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K Hahn

Publications and source records attributed to K Hahn.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[A combined PACS and Internet information system in a university medical center].

PURPOSE: The Department of Radiology at the University Hospital Innenstadt Munich provides all clinical departments of a large university hospital with several radiology units at different locations. During the last four years all units have been fully digitalized with a stepwise installation of a PACS. The PACS also processes images from the Nuclear Medicine Department. METHODS: As image modalities, archive systems and review workstations, we use devices from multiple vendors, which are integrated into a consistent system using the DICOM standard. The hospital has developed its own RIS and an Internet information system, which provides access to all reports and images from radiology for all clinical departments inside the hospital. Additionally, other clinical information such as laboratory results or ECG examinations are available through the system. RESULTS: After one year of operation, the system succeeded in the clinical routine work as the primary source for radiological reports and images as well as for laboratory values. CONCLUSION: The advantages of digitalization were, besides reduction of film cost, especially optimizations of work flow with access to digital images from everywhere at any time.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2000

Is a low-dose Tc-99m-MIBI protocol suitable for first-pass RNV?

Tc-99m-labelled radiopharmaceuticals, such as Tc-99m-sestamibi (Tc-99m-MIBI), offer the opportunity to measure myocardial perfusion and function with one injection only. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether first-pass (FP) radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) consecutively followed by myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) may be performed according to a low-dose MIBI 1-day protocol using a multi-crystal gamma camera. Two hundred and seventy consecutive, predominantly obese [61% with a body mass index (BMI) of >25 kg x m(-2)] patients (169 male, 101 female), referred for myocardial perfusion SPECT with Tc-99m-MIBI [4 MBq x kg(-1) (>300 MBq) at stress; 9 MBq x kg(-1) (> 650 MBq) at rest], were studied with FP RNV prior to SPECT. Bicycle ergometry (29%), dobutamine (6%) or dipyridamole stress (65%) was performed. Adequate count (ct) statistics for FP RNV were defined as follows: (1) > 2000 cts within the background-corrected, end-diastolic (ED), left ventricular (LV) region of interest (ROI) of the representative cycle; and (2) >4 heart beats with > 1000 cts within the ED LV ROI (> 50% of maximal cts). A net mean dose of 318+/-64 MBq (4.3+/-1.1 MBq x kg(-1)) was injected during stress and 674+/-55 MBq (9.1+/-1.7 MBq x kg(-1)) during rest. There was no statistical difference among the three stress modalities concerning the net dose. Two hundred and fifty-six out of 270 (95%) stress and a basis for reliable all 270 (100%) rest FP RNV studies showed adequate count statistics as functional analysis. The 14 patients with insufficient count statistics were all obese and had received less than the planned dose. For the vast majority of patients, even a low-dose 1-day protocol with Tc-99m-MIBI is suitable for the assessment of FP RNV prior to SPECT. A minimum of 300 MBq and 4 MBq x (kg body weight)(-1) should be administered in order to obtain technically adequate results even in obese patients.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2000

Adhesio interthalamica in male patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated whether absence of the adhesio interthalamica in patients with schizophrenia constitutes a marker of early developmental neuropathological changes. METHOD: Thirty male patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy male subjects were recruited for study. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the presence or absence of the adhesio interthalamica was determined for each subject. The length and volume of the third ventricle were also measured. RESULTS: No differences in the presence or absence of the adhesio interthalamica were found between patients with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects. Patients without the adhesio interthalamica had significantly higher scores for negative symptoms than patients with the adhesio interthalamica. There was no correlation between absence of the adhesio interthalamica and length and volume of the third ventricle in either patients or comparison subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia who do not have the adhesio interthalamica are characterized by more severe negative symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

D2 receptor occupancy under recommended and high doses of olanzapine: an iodine-123-iodobenzamide SPECT study.

The aim of this study was to compare the degree of striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability in patients treated with recommended (5-20 mg, mean dose 11.9 +/- 6.3 mg daily) and higher doses (25-40 mg, mean 32.1 +/- 5.6 mg daily) of the novel antipsychotic drug olanzapine by means of [123I] IBZM Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The results were compared to those of a group of 10 untreated, healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. The degree of dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in the patient group was correlated with the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). A total of 20 patients who met the DSM III R criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder received a clinically effective antipsychotic monotherapy with olanzapine. The mean daily dose of olanzapine ranged from 0.05-0.6 mg/kg body weight. The dopamine D2 receptor binding was reduced in all patients treated with olanzapine. Specific IBZM binding expressed as the [STR-BKG]/BKG ratio ranged from 0.13-0.61 (healthy controls 0.95). The D2 receptor availability revealed an exponential dose-response relationship (r = - 0.85, p < 0.001). The frequency of EPS induced by olanzapine was considerably lower. Only one patient, treated with 40 mg olanzapine, suffered from severe EPS symptoms and had to be given biperiden. There were no significant differences in the presence of EPS symptoms between patients with recommended doses and those with higher doses of olanzapine.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Advantages and limitations of whole-body bone marrow MRI using Turbo-STIR sequences in comparison to planar bone scans] .

UNLABELLED: At modern MRI tomographs the whole body can be screened for bone marrow metastases within 45 min. AIM of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic advantages and disadvantages of a whole-body bone marrow MRI protocol using Turbo Short Tau Inversion Recovery [STIR] sequences in comparison to planar bone scintigraphy (SZ). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In order to screen for bone metastases within two weeks SZ and whole-body MRI with Turbo-STIR-sequences were performed in 20 patients with known breast cancer. For further evaluation five regions were defined: skull, spine including the pelvis, femora, humeri and ribs including scapulae and sternum. RESULTS: In 9/20 patients neither with SZ nor with MRI bone metastases were detected (staging M0). Among the remaining 11 patients SZ detected 109 and MRI 150 lesions which were typical for bone metastases. All of these 11 patients were staged M1 correspondingly with both methods. Within the thorax (ribs, sternum, scapulae) MRI discovered only 6/17 and within the skull 0/6 lesions which were suspicious for metastases in SZ. Inversely MRI identified much more metastatic lesions than SZ within the femora (20/16), the humeri (14/12) and the spine including the pelvis (110/58). CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility-, truncation-, chemical-shift-, third arm- and particularly pulsation artifacts along with the impossibility to chose slice orientation equally advantageous for all regions of the body cause impaired image quality of MRI whole body scanning. Therefore, concerning the detection rate of bone metastases within the thorax (ribs, sternum and scapulae) and the skull, conventional Turbo-STIR-MRI whole-body scans are even less accurate than conventional planar bone scintigraphy in those regions.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed2000

Quantitative comparison of automatic and interactive methods for MRI-SPECT image registration of the brain based on 3-dimensional calculation of error.

UNLABELLED: A wide range of techniques for registration of medical images has been devised in recent years. The aim of this study is to quantify the overall spatial registration error of 3 different methods for image registration: interactive matching, surface matching, and uniformity index matching as described by Woods. METHODS: MRI and ethylcysteinate dimer-SPECT images of the brain were registered for 15 patients. The matching error was assessed by determining intra- and interobserver variability of registrations. Quantification of the registration error was based on the mean spatial distance of 5000 voxels between 2 image positions. The mean position after repeated registrations in each patient was used as the gold standard. To evaluate the coherence of the 3 different registration methods, intermethod variability was determined. RESULTS: Interactive matching showed an intraobserver/interobserver variability of 1.5+/-0.3 mm/1.6+/-0.3 mm (mean +/- SD). The time demand for this method was 11+/-5 min. Surface matching revealed a variability of 2.6+/-1.1 mm/3.8+/-1.0 mm and a time demand of 26+/-12 min. Reproducibility of Woods' algorithm was 2.2+/-0.8 mm with a time demand of 9+/-3 min. In 4 of the 15 cases, Woods' method failed. The mean deviation between all 3 methods was 2.3+/-0.8 mm. CONCLUSION: With a suitable user interface, interactive matching had the lowest registration error. The influence of subjectivity was shown to be negligible. Therefore, interactive matching is our preferred technique for image fusion of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Metastases in malignant melanoma despite histologically negative sentinel lymph node: should the concept be changed?].

AIM: The Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) is of considerable prognostic relevance, because extended lymph node dissection may not be performed in patients presenting with histologically negative SLN. The aim of the present study was to prove the prognostic value of the SLN-concept in these patients. METHODS: So far the clinical follow-up of 162 patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma and metastatically uninvolved (negative) SLN was investigated. Histological examination included standard methods (HE-Test) and special histochemical techniques (S-100, HMB-45). All patients underwent clinical examination, ultrasonic diagnosis of the regional lymph nodes, and x-ray of the chest every 3 months. RESULTS: Despite of negative SLN-findings in 8/162 patients metastases of the malignant melanoma were found after a time period of 5-27 months. Three patients presented with recurrence in the previously mapped (negative) SLN-basin. In another case the scintigraphically visualized SLN could not be identified intraoperatively by means of the hand-held gamma probe. One patient showed intransit-metastases or skin-metastases, respectively; another patient recurred in the scar area. One patient showed hematogenic dissemination (liver) which is not detectable by lymphoscintigraphy; in another patient metastases were found outside the primary lymphatic basin (cervical). CONCLUSION: In our patient group 4.9% presented with metastases despite negative SLN while published data report up to 11% (observation period 35 months), among them only 3 patients (1.9%) being real concept failures. Our results underline that there is no evidence to change this concept in patients with clinically early stage.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels on uptake of FDG in recurrent and metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

UNLABELLED: The objective of this prospective study was to determine the extent to which the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) influence the uptake of FDG by thyroid carcinoma tumors METHODS: Ten patients with follicular (n = 7) or papillary (n = 3) thyroid carcinoma underwent FDG PET during TSH suppression (<0.05 microU/mL) and TSH stimulation (>22 microU/mL) within an average interval of 42 d (range, 28-73 d). The findings were evaluated by visual criteria. In addition, a tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was determined for 17 lesions that were visualized. RESULTS: In 15 of 17 lesions with positive FDG uptake, TSH stimulation was associated with an increase in the TBR from 3.85 +/- 2.53 (mean +/- SD) to 5.84 +/- 4.84, corresponding to an average increase of 63.1% (P < 0.001). Determination of absolute counting rates indicated that this increase was the result of a decrease in FDG metabolism in the background together with an increase in the tumor tissue. No relationship was found between the presence or absence of iodine storage capacity (5 versus 12/17 lesions) and increase in FDG accumulation. Seven of 10 patients had additional iodine-positive metastases that showed no accumulation of FDG. CONCLUSION: Most locally recurrent and metastatic follicular and papillary thyroid carcinomas exhibited a significant increase in FDG uptake on TSH stimulation. In 3 of 10 patients, TSH stimulation resulted in either detection of new lesions or classification of the FDG uptake pattern as typical for malignancy. These findings suggest that FDG uptake in recurrent and metastatic thyroid carcinoma depends on the TSH level. Therefore, we recommend that PET examinations be performed in patients with thyroid carcinoma under TSH stimulation and follow-up examinations be performed under identical TSH conditions to prevent erroneous interpretation.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1999

The Xanthomonas Hrp type III system secretes proteins from plant and mammalian bacterial pathogens.

Studies of essential pathogenicity determinants in Gram-negative bacteria have revealed the conservation of type III protein secretion systems that allow delivery of virulence factors into host cells from plant and animal pathogens. Ten of 21 Hrp proteins of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria have been suggested to be part of a type III machinery. Here, we report the hrp-dependent secretion of two avirulence proteins, AvrBs3 and AvrRxv, by X. campestris pv. vesicatoria strains that constitutively express hrp genes. Secretion occurred without leakage of a cytoplasmic marker in minimal medium containing BSA, at pH 5.4. Secretion was strictly hrp-dependent because a mutant carrying a deletion in hrcV, a conserved hrp gene, did not secrete AvrBs3 and AvrRxv. Moreover, the Hrp system of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria was able to secrete proteins from two other plant pathogens: PopA, a protein secreted via the Hrp system in Ralstonia solanacearum, and AvrB, an avirulence protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. Interestingly, X. campestris pv. vesicatoria also secreted YopE, a type III-secreted cytotoxin of the mammalian pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in a hrp-dependent manner. YerA, a YopE-specific chaperone, was required for YopE stability but not for secretion in X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. Our results demonstrate the functional conservation of the type III system of X. campestris for secretion of proteins from both plant and mammalian pathogens and imply recognition of their respective secretion signals.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A di-acidic (DXE) code directs concentration of cargo during export from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Efficient export of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), a type I transmembrane protein, from the endoplasmic reticulum requires a di-acidic code (DXE) located in the cytosolic carboxyl-terminal tail (Nishimura, N., and Balch, W. E. (1997) Science 277, 556-558). Mutation of the DXE code by mutation to AXA did not prevent VSV-G recruitment to pre-budding complexes formed in the presence of the activated form of the Sar1 and the Sec23/24 complex, components of the COPII budding machinery. However, the signal was required at a subsequent concentration step preceding vesicle fission. By using green fluorescence protein-tagged VSV-G to image movement in a single cell, we found that VSV-G lacking the DXE code fails to be concentrated into COPII vesicles. As a result, the normal 5-10-fold increase in the steady-state concentration of VSV-G in downstream pre-Golgi intermediates and Golgi compartments was lost. These results demonstrate for the first time that inactivation of the DXE signal uncouples early cargo selection steps from concentration into COPII vesicles. We propose that two sequential steps are required for efficient export from the endoplasmic reticulum.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Incidence of immunogenic hyperthyroidism after radioiodine therapy of focal thyroid gland autonomy. Results of a multicenter study].

BACKGROUND: There are case reports in the literature that patients occasionally develop immunogenic hyperthyroidism 2 to 14 months following iodine-131-therapy of focal, non-immunogenic, autonomous thyroid nodules with a prevalence between 0.05 and 2.5%. Purpose of this multicenter evaluation was to assess the appearance of this phenomenon in a larger patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: So far 2867 patients out of 4 university hospitals are included in our study focusing on the appearance of pathologically elevated levels of thyrotropin-receptor-antibodies (TRAb) combined with hyperthyroidism following iodine-therapy. Records of the patients were screened for pre- and post-therapeutic biochemical tests, scintigraphic uptake patterns and ultrasound findings of the thyroid. RESULTS: Nineteen of 2867 patients with pretherapeutically scintigraphic "hot nodules" developed recurrent hyperthyroidism suggestive for immunogenic genesis 2 to 12 months following iodine-131-therapy (elevated TRAb-levels, homogeneous uptake in Tc-99m-pertechnetate scans). Pretherapeutically, 9 of these patients presented with a strictly focal scintigraphic uptake-pattern, 10 cases with a mixed disseminated-focal pattern. Because of missing pretherapeutic TRAb-tests in 8/9 patients presenting with a strictly focal scintigraphic uptake pattern, postradiogenic immunogenic hyperthyroidism could be reliably assessed in 1 case only. CONCLUSION: One could speculate that iodine-131-therapy may stimulate immunogenic mechanisms finally leading to immunogenic hyperthyroidism. Posttherapeutically observed hyperthyroidism following iodine-treatment might be based on an exacerbation of a preexisting--clinically not relevant/detectable--immunothyropathia. Also pretherapeutic TRAb-negative immunogenic hyperthyroidism could not be definitely excluded. Our multicenter data collected in a large patient population show similar results to the case reports of immunogenic hyperthyroidism following iodine-131-treatment in smaller populations. Therfore, the occurrence of this phenomenon plays a minor role regarding to its prevalence. Therapeutical consequences in treatment of functional thyroid autonomy are not recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Matrix valency regulates integrin-mediated lymphoid adhesion via Syk kinase.

Lymphocytes accumulate within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tumor, wound, or inflammatory tissues. These tissues are largely comprised of polymerized adhesion proteins such as fibrin and fibronectin or their fragments. Nonactivated lymphoid cells attach preferentially to polymerized ECM proteins yet are unable to attach to monomeric forms or fragments of these proteins without previous activation. This adhesion event depends on the appropriate spacing of integrin adhesion sites. Adhesion of nonactivated lymphoid cells to polymeric ECM components results in activation of the antigen receptor-associated Syk kinase that accumulates in adhesion-promoting podosomes. In fact, activation of Syk by antigen or agonists, as well as expression of an activated Syk mutant in lymphoid cells, facilitates their adhesion to monomeric ECM proteins or their fragments. These results reveal a cooperative interaction between signals emanating from integrins and antigen receptors that can serve to regulate stable lymphoid cell adhesion and retention within a remodeling ECM.

Cell Adhesion↗
PubMed1999

The carpal ligaments in MR arthrography of the wrist: correlation with standard MRI and wrist arthroscopy.

We assessed the value of three-compartment magnetic resonance (MR) wrist arthrography in comparison with non-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of 13 individual wrist ligaments in 35 patients with refractory wrist pain. In 20 of these patients MR findings were correlated with the findings from multiportal wrist arthroscopy. For MR imaging (1.5-T magnet) a three-dimensional volume acquisition with a gradient-recalled echo sequence and 0.6-1.0 mm effective slice thickness was used. The delineation of individual wrist ligaments was rated as "good" in 10% of non-enhanced MR and 90% of MR arthrography images. Ligament evaluation was possible with high diagnostic confidence in 11% by non-enhanced MR imaging and 90% by MR arthrography. With wrist arthroscopy as the standard of reference, average sensitivities/specificities/accuracies for the diagnosis of full-thickness ligamentous defects were 0.81/0.75/0.77 for non-enhanced MR imaging and 0.97/0.96/0.96 for MR arthrography. Our findings suggest that MR arthrography is more accurate than standard MRI in delineating and evaluating the ligaments of the wrist.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Magnetic resonance imaging of benign and premalignant tumors in childhood].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of MRI in determining benign and premalignant abdominal tumors in childhood. METHODS: MR images of 93 children with 69 malignant and 24 benign abdominal tumors were analyzed retrospectively without and with knowledge of clinical findings. Based on the final diagnosis, MR findings were surveyed with regard to the correct differential diagnosis and to the differentiation between benign and malignant masses. RESULTS: Analysis of MRI alone revealed relatively low sensitivity of 67% for diagnosis of a benign tumor. The main reason was unspecific morphologic criteria leading to the false-negative diagnosis of a malignant tumor. Together with clinical and laboratory findings, sensitivity could be increased to 92%. The main criterion for differentiation of malignant tumors turned to be out the origin of tumor. Benign tumors could be best differentiated by their internal structure. CONCLUSION: When considering clinical findings in pediatric abdominal tumors, MRI represents a valuable modality for differential diagnosis.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

In vivo effects of olanzapine on striatal dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor binding in schizophrenic patients: an iodine-123 iodobenzamide single-photon emission tomography study.

Olanzapine is a new atypical antipsychotic agent that belongs to the same chemical class as clozapine. The pharmacological efficacy of olanzapine (in contrast to that of risperidone) has been shown to be comparable to that of clozapine, but olanzapine has the advantage of producing a less pronounced bone marrow depressing effect than clozapine. The specific aims of this study were (a) to assess dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor availability in patients treated with olanzapine by means of iodine-123 iodobenzamide [(123)I]IBZM single-photon emission tomography (SPET), (b) to compare the results with findings of [(123)I]IBZM SPET in patients under treatment with risperidone and (c) to correlate the results with the occurrence of extrapyramidal side-effects (EPMS). Brain SPET scans were performed in 20 schizophrenic patients (DSM III R) at 2 h after i.v. administration of 185 MBq [(123)I]IBZM. Images were acquired using a triple-head gamma camera (Picker Prism 3000 XP). For semiquantitative evaluation of D(2)/D(3) receptor binding, transverse slices corrected for attenuation were used to calculate specific uptake values [STR-BKG]/BKG (STR=striatum; BKG=background). The mean daily dose of olanzapine ranged from 0.05 to 0.6 mg/kg body weight. The dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor binding was reduced in all patients treated with olanzapine. Specific IBZM binding [STR-BKG]/BKG ranged from 0.13 to 0.61 (normal controls >0.95). The decreased D(2)/D(3) receptor availability revealed an exponential dose-response relationship (r=-0.85, P<0.001). The slope of the curve was similar to that of risperidone and considerably higher than that of clozapine as compared with the results of a previously published study. EPMS were observed in only one patient, presenting with the lowest D(2)/D(3) availability. The frequency of EPMS induced by olanzapine (5%) was considerably lower than the frequency under risperidone treatment (40%). Our findings suggest an exponential relationship between the daily dose of olanzapine striatal and decreased D(2)/D(3) striatal binding availability. The results are consistent with the findings of in vitro experiments reporting a higher D(2)/D(3) receptor affinity and a similar 5HT(2) receptor affinity of olanzapine as compared with clozapine. Thus, the decreased tendency to induce EPMS at therapeutic doses is not due to the limited occupancy of striatal D(2)/D(3) receptors in vivo. Patients are protected from EPMS by other intrinsic effects of the drug, i.e. the combination of both D(2)/D(3) and 5HT(2) receptor antagonism.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Corpus callosum size in schizophrenia--a magnetic resonance imaging analysis.

Previous MRI studies have shown differences in corpus callosum size between schizophrenic patients and controls. The corpus callosum (CC), as the main interhemispheric fiber tract, plays an important role in interhemispheric integration and communication. Though MRI studies suggest smaller CC in schizophrenia, there are still conflicting findings. Using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, it was investigated whether the midsagittal area of CC differs between twenty-three right-handed male schizophrenic patients and twenty-three matched controls. Total CC area, five subregions of CC, total brain volume, gray and white matter were measured. No differences between schizophrenic patients and controls were found regarding all CC measurements, total brain volume, and gray matter tissue. However, a significant reduction of white matter tissue in the patient group emerged. There was no correlation between CC morphology and clinical variables such as age of onset, length of illness or symptom severity. Interestingly, five schizophrenic patients with a positive family history of schizophrenia showed significant reduction of the subregion C3, associated with a reduced total brain and gray and white matter volume. Significant reduction in the CC and its subregions was not confirmed in this group of patients with schizophrenia. In the subgroup of schizophrenic patients with a positive family history of schizophrenia, a significant reduction of the subregion corresponding to a part of the trunk of the CC was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Behavioural and glial changes in old rats following environmental enrichment.

The effects of enriched environment on short-term memory for event durations and on astrocytes (cell density, cell area and % of GFAP immunoreactivity) in hippocampus (Hi), frontal cortex (FC) and corpus callosum (CC) were analysed in old rats housed from weaning to the end of behavioural testing (23 months) either in standard (SC) or in enriched (EC) conditions and in young adults (5 months) all housed in SC. Old SC and EC and young SC rats trained (for 2 months) or not, in a Symbolic Delayed Matching to Sample Task, had to discriminate and remember two (2- and 10-s) signals after short retention intervals. Results confirm the aging-related acquisition and memory deficit. EC reduced the slowness of acquisition, reversed the short-term memory deficit and promoted the retention of the short signal (choose short effect). Old SC naive rats had many hypertrophied astrocytes with long processes in Hi and CC while old EC rats had decreased astrocytes number and size. The behavioural testing resulted in young adult SC rats in Hi and CC, in increased astrocytes number, size and GFAP% and in their decrease in old SC rats. EC and testing have additive effects (very low astrocytes number, size and GFAP%) to compensate for the aging-induced gliosis, mostly in Hi.

Aging↗