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Biomedical subjects

K H Shin

Publications and source records attributed to K H Shin.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A randomized phase I/II trial of hyperfractionated radiation therapy with total doses of 60.0 Gy to 79.2 Gy: possible survival benefit with greater than or equal to 69.6 Gy in favorable patients with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 83-11.

A phase Ilate/II trial of hyperfractionated (HFX) radiation therapy for non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung (NSCCL) was conducted by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) between 1983 and 1987. Fractions of 1.2 Gy were administered twice daily with greater than or equal to 4 hours between fractions. Patients were randomized to receive minimum total doses of 60.0, 64.8, and 69.6 Gy. After acceptable risks of acute and late effects were found, 74.4 Gy and 79.2 Gy arms were added, and the lowest total dose arms were closed. No significant differences in the risks of acute or late effects in normal tissues were found among the 848 patients analyzed in the five arms; risks of severe or life-threatening pneumonitis were 2.6% for 60.0 to 64.8 Gy, 5.7% for 69.6 to 74.4 Gy, and 8.1% for 79.2 Gy. Among 350 patients who had the same criteria as Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) protocol 84-33 (American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging [AJCCS], 1984, stage III; Karnofsky performance status [KPS] 70 to 100; less than 6% weight loss), there was a dose response for survival: survival with 69.6 Gy (median, 13.0 months; 2 years, 29%) was significantly (P = .02) better than the lower total doses. There were no differences in survival among the three highest total-dose arms. Comparisons with results in similar patients treated with 60 Gy in 30 fractions of 2.0 Gy 5 days per week for 6 weeks suggest benefit from HFX radiation therapy with 69.6 Gy. Improvement in survival with HFX radiation therapy at 69.6 Gy total dose without increase in normal tissue effects, justifies phase III comparison with standard fractionation alone and combined with systemic chemotherapy in this common presentation of NSCCL.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Autolysed antigen-extracted allogeneic bone for repair of diaphyseal bone defects in rabbits.

Autolysed antigen-extracted allogeneic bone (AAA bone) was used to bridge a large osteoperiosteal gap in the diaphysis of the radius of 50 rabbits. Periodic observations of the graft were made clinically, radiologically and histologically every week up to fourteen weeks. The continuity of the radius was evaluated macroscopically and histologically. The AAA bones were progressively resorbed and replaced by the new bone. The bone remodelled to the mature tubular bone and did not undergo absorption during the experimental period. The AAA bone proceeded to be an osteoinductive and osteoconductive material. There were no appreciable histologic signs of immune or foreign body reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Therapeutic response of breast carcinoma monitored by 31P MRS in situ.

In situ phosphorous MRS was employed to study the metabolites of normal and cancerous breasts, and the alterations of tumor response to therapy. In a group of 7 normal volunteers and 12 patients, the total mobile phosphate content of breast carcinomas was found to be at least two to three times higher than that of the normal breast measured off menstruation. The metabolite profiles of normal and tumorous breasts are coarsely similar. In both cases the intracellular pH (pHi) was either neutral or slightly alkaline (pH greater than 7.0). Prior to treatments, the metabolite levels of phosphoryl monoester-to-ATP ratio of breast neoplasms were higher than those of the controls and decreased after the patients received a few treatments while the pHi fluctuated at a value greater than 7.0. The phosphoryl diester-to-ATP ratio also demonstrated to a lesser extent a decreasing trend in response to therapy.

Breast↗
PubMed1988

Late appearance of a radiodense lesion at the site of an irradiated metastasis: neuropathological findings.

The appearance of contrast-enhancing computed tomographic (CT) lesions at the site of an irradiated brain tumor often has sinister implications. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who received cranial irradiation as treatment for cerebral metastases from lung cancer. Follow-up radiographic studies revealed complete tumor regression; however, 26 months after treatment, enhanced CT scanning showed a radiodense nodule at the site of one of the previous metastatic deposits. Neuropathological examination of the surgically excised tissue identified benign reactive changes only. The natural history of irradiated brain lesions is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Bone marrow transplantation for acute monocytic leukemia following the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

A 32-year-old woman developed acute monocytic leukemia within a year of treatment for Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy and radiation. Residual leukemia was present in the bone marrow after two induction courses of high-dose Ara-C. She received a bone marrow transplant from an HLA- and DR-identical sister and remains in complete remission more than 2 years after transplantation. Only one other instance of a remission greater than 2 years after transplantation for secondary acute leukemia could be found in the literature. Although bone marrow transplantation may be carried out successfully in these patients, it is possible that they may be more vulnerable to transplant-related complications because of their previous exposure to chemotherapy and radiation. Only further study can clarify this matter and determine the best time for the procedure and which regimen should be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Multiple daily fractionated radiation therapy and misonidazole in the management of malignant astrocytoma. A preliminary report.

Various attempts have been made to improve the effectiveness of radiation in the treatment of cerebral malignant astrocytomas. A trend favoring multiple daily fractionated (MDF) radiation therapy over conventional single daily fractionated (CF) radiation therapy was identified in our previous study. In order to assess the effect of MDF with and without misonidazole, a province-wide prospective randomized trial was initiated in January 1981. By March 1984, 124 patients with histologically verified grade III and IV astrocytomas were randomized to CF (5800 cGy/6 weeks/30 fractions), MDF (6141 cGy/4.5 weeks/69 fractions at 89 cGy every 3-4 hours, three times a day) and MDF in combination with misonidazole (1.25 g/m2 three times weekly for the first 3 weeks). Thirty-eight patients were randomized to CF, 43 patients to MDF, and 43 patients to MDF and misonidazole. At the preliminary assessment in July 1984, the median survival time was 27 weeks for the CF group, 39 weeks for the MDF group and 49 weeks for MDF and misonidazole group. The 1-year actuarial survival rate from surgery was 20% for CF group, 41% for MDF group, and 45% for MDF and misonidazole group. There is a statistically significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the CF and MDF group. However, the addition of misonidazole does not significantly alter survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Misonidazole combined with hyperfractionation in the management of malignant glioma.

Multiple daily fractionated radiation therapy (MDF) may be more effective than conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (CF) in the treatment of malignant glioma. The hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole (MISO) could be more effective when employed with small fractions of radiation every 4 hours to take advantage of the long half-life of the drug. To evaluate MDF and MDF in combination with MISO, a randomized prospective trial was initiated. Between January 1981, and December 1982, patients with histologically verified astrocytoma with anaplastic foci or glioblastoma multiforme were randomized to CF (5800 cGy, 30 fractions, 6 weeks), MDF (6141 cGy, 69 fractions, 4 1/2 weeks, at 89 cGy every 4 hours 3 times daily) and MDF in combination with MISO (1.25 gm/M2 three times weekly for the first 3 weeks). In January 1983, the CF arm was dropped and a high dose MDF arm added (7120 cGy, 80 fractions, 5 1/2 weeks, at 89 cGy per fraction every 4 hours 3 times daily). CCNU chemotherapy was given at the time of tumor progression. One hundred and twenty-eight patients were evaluated (38 CF, 42 MDF, 37 MDF plus MISO, and 11 high dose MDF). Median survival was 29 weeks for CF, 45 weeks for MDF and 50 weeks for MDF plus MISO. Survival was significantly improved for patients treated with MDF compared to patients treated with CF (p less than .002). The addition of MISO to MDF did not result in further improvement in survival. Acute toxicity was acceptable. No clinically apparent delayed toxicity was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Superfractionation radiation therapy in the treatment of malignant astrocytoma.

Superfractionation (SF) radiation therapy is the administration of three fractions per day. We have assessed the effect of SF in a prospective randomized clinical study of malignant astrocytomas from July 1978 to December 1980. Thirty-five patients were randomized to SF (4000 rad in 45 fractions in 3 weeks whole brain and 1000 rad in five fractions in one week local boost). Thirty-four patients were randomized to conventional fractions (3400 rad in 17 fractions whole brain in 3.5 weeks and 1600 rad in eight fractions in 1.5 weeks local boost). Both treatment arms received chemotherapy with CCNU. The 1- and 2-year actuarial survival rate is 54% and 21% for SF group and 32% and 10% for CF group. The other advantages of SF include shorter mean duration of steroid administration and improved performance status following radiation therapy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

The murine ependymoblastoma: growth pattern and survival in C57Bl/6J mice.

The murine ependymoblastoma is a transplantable tumor of cerebral origin. The growth pattern and survival times of the murine ependymoblastoma implanted peripherally and intracranially in non nude C57Bl/6J mice have been found to be predictable and consistent when examined by means of Tumor Cell Dose Assessment (end point solution), Tumor Growth and Survival Assessment. The results suggest that a greater tumor cell dose is required to generate peripheral tumor take than brain tumor take. This difference may result from a greater immunologic response to tumor implanted peripherally than into the immunologically privileged brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the brain.

The authors present a case of primary intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma. This is only the 10th reported case and is the only one in which the patient has survived longer than 2 years. A 9-month-old boy was found to have a large mass in the right posterior fossa. Posterior fossa craniotomy revealed an unencapsulated tumour involving almost the entire right cerebellar hemisphere and extending to the right cerebellar pontine angle. Subtotal removal was done for internal decompression. On examination of the specimen by light microscopy there were definite sarcomatous features with occasional rhabdopoietic elements and many malignant giant cells. The ultrastructural appearance confirmed the diagnosis of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma. The child was treated with combination chemotherapy and cobalt-60 teletherapy. He is alive and well 2 years after operation and has no clinical evidence of recurrent disease. His physical growth and mental development are satisfactory. The response of our patient suggests that such tumours may be controlled by subtotal removal followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗