropylene syringes. The minibag admixtures were administered by nursing staff using secondary medication administration sets. Standard volume-control sets were used for diluting and administering the intravenous admixtures supplied in syringes. The results indicated a major cost advantage for the syringe-based program. Furthermore, evaluation of the two systems by nursing staff indicated a strong preference for the syringe-based system.
Clinical and epidemiologic features of strongyloidiasis. A prospective study in rural Tennessee.
Hospitalized and domiciliary patients were studied to determine the incidence of the endemic nematode Strongyloides stercoralls in stool samples. Strongyloides was found in 14 (6.1%) of 229 hospitalized patients and in nine (2.6%) of 346 domiciliary patients. Clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and underlying diseases were compared for stool-positive and stool-negative patients. Infected patients were more likely to complain of abdominal bloating. They had a higher incidence of eosinophilia and guaiac-positive stools. They were more likely to have been treated with corticosteroids, cimetidine, and antacids. Efficacy of treatment with thiabendazole was studied in all stool-positive patients; a relapse rate of 15% was noted with standard thiabendazole therapy.
Plasma aluminium and prolonged parenteral nutrition in infancy.
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